Coal preparation is an integral part of the coal commodity supply chain. This stage of post-mining, pre-utilization beneficiation uses low-cost separation technologies to remove unwanted mineral matter and moisture wh...Coal preparation is an integral part of the coal commodity supply chain. This stage of post-mining, pre-utilization beneficiation uses low-cost separation technologies to remove unwanted mineral matter and moisture which hinder the value of the coal product. Coal preparation plants typically employ several parallel circuits of cleaning and dewatering operations, with each circuit designed to optimally treat a specific size range of coal. Recent innovations in coal preparation have increased the efficiency and capac- ity of individual unit operations while reinforcing the standard parallel cleaning approach. This article, which describes the historical influences and state-of-the-art design for the various coal preparation unit operations, is organized to distinguish between coarse/intermediate coal cleaning and fine/ultrafine coal cleaning. Size reduction, screening, classification, cleaning, dewatering, waste disposal unit operations are particularly highlighted, with a special focus on the LI.S. design philosophy. Notable differences between the U.S. and international operations are described as appropriate.展开更多
A novel method to prepare macroporous TiO2 ceramic, based on membrane emulsification was reported.To solve the paradox between the instability of nonaqueous emulsion and long emulsification time required by themembran...A novel method to prepare macroporous TiO2 ceramic, based on membrane emulsification was reported.To solve the paradox between the instability of nonaqueous emulsion and long emulsification time required by themembrane emulsification, a two-stage ceramic membrane jet-flow emulsification .was. proposed. Discussion wasconducted on the evolution of droplet size with time, which followed the Ostwalcl npemng theory. And a monodispersed nonaqueous emulsion with an average droplet size of 1.6μm could beprepared. Using the emulsion, as atemplate, TiO2 ceramics with an average pore size ot 1.1 μm were obtaineed. Tne material could be prospectivelyused for preparation of catalysts, adsorbents, and membranes.展开更多
A new method of preparing silk fibroin (SF) solution used in the decterospinning was introduced in this paper. According to the method, SF was dissolved in the LiBr/CH2O2 solution directly at room temperature. The m...A new method of preparing silk fibroin (SF) solution used in the decterospinning was introduced in this paper. According to the method, SF was dissolved in the LiBr/CH2O2 solution directly at room temperature. The method was compared with the traditional method--SF was dissolved in CaCl2 ternary solution. The structure of SF films and the morphology of SF nanofibers were examined by attenuated total reflectance fourier transform intrared (ATR- FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical polarizing microscope. The result of this study shows that the new method is a faster, more convenient and high cfficieat way to get the SF solution and the characteristics of SF fiber made by the new metbod is much better.展开更多
The present study was conducted in four districts of Telangana State of India with 120 respondents in which 60 were members and other 60 were non-members of DCSs (Dairy Co-operative Societies)/MPIs (Milk Producer I...The present study was conducted in four districts of Telangana State of India with 120 respondents in which 60 were members and other 60 were non-members of DCSs (Dairy Co-operative Societies)/MPIs (Milk Producer Institutions). Constraints perceived in dairy farming and suggestions elicited by members and non-members were noted, tabulated and analyzed. The major constraints perceived by half or more than half of members were scarcity of water (91.67%), lack of green fodder (88.33%), preferring NS (natural service) than AI (Artificial Insemination) (83.33%), negligence in feeding pregnant and dry animals (81.37%), insufficient loan amount (78.33%), tendency to feed only grass and brans (71.67%), lack of availability of sufficient labour (70.00%), lack of remunerative price for milk (66.67%), high cost of feed (61.67%), lack of fodder conservation (55.00%) and high cost of animals (50.00%). Whereas major constraints perceived by non-members were scarcity of water (96.67%), lack of green fodder (93.33%), preferring NS than AI (88.33%), lack of availability of sufficient labour (85.00%), negligence in feeding pregnant and dry animals (83.33%), tendency to feed only grass and brans (78.33%), high cost of animals (75.00%), complex procedure for obtaining loans (71.67%) and high cost of feed (66.67%). Suggestions elicited by members majorly were providing subsidy for purchase of animals/providing loans on par with the cost of animal (81.67%), enhancing the procurement price (70.00%), providing more incentives (60.00%), encouraging calf rearing (58.33%) and conducting frequent animal health camps (50.00%). In case of non-members major suggestions elicited were conducting frequent animal health camps (68.33%) and providing subsidy on purchase of animals/providing loans on par with the cost of animal (58.33%). Considering the above constraints perceived and suggestions elicited by dairy farmers a proper linkage strategy should be developed among private and public sectors in providing need based services to the dairy farmers.展开更多
Food, cooking, and food-making places play a primordial role in the formation of cultural identity and community building. Using the example of Macanese food in Macao Special Administrative Region, this article discus...Food, cooking, and food-making places play a primordial role in the formation of cultural identity and community building. Using the example of Macanese food in Macao Special Administrative Region, this article discusses the transformation of Macanese food from everyday home food to the current status of cuisine in present-day Macanese society through the analysis of the perception of consumers and producers of Macanese food. The findings demonstrate the friction between Macanese food crafted by Macanese as part of an emergent "authentic" marker of Macanese identity and the commercial branding of Macanese food for tourist purposes.展开更多
Chemical Chamber of Commerce, a sub council of CCPIT and CCO- IC,was established in July 1990. In accordance with the Constitution and Tenet of CCPIT,CCPIT CHEM has been dedicating itself to promoting trade ex- change...Chemical Chamber of Commerce, a sub council of CCPIT and CCO- IC,was established in July 1990. In accordance with the Constitution and Tenet of CCPIT,CCPIT CHEM has been dedicating itself to promoting trade ex- change and economic &展开更多
In Spain, the historical context of the sixties was experienced as a particularly changing one. Gone were the post-war years, and with them the autarchy, poverty and famine, characteristics of that time. After a trans...In Spain, the historical context of the sixties was experienced as a particularly changing one. Gone were the post-war years, and with them the autarchy, poverty and famine, characteristics of that time. After a transitory fifties decade, the country entered a prosperous time, which is known as the develompentism sixties--desarrollismo. The franscoism itself promoted this change. Meanwhile, it became a mandatory to guide the population so the fostered modem life did not imply, among other issues, an abandonment of the traditional gender order. Popular cinema played a key role in that objective. Particularly tourism narratives had direct implications on the renewed way to understand gender identities. In this article we will approach two blockbusters, as representative examples of the mainstream films productions, through which analyse how masculinity and femininity were screened and considered.展开更多
Field studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of fluridone (PestanalR) for Phelipanche aegyptiaca control and the tolerance of potato cultivar to single or repeated foliar application of fluridone during 201...Field studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of fluridone (PestanalR) for Phelipanche aegyptiaca control and the tolerance of potato cultivar to single or repeated foliar application of fluridone during 2012 and 2013 growing seasons. Fluridone was sprayed on potato leaves at rates of l, 5, 10, 20 and 30 μM/ha. Each rate was tested for single and sequential application at 20 d and 35 d after potato emergence. Results indicated that fluridone at all the tested rates (single or sequential applications) significantly reduced Phelipanche infestation and shoot number compared to the control. Fluridone at 10 μM/ha reduced Phelipanche infestation by 99% when applied twice (20 d and 35 d after potato emergence). All tested rates except for fluridone at 30μM/ha (single or two applications) were selective in potato and had no negative effect on potato growth and yield as compared to the control.展开更多
Exod 23:10-12 enjoins Israel to keep both a seventh-year Sabbath and a seventh-day Sabbath. The juxtaposition of these two Sabbaths in the text suggests a connection between the Sabbath and ecology, since rest and no...Exod 23:10-12 enjoins Israel to keep both a seventh-year Sabbath and a seventh-day Sabbath. The juxtaposition of these two Sabbaths in the text suggests a connection between the Sabbath and ecology, since rest and nourishment are required both the land and its inhabitants (i.e., humans and beasts). This article exegetically analyzes Exod 23:10-12 and suggests some possible ecological implications. Accordingly, it is argued that while the biblical sabbatical year seems to have required a rest for the whole land--a practice which may seem impossible today--in modern times heavily cultivated portions of land could be allowed to lie fallow. Instead of overusing particular portions of land with the aid of agro-chemicals, farming systems such as land rotation could fruitfully be practiced. Such a practice may not only allow cultivable lands regain fertility, it may also contribute towards the sustenance of the wild including endangered species. This study may be particularly useful in the African context.展开更多
Research, performed by the authors proved that one of the most significant factors affecting the increase in flexibility and competitive ability of a firm is the conceptual, complex intra-plant standardization. The en...Research, performed by the authors proved that one of the most significant factors affecting the increase in flexibility and competitive ability of a firm is the conceptual, complex intra-plant standardization. The enterprise implementing the standardization is capable of flexible responding to customer's demands for the assortment, accelerates considerably research, and offers satisfactory delivery terms. That means the selection of types of the input factors and the method how to use them, the selection of working procedures and procedures of intermediary consumption, definition of the relations in the process of control, rational structure of the final products etc.. The permanent innovative atmosphere is presupposed.展开更多
Mexico forest tenure structure is known worldwide for its progressive approach of giving local communities full property rights to set a robust support to sustainable livelihoods in forested areas. Most forest areas i...Mexico forest tenure structure is known worldwide for its progressive approach of giving local communities full property rights to set a robust support to sustainable livelihoods in forested areas. Most forest areas in Mexico are owned by local communities either through the ejido, agrarian indigenous community or groups of small owners. In the last 30 years, many forest communities explored forest production at a commercial scale, creating their own communal forestry business and concurring to national markets with their timber and non-timber products. The socio-economical impacts of this approach were tremendous, steadily improving communities living standards. This success prompted rural organizations to ask the Mexican government to launch programs to expand the "community forestry" model. With international assistance from the World Bank and other agencies, the government of Mexico launched three different programs to foster forest commons: the Forest Conservation and Management Program, the Indigenous, Communities and Biodiversity Project and the Mexican part of the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor. Performance of these programs has been assessed through the World Bank evaluation framework, but the question about their environmental impact or even about their environmental sustainability and therefore their validity as national policies has been scantily explored and practically not debated. To contribute to answering these questions, the author made an extensive analysis of their impact over forest cover during the 2003-2008 period using land cover maps and correlated them with institutional development variables, building a social organization and collective action index (SOCAI), following Elinor Ostrom institutional analysis and development framework (lAD).展开更多
In the present study, we aimed to establish the 8th National Standard of Endotoxin using three batches of proposed National Standard of Endotoxin. We co-calibrated the potency of the proposed preparations against the ...In the present study, we aimed to establish the 8th National Standard of Endotoxin using three batches of proposed National Standard of Endotoxin. We co-calibrated the potency of the proposed preparations against the 3rd International Standard (10/178) using the gel-clot method, kinetic-turbidimetric test and kinetic-chromogenic test. A total of 14 laboratories participated in this collaborative study. By comparing precision of three approved candidates' calibration results and analyzing the differences among the three results from different methods, we ultimately selected one of candidates as 8th National Standard of Endotoxin, and its potency is 9000 EU/ampoule and lot is 150801-201601.展开更多
We define and study binary operations for homotopy groups with coefficients, and give conditions to prove that certain binary operations are the homomorphic image of the generalized Whitehead product. This allows carr...We define and study binary operations for homotopy groups with coefficients, and give conditions to prove that certain binary operations are the homomorphic image of the generalized Whitehead product. This allows carrying over properties of the generalized Whitehead product to these operations. We discuss two classes of binary operations, i.e., the Whitehead products and the torsion products. We also introduce a new class of operations called Ext operations and determine some of its properties. Then we compare the torsion product with the Whitehead product in a special case, and prove that the smash product of two Moore spaces has the homotopy type of a wedge of two Moore spaces.展开更多
In the context of agricultural globalization, many national governments have instituted policies, such as cooperative farming, to help farmers improve their profitability, competitiveness, and the sustainability of th...In the context of agricultural globalization, many national governments have instituted policies, such as cooperative farming, to help farmers improve their profitability, competitiveness, and the sustainability of their agricultural practices. This study focused on the Multi-Product Management Stabilization Plan developed in Japan in 2006, which aimed to adapt the agricultural practices in the country to globalization by focusing on cooperative farming, and assessed its effectiveness for developing and incorporating cooperative farming in the TShoku region in the 2000s. The results suggest that regional and prefectural agents experienced significant difficulties when attempting to develop cooperative farming. Although New Institutional Economics' theories suggest that these policies reflect the norms for developing agriculture more profitably and competitively, Japanese farmers did not regard the policies as relevant, practical, or sustainable, and they obstructed them.展开更多
文摘Coal preparation is an integral part of the coal commodity supply chain. This stage of post-mining, pre-utilization beneficiation uses low-cost separation technologies to remove unwanted mineral matter and moisture which hinder the value of the coal product. Coal preparation plants typically employ several parallel circuits of cleaning and dewatering operations, with each circuit designed to optimally treat a specific size range of coal. Recent innovations in coal preparation have increased the efficiency and capac- ity of individual unit operations while reinforcing the standard parallel cleaning approach. This article, which describes the historical influences and state-of-the-art design for the various coal preparation unit operations, is organized to distinguish between coarse/intermediate coal cleaning and fine/ultrafine coal cleaning. Size reduction, screening, classification, cleaning, dewatering, waste disposal unit operations are particularly highlighted, with a special focus on the LI.S. design philosophy. Notable differences between the U.S. and international operations are described as appropriate.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 program, No.2006AA03Z534), the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (No.20060400927), the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2003CB6157070), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20436030), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BK2006566), and Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds (No.0601023B).
文摘A novel method to prepare macroporous TiO2 ceramic, based on membrane emulsification was reported.To solve the paradox between the instability of nonaqueous emulsion and long emulsification time required by themembrane emulsification, a two-stage ceramic membrane jet-flow emulsification .was. proposed. Discussion wasconducted on the evolution of droplet size with time, which followed the Ostwalcl npemng theory. And a monodispersed nonaqueous emulsion with an average droplet size of 1.6μm could beprepared. Using the emulsion, as atemplate, TiO2 ceramics with an average pore size ot 1.1 μm were obtaineed. Tne material could be prospectivelyused for preparation of catalysts, adsorbents, and membranes.
基金National Natural Science Foundation (No.10602014)
文摘A new method of preparing silk fibroin (SF) solution used in the decterospinning was introduced in this paper. According to the method, SF was dissolved in the LiBr/CH2O2 solution directly at room temperature. The method was compared with the traditional method--SF was dissolved in CaCl2 ternary solution. The structure of SF films and the morphology of SF nanofibers were examined by attenuated total reflectance fourier transform intrared (ATR- FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical polarizing microscope. The result of this study shows that the new method is a faster, more convenient and high cfficieat way to get the SF solution and the characteristics of SF fiber made by the new metbod is much better.
文摘The present study was conducted in four districts of Telangana State of India with 120 respondents in which 60 were members and other 60 were non-members of DCSs (Dairy Co-operative Societies)/MPIs (Milk Producer Institutions). Constraints perceived in dairy farming and suggestions elicited by members and non-members were noted, tabulated and analyzed. The major constraints perceived by half or more than half of members were scarcity of water (91.67%), lack of green fodder (88.33%), preferring NS (natural service) than AI (Artificial Insemination) (83.33%), negligence in feeding pregnant and dry animals (81.37%), insufficient loan amount (78.33%), tendency to feed only grass and brans (71.67%), lack of availability of sufficient labour (70.00%), lack of remunerative price for milk (66.67%), high cost of feed (61.67%), lack of fodder conservation (55.00%) and high cost of animals (50.00%). Whereas major constraints perceived by non-members were scarcity of water (96.67%), lack of green fodder (93.33%), preferring NS than AI (88.33%), lack of availability of sufficient labour (85.00%), negligence in feeding pregnant and dry animals (83.33%), tendency to feed only grass and brans (78.33%), high cost of animals (75.00%), complex procedure for obtaining loans (71.67%) and high cost of feed (66.67%). Suggestions elicited by members majorly were providing subsidy for purchase of animals/providing loans on par with the cost of animal (81.67%), enhancing the procurement price (70.00%), providing more incentives (60.00%), encouraging calf rearing (58.33%) and conducting frequent animal health camps (50.00%). In case of non-members major suggestions elicited were conducting frequent animal health camps (68.33%) and providing subsidy on purchase of animals/providing loans on par with the cost of animal (58.33%). Considering the above constraints perceived and suggestions elicited by dairy farmers a proper linkage strategy should be developed among private and public sectors in providing need based services to the dairy farmers.
文摘Food, cooking, and food-making places play a primordial role in the formation of cultural identity and community building. Using the example of Macanese food in Macao Special Administrative Region, this article discusses the transformation of Macanese food from everyday home food to the current status of cuisine in present-day Macanese society through the analysis of the perception of consumers and producers of Macanese food. The findings demonstrate the friction between Macanese food crafted by Macanese as part of an emergent "authentic" marker of Macanese identity and the commercial branding of Macanese food for tourist purposes.
文摘Chemical Chamber of Commerce, a sub council of CCPIT and CCO- IC,was established in July 1990. In accordance with the Constitution and Tenet of CCPIT,CCPIT CHEM has been dedicating itself to promoting trade ex- change and economic &
文摘In Spain, the historical context of the sixties was experienced as a particularly changing one. Gone were the post-war years, and with them the autarchy, poverty and famine, characteristics of that time. After a transitory fifties decade, the country entered a prosperous time, which is known as the develompentism sixties--desarrollismo. The franscoism itself promoted this change. Meanwhile, it became a mandatory to guide the population so the fostered modem life did not imply, among other issues, an abandonment of the traditional gender order. Popular cinema played a key role in that objective. Particularly tourism narratives had direct implications on the renewed way to understand gender identities. In this article we will approach two blockbusters, as representative examples of the mainstream films productions, through which analyse how masculinity and femininity were screened and considered.
文摘Field studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of fluridone (PestanalR) for Phelipanche aegyptiaca control and the tolerance of potato cultivar to single or repeated foliar application of fluridone during 2012 and 2013 growing seasons. Fluridone was sprayed on potato leaves at rates of l, 5, 10, 20 and 30 μM/ha. Each rate was tested for single and sequential application at 20 d and 35 d after potato emergence. Results indicated that fluridone at all the tested rates (single or sequential applications) significantly reduced Phelipanche infestation and shoot number compared to the control. Fluridone at 10 μM/ha reduced Phelipanche infestation by 99% when applied twice (20 d and 35 d after potato emergence). All tested rates except for fluridone at 30μM/ha (single or two applications) were selective in potato and had no negative effect on potato growth and yield as compared to the control.
文摘Exod 23:10-12 enjoins Israel to keep both a seventh-year Sabbath and a seventh-day Sabbath. The juxtaposition of these two Sabbaths in the text suggests a connection between the Sabbath and ecology, since rest and nourishment are required both the land and its inhabitants (i.e., humans and beasts). This article exegetically analyzes Exod 23:10-12 and suggests some possible ecological implications. Accordingly, it is argued that while the biblical sabbatical year seems to have required a rest for the whole land--a practice which may seem impossible today--in modern times heavily cultivated portions of land could be allowed to lie fallow. Instead of overusing particular portions of land with the aid of agro-chemicals, farming systems such as land rotation could fruitfully be practiced. Such a practice may not only allow cultivable lands regain fertility, it may also contribute towards the sustenance of the wild including endangered species. This study may be particularly useful in the African context.
文摘Research, performed by the authors proved that one of the most significant factors affecting the increase in flexibility and competitive ability of a firm is the conceptual, complex intra-plant standardization. The enterprise implementing the standardization is capable of flexible responding to customer's demands for the assortment, accelerates considerably research, and offers satisfactory delivery terms. That means the selection of types of the input factors and the method how to use them, the selection of working procedures and procedures of intermediary consumption, definition of the relations in the process of control, rational structure of the final products etc.. The permanent innovative atmosphere is presupposed.
文摘Mexico forest tenure structure is known worldwide for its progressive approach of giving local communities full property rights to set a robust support to sustainable livelihoods in forested areas. Most forest areas in Mexico are owned by local communities either through the ejido, agrarian indigenous community or groups of small owners. In the last 30 years, many forest communities explored forest production at a commercial scale, creating their own communal forestry business and concurring to national markets with their timber and non-timber products. The socio-economical impacts of this approach were tremendous, steadily improving communities living standards. This success prompted rural organizations to ask the Mexican government to launch programs to expand the "community forestry" model. With international assistance from the World Bank and other agencies, the government of Mexico launched three different programs to foster forest commons: the Forest Conservation and Management Program, the Indigenous, Communities and Biodiversity Project and the Mexican part of the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor. Performance of these programs has been assessed through the World Bank evaluation framework, but the question about their environmental impact or even about their environmental sustainability and therefore their validity as national policies has been scantily explored and practically not debated. To contribute to answering these questions, the author made an extensive analysis of their impact over forest cover during the 2003-2008 period using land cover maps and correlated them with institutional development variables, building a social organization and collective action index (SOCAI), following Elinor Ostrom institutional analysis and development framework (lAD).
文摘In the present study, we aimed to establish the 8th National Standard of Endotoxin using three batches of proposed National Standard of Endotoxin. We co-calibrated the potency of the proposed preparations against the 3rd International Standard (10/178) using the gel-clot method, kinetic-turbidimetric test and kinetic-chromogenic test. A total of 14 laboratories participated in this collaborative study. By comparing precision of three approved candidates' calibration results and analyzing the differences among the three results from different methods, we ultimately selected one of candidates as 8th National Standard of Endotoxin, and its potency is 9000 EU/ampoule and lot is 150801-201601.
文摘We define and study binary operations for homotopy groups with coefficients, and give conditions to prove that certain binary operations are the homomorphic image of the generalized Whitehead product. This allows carrying over properties of the generalized Whitehead product to these operations. We discuss two classes of binary operations, i.e., the Whitehead products and the torsion products. We also introduce a new class of operations called Ext operations and determine some of its properties. Then we compare the torsion product with the Whitehead product in a special case, and prove that the smash product of two Moore spaces has the homotopy type of a wedge of two Moore spaces.
基金The Center for Japanese Studies at the University of Hawai`i at Mānoa funded this research
文摘In the context of agricultural globalization, many national governments have instituted policies, such as cooperative farming, to help farmers improve their profitability, competitiveness, and the sustainability of their agricultural practices. This study focused on the Multi-Product Management Stabilization Plan developed in Japan in 2006, which aimed to adapt the agricultural practices in the country to globalization by focusing on cooperative farming, and assessed its effectiveness for developing and incorporating cooperative farming in the TShoku region in the 2000s. The results suggest that regional and prefectural agents experienced significant difficulties when attempting to develop cooperative farming. Although New Institutional Economics' theories suggest that these policies reflect the norms for developing agriculture more profitably and competitively, Japanese farmers did not regard the policies as relevant, practical, or sustainable, and they obstructed them.