新民儒学论

＂作新民＂是儒家传统中古已有之的积极精神,其起源于三代圣王自新、新人之思。宋明理学、心学对新民之说有所强调发扬,由帝王自新发展到士大夫的普遍自新,然而由于历史局限,不能跳出＂作臣民＂的范畴。晚清、民国自严复始,梁启超力倡,作新民被赋予一定近代启蒙意义,然而不脱＂作国民＂之窠臼。民国以来的百年实践证明＂作国民＂是远远不能完成现代化进度的。今日之新民儒学应力倡＂作公民＂。

The TV as a Space of Identification and Differentiation

The objective of this article is to work the media representation of citizens＇ rights in television news. We have taken a particular case which happened in the province and the autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina during the second week of December 2010. Such circumstances were in opposition to housing rights and property. We selected a sample of three evening news （two private and one public） Telenoche, Telefe News, and Vision 7, with the intention of establishing a line of comparison in both media, and thereby recognizing the differences in patterns of representation the news. From the analysis of data, we realize the ways in which TV News defined the citizen complaint.

Contentious Discourses： Signifying on the Law in African American Writing

African American narratives are peopled with subjectivities struggling to retrieve and reconstruct themselves as persons--and thus citizens--through and against American legal narratives, where personhood and citizenship are concerned. Thus, there was the problematic for blacks of how to apply citizenship to their corporeal existence when they were labeled as property. The historical legal narrative of America was constructed on the power of the dominant white elite to prevent the emergence of a narrative of African American life other than that which they authorize, legislate, and narrate. To this end, it has been argued, that narratives in African American literature treat the question of the legal status of African Americans or have it as a fundamental trope of struggle in the narrative. This idea suggests that the law＇s ability as a shaper and determinant of African American social identity, presets the narrative base for African American narrative. This paper examines the relationship between ＂＇laws of separations＂, and African American narrative through a rereading of works of two contemporary novelists, Toni Morrison and Gloria Naylor. Their works, the author argue, are counter-positioned narratives that create contentious dialogue and elaborate the way in which segregationist codes and Jim Crow laws are grounded in the very nature of citizenship for African Americans.

Increasing Civics Learning Achievement by Applying Cooperative Learning： Team Game Tournament Method

The most important goal in civics education is to ensure that each citizen has a good understanding of ethics and moral behavior, and thus stresses the constant link between knowledge and practice. In this context, to increase understanding of civics education for being able to create the best generation and condition in the future life, study on this issue is becoming a very crucial manner. In general, methods like discussion and dialogue are used to allow students to express themselves. However, cooperative learning in particular addresses many of the needs and concerns facing by educational systems and Team Game Tournament （TGT） method is one of the preferable methods of cooperative learning. This study was aiming to increase civics learning achievements by using cooperative learning based on TGT method on secondary school students of Jatisari of Indonesia. The action research procedure was also used so as to be able to evaluate the influent, impact, and result of TGT. Accordingly, cooperative learning with TGT method has successfully given positive contribution to increasing student learning civics achievement.

Interactions Between Knowledge Sharing and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Recently, researches toward the social and psychological structure of organizations have proliferated observably As the quality and quantity of these studies improve, the value of such issues gets more manifest. In this context, efforts toward making employees＇ knowledge, which is an indispensable value for organizations, accessible and efforts to make it available for work processes and social relations extend new behavioral patterns. Organizational citizenship behavior is an example of such patterns. This paper attempts to explain and discuss interactions between organizational citizenship behavior and knowledge sharing, which is reasoned to have a defining role over it, and to draw attention on the issue. Organizational knowledge sharing, the factors influential on it, and the relationships between the antecedents of organizational citizenship behavior and knowledge sharing are being dwelled upon conceptually

On the Three Themes of Heart of Darkness

Heart of Darkness is one of the masterpieces of Joseph Conrad （1857-1924）, which shows the author＇s great humanity and his unreserved horror at the crimes committed by the colonists and imperialists all over the world. This thesis tries to analyze its three themes： the Colonists＇ material essence, the dark side of human nature, and the disillusionment of civilization. Kurtz, the main character in the novel, is characterized by his greed for material gain and power. The dark side of human nature is reflected in Kurtz＇s cruel behavior towards the natives, his sense of superiority to the marginalized, and his dominance in discourse over the colonial people. Along with the colonists＇ crazy behaviors, there is disillusion with the modem civilization.

Communities and the Poetic Imaginary：A Folklore Essay on the Poetry of the Wild Project

Poetry of the Wild is an ongoing artistic and literary project that according to originator Ana Flores＇ conception, invites the public ＂out for a walk＂ to freshly experience their world through word, sound, and image. Inspired by birdhouse design, these unique configurations of ＂poetry boxes＂, combining art and poetry are located in various communal open spaces. Each new project solicits a public response from us all to become catalysts for exploring our environs and questioning how a sense of place informs our consciousness. A folkloristic perspective shapes this discussion about the many variations of this collaborative and public project of poetry boxes, installed on trails, in parks, along rivers, and in library stacks over the past ten years. The primary concerns of folklore interpretation such as tradition, identity, cultural creativity, performance, and narrative analysis, are just a few of the dynamics that can be teased out from investigating a project with such interesting cultural parameters. In this context, cultural sustainability and poetic sensibility deepen our understanding of sense of place, environmental aesthetics, shrine markers, and the scope of individual and communal creative action.

The Implications of Population Decline and Fiscal Austerity on Public Nature:Insights From the Evolution of Urban Park Management System in Japan

Facing challenges of population decline and fiscal austerity,Japan has implemented a series of initiatives to promote public-private partnerships(PPP)to ensure the sustainability of urban parks and revitalize urban spaces.These initiatives,while alleviating the government’s financial burdens on parks,have also raised concerns about the potential erosion of publicness and public interests resulted from the commercialization of public assets.This paper reviews the evolution of Japan’s urban park management system after World War II—including three phases of being purely public goods,initiating marketization,and diversifying management entities.The functions of parks have continuously enriched,and the construction,management,and operational modes have shifted from government-led towards multi-stakeholder participation,along with expanded funding sources.By examining the PPP types,driving forces,implementation mechanisms and challenges in urban park management,this paper points out that,in different eras and social contexts,the Japanese government has kept adjusting its role to maximize public interests.This has proactively updated the implications of publicness in infrastructure like urban parks,from a post-war opposite of publicness versus privateness on ownership,to the participation of private capital for a higher efficiency,and finally to a community for a stronger regional competitiveness.The reforms of urban park management system in Japan offer significant lessons and insights for urban infrastructure management in other countries and regions.