一种弯曲型压电堆作动器的设计及在振动控制中的应用

提出一种弯曲型压电堆作动器并将其应用于悬臂梁主动振动控制中。新型作动器由一个压电堆和一个型金属底座和一个预压螺钉组成。该作动器的通过底座对压电堆纵向变形的约束而使底座弯曲变形产生作动弯矩。推导了新型作动器的输出作动弯矩计算公式,并将其应用于悬臂梁振动控制中,采用热弹比拟方法结合状态空间理论建立了带新型压电作动器的悬臂梁振动控制系统状态空间方程。分别应用正位置反馈和神经网络预测控制方法设计了主动振动控制系统。闭环仿真结果表明,采用所提出的新型压电堆作动器控制悬臂梁的一弯模态位移响应,应用PPF控制其幅值可降低57%,应用NNP控制其幅值可降低92%。

压电堆作动器微振动控制平台控制效果评估与控制力效率分析

微振动控制平台可安装在楼层上来消减源自地面的振动,在振动控制实验中,地面的激励无法复现,使用实验中测得的地面激励,计算隔振平台与楼层固连情况下的响应,用计算和实测平台响应的速度谱评价振动控制效果;根据实测的结构响应和压电堆作动器的力平衡方程计算作动器的实际输出力,与实测数据的对比表明,所用方法可较好地模拟作动器输出力;对比作动器输出的有效控制力和产生的电场力,讨论作动器控制力的效率。

基于压电叠堆惯性作动器的随机振动控制研究

本文主要研究了基于压电叠堆惯性作动器的随机振动控制方法并分析了控制力时滞对控制效果的影响规律。首先,对压电叠堆惯性作动器的动力学特性进行分析,建立了考虑惯性作动器动力学的主结构的随机动力学模型;接着,提出主结构随机振动'线性'二次高斯控制(linear quadratic Gaussian,LQG)方法,并探讨了作动器惯性质量和刚度等对控制效果的影响规律;最后,研究了控制力时滞对控制效果的影响,并提出了利用时滞优化控制效果的方法。研究结果表明,压电叠堆惯性作动器对结构的随机振动具有较好的控制效果,当控制时滞时间τ=0.025 s时控制效果可以得到进一步优化。

压电叠堆作动器率相关迟滞非线性建模研究

针对压电叠堆作动器的率相关迟滞非线性特性,该文提出了一种基于asymmetric unilateral backlash(aubacklash)算子的BP神经网络率相关迟滞建模方法。首先提出了改进的aubacklash算子,改善了Prandtl-Ishlinskii(PI)模型backlash算子在原点处残余位移及严格中心对称的问题;其次分析了压电叠堆作动器迟滞的率相关记忆特性,提出了率相关BP神经网络迟滞模型;最后搭建了迟滞建模精度评估系统,采用Levenberg-Marquardt(L-M)算法辨识aubacklash算子模型参数,确定了BP神经网络模型最优结构参数。实验结果表明,在高、低单一频率及混合频率下,BP神经网络模型较PI模型均方误差降低了70.90%~89.98%,相对误差降低了70.69%~89.84%,验证了该模型的精度与频率适应性。

橡胶压电堆隔振系统参数最优化反馈控制

为了减小振动对飞行器上仪器的影响,设计了一种橡胶和压电堆相结合的主被动一体化隔振器,提出了一种基于遗传算法并考虑系统稳定性的反馈参数优化方法,并对该系统的隔振效果进行实验验证。建立了该隔振器结构的动力学模型,通过实验对橡胶和压电堆进行参数识别。以系统的振动传递率为目标函数,考虑控制系统的稳定性,以稳定条件作为约束条件,应用遗传算法得到最优化的速度反馈控制参数。搭建实验平台并采用最优化的控制方法进行隔振控制实验。实验结果表明,主被动一体化隔振系统比单纯的被动隔振系统隔振效果好,而且在共振点附近减振效果最好。

压电堆式JG型复合隔振器结构设计与实验研究

复合式隔振器由剪切型橡胶隔振器与惯性式压电堆作动器组合而成,复合式隔振器结合主被动隔振器的优点,将主动构件与被动装置串联、并联,不仅可提高主动构件的稳定性,还能拓展被动隔振的有效频带。通过理论与实验方法对惯性式压电堆作动器的工作原理与动力学特性进行分析,利用所设计的压电堆式JG型复合式隔振器搭建双层隔振台架,采用滤波x-LMS自适应算法对台架进行主动控制。结果表明,在单频正弦激励下压电堆式JG型复合隔振器比单纯被动隔振装置具有更好隔振效果,80 Hz、90 Hz和110 Hz处隔振效果分别提高15 dB、16 dB和15 dB。

压电堆-橡胶组合隔振器的设计及实验研究

针对航天飞行器敏感仪器的精密隔振要求,提出了一种小尺寸紧凑型压电堆-橡胶组合隔振器。完成了组合隔振器压电堆作动器部分和橡胶隔振器部分的结构设计。分别对压电堆作动器的静、动态输出特性和橡胶隔振器的动态特性进行了实验研究。

齿轮啮合振动的主动控制方法与实验研究

为了有效抑制齿轮传动系统由于啮合误差引起的周期振动噪声,提出一种基于压电堆作动器并结合自适应算法的齿轮传动振动主动控制方案。首先根据控制齿轮轴横向振动的思想构建齿轮箱主动结构,应用C-MEX S函数编写FxLMS自适应控制算法模块;基于级联自适应陷波器的技术提取齿轮啮合振动信号进而合成参考信号;利用自适应NLMS滤波器对包含压电堆作动器的次级通道进行离线辨识实验,在得到次级通道传递函数的同时有效避免了次级通道辨识和控制器之间的相互干扰。最后将算法代码下载到dSPACE中作为控制器,与内置压电堆作动器的齿轮箱组成硬件在环系统进行实验验证。结果表明：由FxLMS算法控制的压电堆作动器对齿轮的啮合振动控制效果明显,在不同转速、不同负载情况下啮合振动有15~26dB的衰减。

周期性机械振动主动控制算法

为提高周期性机械装置的隔振性能,减少其对底座(或地面)及周围环境的影响,采用由弹性橡胶和压电堆作动器组成的主动悬置(active control mount,ACM)。针对压电堆作动器输出位移较小的情况,设计液压位移放大机构。通过对压电作动器和橡胶主簧性能的分析,建立由主动悬置构成的隔振系统的力学模型。周期性机械振动系统,其周期振动信号可用作控制同步信号,因此控制系统采用基于同步滤波-XLMS(least mean square)算法的自适应控制策略,传递到机座的残余力作为误差信号,实现对周期性机械振动系统的主动控制。计算机仿真实验结果表明,采用这种主动悬置和同步滤波-XLMS算法的主动控制系统,相对于采用普通橡胶悬置的被动系统,明显减少了对底座的力传递,减振效果明显。

A Design of Stack Data Cache in IW

A stack data cache is designed according to the features of intelligent workstation(IW) in A1 type intelligent network. Its page fault rate is up to 10 -3 , and the overhead of page replacement is only half of the normal. Stack data cache is suitable for IWs inference engine especially.

Zn Accumulation and Subcellular Distribution in the Zn Hyperaccumulator Sedurn alfredii Hance

Zn accumulation and subcellular distribution in leaves of the hyperaccumulating ecotype （HE） and non-hyperaccumulating ecotype （NHE） of Sedum alfredii Hance were studied using radiotracer and gradient centrifugation techniques. Leaf Zn accumulation in the HE of S. alfredii was 18.5-26.7 times greater than that in the NHE when the plants were grown at 1-500μmol Zn L-1. Leaf section uptake of 65Zn was highly dependent on external Zn levels. Greater 65Zn uptake in HE was noted only at external Zn levels 〉 100μmol L-1. Zinc subcellular distribution in the leaves of the two ecotypes of S. alfredii was： cell wall 〉 soluble fraction 〉 cell organelle. However, more Zn was distributed to the leaf cell wall and soluble fractions for HE than for NHE. In the leaf of HE, 91%-94% of the Zn was found in the cell walls and the soluble fraction and only 6%-9% Zn was distributed in the cell organelle fraction. For NHE, about 20%-26% Zn was recovered in the cell organelle fraction. In stems, Zn distribution to the ceil wail fraction was approximately two fold greater in the HE than that in the NHE. For the hyperaccumulating ecotype of S. alfredii, the cell wall and the vacuole played a very important role in Zn tolerance and hyperaccumulation.

Heavy Metal Accumulation in Plants on Mn Mine Tailings

The Xiangtan Manganese (Mn) Mine in the middle of Hunan Province, China, has been mined since 1913 with mine tailings including excavated wastes, wastewater, and smelting wastes. A survey was conducted on the Mn mine tailing soils and eight plants on the Mn mine tailings. The concentrations of soil Mn, Pb, and Cd and the metal-enrichment traits of these eight plants were analyzed simultaneously. Exceptionally high concentrations of these three metals were found in the soils, especially on the tailing dam. Each plant investigated in this study accumulated the three heavy metals, but no hyperaccumulator of these metals was found. However, analysis indicated that Poa pratensis Linn., Gnaphalium affine D. Don, Pteris vittata L., Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq., and Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. possessed specially good metal-enrichment and metal-tolerant traits. P. pratensis, G. affine, and P. vittata were Pb-tolerant plants; and C. canadensis, P. pratensis, and G. affine were Cd-tolerant plants. P. acinosa had a great tolerance to Mn. and it was a valuable plant for on-site phytoremediation. Phragmites communis Trin. was found to have high metal tolerance and economic benefit as a raw material for paper and should be considered for soil remediation. G. affine and C. canadensis had excessive accumulation of Mn and could be useful in phytoremediation. However, although P. pratensis was a good accumulator, it was not a suitable plant for soil remediation because its biomass was too little.

N Accumulation and Translocation in Four Japonica Rice Cultivars at Different N Rates

Developing high-yielding rice(Oryza sativa L.)cultivars depends on having a better understanding of nitrogen(N) accumulation and translocation to the ear during the reproductive stage.Field experiments were carried out to evaluate the genetic variation for N accumulation and translocation in different Japonica rice cultivars at different N rates and to identify any relationship to grain yield in southeast China.Four Japonica cultivars with similar agronomic characteristics were grown at two experimental sites in 2004 with three N rates of 0,60,and 180 kg N ha^(-1).Dry weights and N contents of rice plants were measured at tillering,initiation,anthesis,and maturity.Grain yields exhibited significant differences (P<0.05)among the cultivars and N application rates.Increasing N rates improved N uptake at anthesis and maturity in all four cultivars(P<0.05).N translocation from vegetative organs to the grains increased with enhanced N rates (P<0.05).N translocation to the grains ranged from 9 to 64 kg N ha^(-1)and N-translocation efficiency from 33% to 68%. Grain yield was linear to N uptake at anthesis(r^2=0.78^(**))and N translocation(r^2=0.67^(**)).Thus,cultivars with a high N uptake at anthesis,low residual N in the straw at maturity,and appropriate low N fertilizer supply in southeast China should efficiently increase N-recovery rate while maintaining grain yield and soil fertility.

Difference in Selenium Accumulation in Shoots of Two Rice Cultivars

Two japonica rice （Oryza sativa L.） cultivars, Xiushui 48 and S. Andrea, differing in their ability to accumulate Se in the grain （as high as a three-fold difference）, were compared for selenium （Se） accumulation in their shoots when their growth media was supplied with different forms of Se. Results indicated that when treated with 0.25μmol L^-1 Na2SeO3, Xiushui 48 accumulation of Se in the shoots was significantly more rapid （P〈0.05） than S. Andrea, probably because of greater Se uptake and transport in Xiushui 48. Xiushui 48 rice seedlings had a higher shoot-Se accumulation rate and absorbed selenocysteine （Se-Cys） more rapidly than S. Andrea seedlings. However, when treated with Se as 0.25μmol L^-1 selenomethionine （Se-Met）, the S. Andrea seedlings＇ accumulation rate was significantly greater （P〈0.05） than that of Xiushui 48. Possibly, the high Se accumulation rate of Xiushui 48 seedling shoots compared to S. Andrea shoots was the result of a higher capacity of Xiushui 48 to transform selenite to organic Se compounds and a higher selenite uptake rate.

Base-Level Cycles and Episodic Coal Accumulation——Case Study of Dongsheng Coalfield in Ordos Basin

The advantage of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, which takes base-levels as reference, is that it can be applied to continental depositional basins controlled by multiple factors and can effectively improve the accuracy and resolution of sequential stratigraphic analysis. Moreover, the principles of base-level cycles are also suitable for analyzing sequential stratigraphy in continental coal-bearing basins because of their accuracy in forecasting distribution of coal measures. By taking the Dongsheng coalfield in the Ordos basin as an example, the extensive application of base-level cycles in exploration and exploitation of coal is analyzed. The result shows that the Yan’an formation in the Dongsheng area is a long-term base-level cycle which is bordered by nonconformities and made up of five mid-term cycles and 13 short-term cycles. The long-term cycle and the mid-term cycles are obvious in comparison with a transverse profile. The episodic coal accumulation in the Mesozoic Ordos basin means that the deposition of primary matter (peat bogs) of coalification is discontinuous, periodical and cyclical in the evolution of the basin. The episodic accumulation of coal measures in the Yan’an stage is controlled by ascending-descending changes of a long-term cycle and middle-term cycles. Coal measures formed during the early and late periods of the long-term cycle are characterized by multiple layers, big cumulative thickness and poor continuity. Coal measures formed in the mid-term of the long cycle are dominated by good continuity, fewer layers and a small additive thickness, which is favorable for the accumulation of thick and continuous coal measures in the transition stage of mid term base-level cycles.

Enhanced photochemical oxidation ability of carbon nitride by π-πstacking interactions with graphene

A one-pot method for the preparation of g-C3N4/reduced graphene oxide（rGO） composite photocatalysts with controllable band structures is presented.The photocatalysts are characterized by Fouirer transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope,transmission electron microscope,and Mott-Schottky analysis.The valance band（VB） of g-C3N4 exhibits a noticeable positive shift upon hybridizing with rGO,and thus results in a strong photo-oxidation ability.The g-C3N4/rGO composites show a higher photodegradation activity for 2,4-dichlorophenol（2,4-DCP） and rhodamine B（RhB） under visible light irradiation（λ≥420 ran）.The g-C3N4/rGO-1sample exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity,which is 1.49 and 1.52 times higher than that of bulk g-C3N4 for 2,4-DCP and 1.52 times degradation,respectively.The enhanced photocatalytic activity for g-C3N4 originates from the improved visible light usage,enhanced electronic conductivity and photo-oxidation ability by the formed strong π-π stacking interactions with rGO.

Co-pyrolysis characteristics of typical components of waste plastics in a falling film pyrolysis reactor

Waste plastics mainly come from MSW and usually exist in the form of mixed plastics. During the co-pyrolysis process of mixed plastics, various plastic components have different physicochemical properties and reaction mechanisms. Considering the high viscosity and low thermal conductivity of molten plastics, a falling film pyrolysis reactor was selected to explore the rapid co-pyrolysis process of typical plastic components(PP, PE and PS).The oil and gas yields and the compositions of pyrolysis products of the three components under different ratios at pyrolysis temperatures were analyzed to explore the co-pyrolysis characteristics of PP, PE, and PS. The study is of great significance to the recycling of waste plastics.

Accumulation and Mixing of Oils in Jinghu Sag of Subei Basin:Constraints from Thermal Maturity Parameters

Oils in Jinghu sag are abundant with high content of polar compounds and have a low ratio of saturate to aromatic hydrocarbons and a high ratio of resin to asphaltene. The gross composition of oils in the Jinghu sag suggests typical immature to low mature characteristics. Some compounds with low thermal stability were identified. Light hydrocarbons, a carbon preference index, an odd even index, n-alkane and hopane maturity parameters show mature features and little differences in the maturity level among oils. Sterane isomerization parameters indicate an immature to low mature status of oil. Transfer of the sedimentary center during sedimentation has led to different thermal histories among subsags and thus generated oils with different maturities. On the basis of source analyses, four migration and accumulation patterns with different maturity can be classified. Combined with available information on mergers of source, reservoir and long distance oil lateral migration, mixing conditions were present in the Jinghu sag. Experimental results indicate that maturity variations are caused by mixtures of hydrocarbons with different maturity.

The effect of operating conditions on acylation of 2-methylnaphthalene in a microchannel reactor

Acylation of 2-methylnaphthalene(2-MN) is a very important reaction in organic synthesis,and the effiency of the continuous reactor is more than one of the batch reactor.Considering that the Friedel–Crafts acylation is a rapid exothermic reaction,in this study,we perform the acylation of 2-MN in a stainless steel microchannel flow reactor,which is characterized by high mass and heat transfer rates.The effect of reactant ratio,mixing temperature,reaction temperature,and reaction time on product yield and selectivity were investigated.Under the optimal conditions,2-methyl-6-propionylnaphthalene(2,6-MPN) was obtained in 85.8% yield with 87.5% selectivity.Compared with the conventional batch system,the continuous flow microchannel reactor provides a more efficient method for the synthesis of 2,6-MPN.

Numerical Simulations of Pile Supported Protective System Subjected to Ship Impact

The head-on collision process between ship and concrete pile supported protective system is simulated by software LS-DYNA. The influences of pile non-linearity and soil non-linearity on impact force, ship crush depth and the cap displacement of pile supported protective system are discussed. It's shown that for both severe impact case and non-severe impact case, the non-linearity of pile material influence the impact force history, ship crush depth. The non-linearity of pile material and soil has remarkable influence on the cap displacement especially for severe impact case. These issues should not be ignored in the analysis of pile supported protective system subjected to ship impact.