Hangjiao Hongfeng is a new hot pepper F1 hybrid cultivar which is bred with the cytoplasmic male sterile line 11066 AH as the female parent and the restoringline 11044 CH as the male parent. Its fruit is early-mid mat...Hangjiao Hongfeng is a new hot pepper F1 hybrid cultivar which is bred with the cytoplasmic male sterile line 11066 AH as the female parent and the restoringline 11044 CH as the male parent. Its fruit is early-mid maturing and in the shape of a long finger.The immature fruit is in dark-green and mature fruit is in dark-red.The average length, width and flesh thickness are 15.7, 1.9 and 0.17 cm, respectively. The yield of dry pepper is 6 750 kg/hm^2. The average contents of Vc, soluble solid and dry matter are 1.30 mg/g, 10%, and 14% respectively. The cultivar has good resistance to pepper blight, viral disease and anthracnose. It shows strong tolerance to heat, water logging and drought. It is suitable for spring field cultivation in Gansu, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia.展开更多
One can see often in explanations of encyclopedia or lexicons of philosophy that Plato manifested primarily the absolute Idealism, whereas Aristotle verified antagonistically the relevance of realism. It is easy to pi...One can see often in explanations of encyclopedia or lexicons of philosophy that Plato manifested primarily the absolute Idealism, whereas Aristotle verified antagonistically the relevance of realism. It is easy to pick up several parts of their representative works and prove that this thesis is corresponded to the original of Plato and Aristotle. But, in reflections of philosophy, we should not ignore a cautious view, focused just on this starting point： If the above mentioned thesis is used like a slogan, ＂Plato for idealism, Aristotle for realism,＂ as it often is, in the meantime there arises a dogmatic position which fixes our mental and intellectual activity only within the frame, so that everyone begins to reflect on Plato or Aristotle from that starting point in a certain framework. A critical and self-critical view of philosophy may bring this position for a query.展开更多
Translation, or interpretive and language code conversion of the text, is considered as an independent complex type of speech activity which consists of such stages as perception, understanding and interpretation of t...Translation, or interpretive and language code conversion of the text, is considered as an independent complex type of speech activity which consists of such stages as perception, understanding and interpretation of the foreign-language text and actual translation, that is selection of language means for the expression of the interpretive version of the original. Considerable attention is paid nowadays to the translations of works of such literary genre as literary fairy tale. Fairy tale is a type of prosaic folklore, which is met in the folklore of various peoples. Not only have literary fairy tales grown on the basis of folklore, but they also inherited its genre characteristics, developing and transforming them. Translation as an interpretive conversion of the text is considered within the concept ＂secondary text＂. The conspicuous feature of secondary texts is the double reference of the word： to its own culture referent and to a foreign culture referent. The secondary text cannot be completely understood and appreciated without its reference to ＂the second plane＂. Subjected to analysis are the problems of preserving original pragrnatics in secondary texts. The challenge of national fairy tales translation lies in the discrepancy of cultural concepts of the two nations and in considerable distinctions between the characters of Russian and British national fairy tales. The traditions of Russian national culture and the consistency of grammatical gender expression in the Russian language lead to gender shifts in the translation of English literary fairy tales.展开更多
Shakespeare has been studied from many perspectives so far. However, his language style used in his literary works is still worth studying. First of all, this study explores changing sense of emblem and emblem languag...Shakespeare has been studied from many perspectives so far. However, his language style used in his literary works is still worth studying. First of all, this study explores changing sense of emblem and emblem language comparing Shakespeare＇s era and today. Secondly, it puts stress on the effects of emblem traditions on Shakespeare. Lastly, this article aims to shed light on his emblematical language in his Midsummer Night＇s Dream, which is one of his most leading works in terms of having highly visible emblematical interpretations.展开更多
In this paper, I will explore Aphra Behn＇s world： spy, kept mistress and writer. She created her complex personality between myth and reality, underlining limits and contradictions of her society in her life and wor...In this paper, I will explore Aphra Behn＇s world： spy, kept mistress and writer. She created her complex personality between myth and reality, underlining limits and contradictions of her society in her life and works. In a world where woman had to be obedient she turned upside down a strict system, while remaining loyal to male libertinism. I will sketch out a brief outline of her life and works. She plays her role, assuming different positions, such as her masculine poetic gift and the labelled role of whore. This gave her access to the little but exciting world of women＇s literature. She constructed the image of the whore, becoming trader of herself. In doing this, she gained a place in society.展开更多
＂Variations＂ is one of the main musical forms in compositional process. Johannes Brahms is one of the most important Romantic composers that used this form. Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel, Op. 24, （Op. 2...＂Variations＂ is one of the main musical forms in compositional process. Johannes Brahms is one of the most important Romantic composers that used this form. Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel, Op. 24, （Op. 24, 1862） is a piece that Johannes Brahms wrote for solo piano in a highly creative style, which was classically arranged. Brahms took the theme from an aria in George Frederic Handel＇s Harpsichord Suite in B-flat major, HWV 434 （1733）. In Handel＇s work, the original theme was turned into five variations. With the purpose of exploring chromatic possibilities after the piano was developed from harpsichord, Brahms made 25 magnificent variations with an extensive fugue in his work. The purpose of this work is to prepare an explanatory document for pianists who intend to perform this piece and who are not familiar with such work. Also, it is hoped that piano performers will find explanatory points in this composition （e.g., stylistic characteristics） through comparisons with his other variations and start performing it more frequently展开更多
This paper analyzed the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and new product development perlormance based on the perspective of knowledge creation process. Through a questionnaire survey, we found that en...This paper analyzed the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and new product development perlormance based on the perspective of knowledge creation process. Through a questionnaire survey, we found that entrepreneurial orientation is positively related to new product performance, and knowledge creation process plays a mediating role in this relationship. This article examines the role of entrepreneurial orientation on new product innovation performance in Chinese situations, and it is the first time to check the intermediary functions on each dimension of knowledge test between entrepreneurial orientation and new product development performance.展开更多
For separating some specific four component mixtures into four products, the four-product dividing wall column(FPDWC) with two partition walls can provide the same utility consumption with the extended Petlyuk configu...For separating some specific four component mixtures into four products, the four-product dividing wall column(FPDWC) with two partition walls can provide the same utility consumption with the extended Petlyuk configuration, although with structure simplicity. However, the reluctance to implement this kind of four product dividing wall column industrially also consists in the two uncontrollable vapor splits associated with it. The vapor split ratios are set at the design stage and might not be the optimal value for changed feed composition, thus minimum energy consumption could not be ensured. In the present work, a sequential iterative optimization approach was initially employed to determine the parameters of cost-effective FPDWC. Then the effect of maintaining the vapor split ratios at their nominal value on the energy penalty was investigated for the FPDWC with two partition walls, in case of feed composition disturbance. The result shows that no more than + 2% above the optimal energy requirements could be ensured for 20% feed composition disturbances, which is encouraging for industrial implementation.展开更多
In Spain, the historical context of the sixties was experienced as a particularly changing one. Gone were the post-war years, and with them the autarchy, poverty and famine, characteristics of that time. After a trans...In Spain, the historical context of the sixties was experienced as a particularly changing one. Gone were the post-war years, and with them the autarchy, poverty and famine, characteristics of that time. After a transitory fifties decade, the country entered a prosperous time, which is known as the develompentism sixties--desarrollismo. The franscoism itself promoted this change. Meanwhile, it became a mandatory to guide the population so the fostered modem life did not imply, among other issues, an abandonment of the traditional gender order. Popular cinema played a key role in that objective. Particularly tourism narratives had direct implications on the renewed way to understand gender identities. In this article we will approach two blockbusters, as representative examples of the mainstream films productions, through which analyse how masculinity and femininity were screened and considered.展开更多
Phytoremediation is a relatively new approach in remediating ecosystems contaminated by ecotoxic pollutants such as herbicides or heavy metals and especially cadmium （Cd）. Certain indicators of phytoremediation, as ...Phytoremediation is a relatively new approach in remediating ecosystems contaminated by ecotoxic pollutants such as herbicides or heavy metals and especially cadmium （Cd）. Certain indicators of phytoremediation, as plant growth, tolerance to Cd, and uptake, transfer factor （TF） and percent removal of Cd, were studied for 11 crops and 8 weed species in soil with varying levels of Cd （0-240 mg Cd kg＂ soil） under controlled environment. Cadmium accumulated mainly in roots （51%-86%, depending on the species）, while a 14%-49% was transferred to shoots （except for four species） the concentration being positively related to Cd level in soil. Highest concentration in the above ground plant part was measured in sugarbeets （41-101 mg Cd kg-1 DW） followed by Bromus sterilis （75）, Eruca sativa （32-82）, Cichorium intibus （35-80）, and maize （60 mg Cd kgl）. Based on the results it is concluded that sugarbeets, maize, C. intibus, B. sterilis, E. sativa, Apium graveolens, and Vicia sativa seem to have a potential in remediating Cd contaminated soils.展开更多
This paper sheds light on the Iraqi personality in light of writings of the Iraqi eminent sociologist Dr. Ali Al-Wardi and gives a critical review to his main findings and hypotheses. Al-Wardi was the main person who ...This paper sheds light on the Iraqi personality in light of writings of the Iraqi eminent sociologist Dr. Ali Al-Wardi and gives a critical review to his main findings and hypotheses. Al-Wardi was the main person who established the first department of sociology in Iraq and the spiritual father or the real father of sociology in the country. He wrote prestigious works about the Iraqi society including some hypotheses focusing on the Iraqi personality, such as the dual personality and social dissonance. These findings and hypotheses are not above criticism of course. The method we depend on here is the content analysis methodology. The paper consists of seven parts; part one is the introduction which includes a short glimpse on the subject and A1-Wardi＇s methodology. Part two deals with Al-Wardi and studying Iraqi personality. Part three, discusses the dual personality, and part four, the social dissonance. Part five, exposures tackling the problem where Al-Wardi suggests some points. Part six deals with the discussion. Finally, there is a conclusion under the part seven.展开更多
Musical analysis enables us to study the various elements of a musical work, for example texture, m dynamics, or harmony （including tonality）. Thanks to musical analysis we are able to trace the compos technique, or...Musical analysis enables us to study the various elements of a musical work, for example texture, m dynamics, or harmony （including tonality）. Thanks to musical analysis we are able to trace the compos technique, or assess the artistic value of given work. In addition to traditional, descriptive methods of e it ody, onal music analysis, we can observe in 20th century the development of methods based on science （mathematics, otherwise statistics）. Such methodologies allow us to obtain a strict understanding of the structure of musical pieces Applying mathematical methods for musical analysis seems very reasonable in relation to the output of Frederic Chopin, due to large originality of the elements of musical pieces of this composer. Present paper was written as a result of research related to the applying of numerical method of analysis for exploring the tonal structure of Chopin＇s works. The author＇s research method enables a strict analysis of the chord＇s domination that can be classified under given key （range）--taking into consideration the harmonic functions. By the method of analysis we can get charts that depict whole diatonic vertical music material of the given piece. The main objective of the present study is to describe observations on the high uniqueness in the tonal construction of selected Chopin＇s mazurkas, especially, when compared to the miniatures of other composers of the first half of the 19th century and previously analyzed Chopin＇s pieces： etudes, preludes, and songs.展开更多
Heathcliff and Chillingworth are the two typical satan type heroes among literature works. To some extent, their revenge is similar, but there are also differences. However, there are few comparisons between the two h...Heathcliff and Chillingworth are the two typical satan type heroes among literature works. To some extent, their revenge is similar, but there are also differences. However, there are few comparisons between the two heroes from the perspective of romanticism. From the analysis of the author＇s living background and their literary genre of the two works, the paper will analyse the reasons why Heathcliff and Chillingworth want to revenge, and reflect their similarities and differences in terms of their character, means, ending, and so on. The paper will analyse the two heroes by using the methods of literature data collection, text comparison and induction, and come to a conclusion that the romanticism carried by the two authors is influential in shaping the two satan type heroes. Thus to gain more details about the similarities of the two cruel revenger, and the differences of their individuality and different ways of revenge.展开更多
We investigate the evolution of cooperation with evolutionary public goods games based on finite populations, where four pure strategies： cooperators, defectors, punishers and loners who are unwilling to participate ...We investigate the evolution of cooperation with evolutionary public goods games based on finite populations, where four pure strategies： cooperators, defectors, punishers and loners who are unwilling to participate are considered. By adopting approximate best response dynamics, we show that the magnitude of rationality not only quantitatively explains the experiment results in [Nature （London） 425 （2003） 390], but also it will heavily influence the evolution of cooperation. Compared with previous results of infinite populations, which result in two equilibriums, we show that there merely exists a special equilibrium cooperation. In addition, we characterize that loner＇s and the relevant high value of bounded rationality will sustain payoff plays an active role in the maintenance of cooperation, which will only be warranted for the low and moderate values of loner＇s payoff. It thus indicates the effects of rationality and loner＇s payoff will influence the cooperation. Finally, we highlight the important result that the introduction of voluntary participation and punishment will facilitate cooperation greatly.展开更多
In the construction sector, which is one of the major goals of the new economy, the company is aiming at a new constructive practice and upgrading of the built, using ICT （information and communications technology） ...In the construction sector, which is one of the major goals of the new economy, the company is aiming at a new constructive practice and upgrading of the built, using ICT （information and communications technology） technologies. So the focus is on new operating and organizational models of sustainable building processes in the architecture, engineering and construction sectors, which are based on three-dimensional models of digital technology BIM （building information modeling）. It is intended as a human activity that improves building workflows and, through software and IFACs （industry foundation classes）, manages flexibility, coordinates and optimizes operational choices on time, economic, and environmental sustainability parameters. The goal is a new interoperable building process that involves designers, contractors and businesses from programming to lifecycle building and maintenance through the integrated project delivery of the building. Dynamic architectures, interactive with efficient technological and constructive systems, are integrated with innovative products of complex nature and bi-directional performance, engineered, with energy storage and renewable resources. The methodologies are based, above all, on the adoption of BIM technologies with the digital project manager and the use of robotic technological tools. Digitization is applied for the design and construction of architectural and infrastructure artifacts, in interaction with intelligent, adaptive, nanotechnical and user-friendly materials and climate. The results are aimed at efficient buildings with user comfort and safety, accuracy, and risk monitoring with remote monitoring, highlighting VDC （visual design construction） in CID （computational intelligent design）.展开更多
基金Supported by the Program of Gansu Province Aerospace Engineering Biology Breeding Key Laboratory(139RTSE033)~~
文摘Hangjiao Hongfeng is a new hot pepper F1 hybrid cultivar which is bred with the cytoplasmic male sterile line 11066 AH as the female parent and the restoringline 11044 CH as the male parent. Its fruit is early-mid maturing and in the shape of a long finger.The immature fruit is in dark-green and mature fruit is in dark-red.The average length, width and flesh thickness are 15.7, 1.9 and 0.17 cm, respectively. The yield of dry pepper is 6 750 kg/hm^2. The average contents of Vc, soluble solid and dry matter are 1.30 mg/g, 10%, and 14% respectively. The cultivar has good resistance to pepper blight, viral disease and anthracnose. It shows strong tolerance to heat, water logging and drought. It is suitable for spring field cultivation in Gansu, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia.
文摘One can see often in explanations of encyclopedia or lexicons of philosophy that Plato manifested primarily the absolute Idealism, whereas Aristotle verified antagonistically the relevance of realism. It is easy to pick up several parts of their representative works and prove that this thesis is corresponded to the original of Plato and Aristotle. But, in reflections of philosophy, we should not ignore a cautious view, focused just on this starting point： If the above mentioned thesis is used like a slogan, ＂Plato for idealism, Aristotle for realism,＂ as it often is, in the meantime there arises a dogmatic position which fixes our mental and intellectual activity only within the frame, so that everyone begins to reflect on Plato or Aristotle from that starting point in a certain framework. A critical and self-critical view of philosophy may bring this position for a query.
文摘Translation, or interpretive and language code conversion of the text, is considered as an independent complex type of speech activity which consists of such stages as perception, understanding and interpretation of the foreign-language text and actual translation, that is selection of language means for the expression of the interpretive version of the original. Considerable attention is paid nowadays to the translations of works of such literary genre as literary fairy tale. Fairy tale is a type of prosaic folklore, which is met in the folklore of various peoples. Not only have literary fairy tales grown on the basis of folklore, but they also inherited its genre characteristics, developing and transforming them. Translation as an interpretive conversion of the text is considered within the concept ＂secondary text＂. The conspicuous feature of secondary texts is the double reference of the word： to its own culture referent and to a foreign culture referent. The secondary text cannot be completely understood and appreciated without its reference to ＂the second plane＂. Subjected to analysis are the problems of preserving original pragrnatics in secondary texts. The challenge of national fairy tales translation lies in the discrepancy of cultural concepts of the two nations and in considerable distinctions between the characters of Russian and British national fairy tales. The traditions of Russian national culture and the consistency of grammatical gender expression in the Russian language lead to gender shifts in the translation of English literary fairy tales.
文摘Shakespeare has been studied from many perspectives so far. However, his language style used in his literary works is still worth studying. First of all, this study explores changing sense of emblem and emblem language comparing Shakespeare＇s era and today. Secondly, it puts stress on the effects of emblem traditions on Shakespeare. Lastly, this article aims to shed light on his emblematical language in his Midsummer Night＇s Dream, which is one of his most leading works in terms of having highly visible emblematical interpretations.
文摘In this paper, I will explore Aphra Behn＇s world： spy, kept mistress and writer. She created her complex personality between myth and reality, underlining limits and contradictions of her society in her life and works. In a world where woman had to be obedient she turned upside down a strict system, while remaining loyal to male libertinism. I will sketch out a brief outline of her life and works. She plays her role, assuming different positions, such as her masculine poetic gift and the labelled role of whore. This gave her access to the little but exciting world of women＇s literature. She constructed the image of the whore, becoming trader of herself. In doing this, she gained a place in society.
文摘＂Variations＂ is one of the main musical forms in compositional process. Johannes Brahms is one of the most important Romantic composers that used this form. Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel, Op. 24, （Op. 24, 1862） is a piece that Johannes Brahms wrote for solo piano in a highly creative style, which was classically arranged. Brahms took the theme from an aria in George Frederic Handel＇s Harpsichord Suite in B-flat major, HWV 434 （1733）. In Handel＇s work, the original theme was turned into five variations. With the purpose of exploring chromatic possibilities after the piano was developed from harpsichord, Brahms made 25 magnificent variations with an extensive fugue in his work. The purpose of this work is to prepare an explanatory document for pianists who intend to perform this piece and who are not familiar with such work. Also, it is hoped that piano performers will find explanatory points in this composition （e.g., stylistic characteristics） through comparisons with his other variations and start performing it more frequently
文摘This paper analyzed the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and new product development perlormance based on the perspective of knowledge creation process. Through a questionnaire survey, we found that entrepreneurial orientation is positively related to new product performance, and knowledge creation process plays a mediating role in this relationship. This article examines the role of entrepreneurial orientation on new product innovation performance in Chinese situations, and it is the first time to check the intermediary functions on each dimension of knowledge test between entrepreneurial orientation and new product development performance.
基金Supported by Open Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering(SKL-ChE-16B06)Yangtze Scholars and Innovative Research Team in Chinese University(IRT-17R81)
文摘For separating some specific four component mixtures into four products, the four-product dividing wall column(FPDWC) with two partition walls can provide the same utility consumption with the extended Petlyuk configuration, although with structure simplicity. However, the reluctance to implement this kind of four product dividing wall column industrially also consists in the two uncontrollable vapor splits associated with it. The vapor split ratios are set at the design stage and might not be the optimal value for changed feed composition, thus minimum energy consumption could not be ensured. In the present work, a sequential iterative optimization approach was initially employed to determine the parameters of cost-effective FPDWC. Then the effect of maintaining the vapor split ratios at their nominal value on the energy penalty was investigated for the FPDWC with two partition walls, in case of feed composition disturbance. The result shows that no more than + 2% above the optimal energy requirements could be ensured for 20% feed composition disturbances, which is encouraging for industrial implementation.
文摘In Spain, the historical context of the sixties was experienced as a particularly changing one. Gone were the post-war years, and with them the autarchy, poverty and famine, characteristics of that time. After a transitory fifties decade, the country entered a prosperous time, which is known as the develompentism sixties--desarrollismo. The franscoism itself promoted this change. Meanwhile, it became a mandatory to guide the population so the fostered modem life did not imply, among other issues, an abandonment of the traditional gender order. Popular cinema played a key role in that objective. Particularly tourism narratives had direct implications on the renewed way to understand gender identities. In this article we will approach two blockbusters, as representative examples of the mainstream films productions, through which analyse how masculinity and femininity were screened and considered.
文摘Phytoremediation is a relatively new approach in remediating ecosystems contaminated by ecotoxic pollutants such as herbicides or heavy metals and especially cadmium （Cd）. Certain indicators of phytoremediation, as plant growth, tolerance to Cd, and uptake, transfer factor （TF） and percent removal of Cd, were studied for 11 crops and 8 weed species in soil with varying levels of Cd （0-240 mg Cd kg＂ soil） under controlled environment. Cadmium accumulated mainly in roots （51%-86%, depending on the species）, while a 14%-49% was transferred to shoots （except for four species） the concentration being positively related to Cd level in soil. Highest concentration in the above ground plant part was measured in sugarbeets （41-101 mg Cd kg-1 DW） followed by Bromus sterilis （75）, Eruca sativa （32-82）, Cichorium intibus （35-80）, and maize （60 mg Cd kgl）. Based on the results it is concluded that sugarbeets, maize, C. intibus, B. sterilis, E. sativa, Apium graveolens, and Vicia sativa seem to have a potential in remediating Cd contaminated soils.
文摘This paper sheds light on the Iraqi personality in light of writings of the Iraqi eminent sociologist Dr. Ali Al-Wardi and gives a critical review to his main findings and hypotheses. Al-Wardi was the main person who established the first department of sociology in Iraq and the spiritual father or the real father of sociology in the country. He wrote prestigious works about the Iraqi society including some hypotheses focusing on the Iraqi personality, such as the dual personality and social dissonance. These findings and hypotheses are not above criticism of course. The method we depend on here is the content analysis methodology. The paper consists of seven parts; part one is the introduction which includes a short glimpse on the subject and A1-Wardi＇s methodology. Part two deals with Al-Wardi and studying Iraqi personality. Part three, discusses the dual personality, and part four, the social dissonance. Part five, exposures tackling the problem where Al-Wardi suggests some points. Part six deals with the discussion. Finally, there is a conclusion under the part seven.
文摘Musical analysis enables us to study the various elements of a musical work, for example texture, m dynamics, or harmony （including tonality）. Thanks to musical analysis we are able to trace the compos technique, or assess the artistic value of given work. In addition to traditional, descriptive methods of e it ody, onal music analysis, we can observe in 20th century the development of methods based on science （mathematics, otherwise statistics）. Such methodologies allow us to obtain a strict understanding of the structure of musical pieces Applying mathematical methods for musical analysis seems very reasonable in relation to the output of Frederic Chopin, due to large originality of the elements of musical pieces of this composer. Present paper was written as a result of research related to the applying of numerical method of analysis for exploring the tonal structure of Chopin＇s works. The author＇s research method enables a strict analysis of the chord＇s domination that can be classified under given key （range）--taking into consideration the harmonic functions. By the method of analysis we can get charts that depict whole diatonic vertical music material of the given piece. The main objective of the present study is to describe observations on the high uniqueness in the tonal construction of selected Chopin＇s mazurkas, especially, when compared to the miniatures of other composers of the first half of the 19th century and previously analyzed Chopin＇s pieces： etudes, preludes, and songs.
文摘Heathcliff and Chillingworth are the two typical satan type heroes among literature works. To some extent, their revenge is similar, but there are also differences. However, there are few comparisons between the two heroes from the perspective of romanticism. From the analysis of the author＇s living background and their literary genre of the two works, the paper will analyse the reasons why Heathcliff and Chillingworth want to revenge, and reflect their similarities and differences in terms of their character, means, ending, and so on. The paper will analyse the two heroes by using the methods of literature data collection, text comparison and induction, and come to a conclusion that the romanticism carried by the two authors is influential in shaping the two satan type heroes. Thus to gain more details about the similarities of the two cruel revenger, and the differences of their individuality and different ways of revenge.
基金Supported by National Nature Science Foundation under Grant No.60904063the Tianjin municipal Natural Science Foundation under Grant Nos.11JCYBJC06600,11ZCKF6X00900,11ZCKFGX00900
文摘We investigate the evolution of cooperation with evolutionary public goods games based on finite populations, where four pure strategies： cooperators, defectors, punishers and loners who are unwilling to participate are considered. By adopting approximate best response dynamics, we show that the magnitude of rationality not only quantitatively explains the experiment results in [Nature （London） 425 （2003） 390], but also it will heavily influence the evolution of cooperation. Compared with previous results of infinite populations, which result in two equilibriums, we show that there merely exists a special equilibrium cooperation. In addition, we characterize that loner＇s and the relevant high value of bounded rationality will sustain payoff plays an active role in the maintenance of cooperation, which will only be warranted for the low and moderate values of loner＇s payoff. It thus indicates the effects of rationality and loner＇s payoff will influence the cooperation. Finally, we highlight the important result that the introduction of voluntary participation and punishment will facilitate cooperation greatly.
文摘In the construction sector, which is one of the major goals of the new economy, the company is aiming at a new constructive practice and upgrading of the built, using ICT （information and communications technology） technologies. So the focus is on new operating and organizational models of sustainable building processes in the architecture, engineering and construction sectors, which are based on three-dimensional models of digital technology BIM （building information modeling）. It is intended as a human activity that improves building workflows and, through software and IFACs （industry foundation classes）, manages flexibility, coordinates and optimizes operational choices on time, economic, and environmental sustainability parameters. The goal is a new interoperable building process that involves designers, contractors and businesses from programming to lifecycle building and maintenance through the integrated project delivery of the building. Dynamic architectures, interactive with efficient technological and constructive systems, are integrated with innovative products of complex nature and bi-directional performance, engineered, with energy storage and renewable resources. The methodologies are based, above all, on the adoption of BIM technologies with the digital project manager and the use of robotic technological tools. Digitization is applied for the design and construction of architectural and infrastructure artifacts, in interaction with intelligent, adaptive, nanotechnical and user-friendly materials and climate. The results are aimed at efficient buildings with user comfort and safety, accuracy, and risk monitoring with remote monitoring, highlighting VDC （visual design construction） in CID （computational intelligent design）.
