祝融之虚——中国始有(造市)“市”探源

该文对中国城市特别是"市"的溯源按史载"祝融作市"的提示作了追本穷源。由于祝融是楚族远祖,就楚国的城市与建筑而言,也是一种文脉上延的探索,从而为中国城市的溯源研究提供了一份案例。

Optimal pricing and production decisions in a supply chain with e-marketplace

The concept of the e-marketplace is introduced.Considering a supply chain with a single manufacturer who sells a single item in an e-marketplace,an analytical model for the use of the e-marketplace in a supply chain is provided.Assuming the market demand is stochastic and price-dependent,the conditions under which the manufacturer and the e-marketplace owner share the market in equilibrium is developed.The existence and uniqueness of the optimal selling price,quantity and transaction percentage are proved.An integrated supply chain is put forward,and then the efficiency of supply chain coordination is studied by comparing the integrated supply chain with the decentralized supply chain.To gain further insights on the theoretical models,extensive simulations are then carried out.

Situation and Operation of Three Major Grain Crops Production and Its Industrial Development Strategies in Shiyan

In order to explore the sistuation and operation for the production with three major grain crops： corn, wheat, rice in city Shiyan, Hubei province, the basic information of rural areas, the types of business model and economic benefits through sampling survey of six areas with 314 households included in Shiyan were investigated in research. According to the actual problems existing in grain crops production and management, we raised points： to promote the grain industrial mechanism building actively, to improve agricultural infrastructure, to strengthen the management of land transfer, to accelerate scientific, technological progress and innovation and so on. Most importantly, we proposed the future development direction of three grain crops respectively, which is aimed to provide a reference for the develpoment of three grain croos in Shiyan in the future.

老年心血管病合并焦虑抑郁症患者心律失常的动态心电图分析

目的观察动态心电图监测下老年心血管病合并焦虑抑郁症患者心律失常的发生情况,分析其与心律失常发生的关系。方法 360例老年心血管病患者,按照患者是否合并焦虑抑郁症分为观察组(合并焦虑抑郁症)和对照组(未合并焦虑抑郁症),各180例。所有患者均进行动态心电图监测,比较两组患者的心理状态和心律失常检出情况。结果观察组抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分为(53.49±5.24)、(52.77±4.80)分,均显著高于对照组的(32.55±4.17)、(35.61±3.94)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组房室早搏、室性早搏、心房纤颤、短阵房性心动过速和房室传导阻滞的检出率均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论动态心电图监测下老年心血管病合并焦虑抑郁症患者心律失常检出率较高,焦虑抑郁症与老年心血管病患者心律失常的发生密切相关。

Evolution of Jobs-housing Spatial Relationship in Beijing Metropolitan Area:A Job Accessibility Perspective

With the urban expansion and economic restructuring, the jobs-housing relationship has become an important issue in studies on urban spatial structure. This paper employed a job accessibility model, which is an evaluation instrument to measure the jobs-housing relationship in Beijing Metropolitan Area from a job accessibility perspective. The results indicate that the population in the central city is declining, whereas the population in the suburbs is consistently growing and forming new population centers. However, the distribution pattern of employment is still highly centralized. Job accessibility varies in different locations, but the inner-city areas(within the Third Ring road) have seen improved job accessibility over time while job accessibility in the suburbs(especially outside the Fourth Ring road) has decreased, and this has led it to become a primary area of residential and employment mismatch. At the same time, the new towns in the outer suburbs have not yet demonstrated great potential to attract more jobs. In addition we find that, to some extent, urban planning changes the jobs-housing relationship, but a polycentric urban spatial structure is not yet evident. The floating population and related housing policy also affect the jobs-housing relationship. We propose some measures to resolve the spatial mismatch as well as some future research directions.

Soil Nutrients in Intensive Agricultural Areas with Different Land-Use Types in Qingzhou County, China

On the basis of the data obtained from a field survey, the relationship between land use and soil nutrients was evaluated in Qingzhou County, Shandong Province, China, through a statistical analysis of differences in 17 nutrients in five types of cultivated land. The results showed significant effects (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) of land-use type on soil organic matter and concentration of macronutrients, secondary nutrients, and micronutrients, as well as total salt and soil pH. In vegetable land, because of the large amounts of fertilizer applied to vegetable crops, the concentrations of most soil nutrients, with exception of available Si and micronutrients, were higher than those in grain cropland. Grain cropland had a significantly lower total salt content (P < 0.01) and tended to have a higher soil pH than vegetable land. Within subtypes of land use, dry land, irrigable land, and open-air vegetable land had the highest coefficient of variation (CV) for available P, whereas protected vegetable land had the highest CV for total N and available S. In general, land-use types had greater impact on macronutrients than on secondary nutrients and micronutrients.

Spatio-temporal Analysis of Urban Spatial Interaction in Globalizing China—A Case Study of Beijing-Shanghai Corridor

This paper aims to explore urban geography with a new perspective. Endowed with the urban geography connotations, an improved data field model is employed to integrate temporal dimension into spatial process of cities in a typical region in this article. Taking the Beijing-Shanghai Corridor including 18 cities as an example, the authors chose the city centricity index (CCI) and the spatial data field model to analyze the evolution process and features of sub-region and urban spatial interaction in this corridor based on the data of 1991, 1996 and 2002. Through the analy- sis, we found that: 1) with the improvement of the urbanization level and the development of urban economy, the cit- ies’ CCI grew, the urban spatial radiative potential enhanced and the radiative range expanded gradually, which reflects the urban spatial interaction’s intensity has been increasing greatly; 2) although the spatial interaction intensity among the cities and sub-regions in the Beijing-Shanghai Corridor was growing constantly, the gap of the spatial interaction strength among different cities and sub-regions was widening, and the spatial division between the developed areas and the less developed areas was obvious; and 3) the intensity of the spatial interaction of Beijing, Shanghai and their urban agglomerations was far greater than that in small cities of other parts of the corridor, and it may have a strong drive force on the choice of spatial location of the economic activities.

ESTIMATION OF ATMOSPHERIC INPUT OF MERCURY TO SOUTH LAKE AND JINGYUE POOL

Taking South Lake and Jingyue Pool in Changchun as examples, we determined particulate Hg in ambient air and Hg concentration in precipitation. Results indicated that particulate Hg in air and Hg concentration in precipitation in both sites in nonheating period were lower than that in heating period, which is influenced by coal combustion. The annual particulate Hg concentrations of South Lake and Jingyue Pool were 0.254ng/m3 and 0.109ng/m3. The yearly average Hg concentrations in precipitation were 0.268μg/L(South Lake) and 0.108μg/L(Jingyue Pool). The higher particulate Hg concentration in air and Hg concentration in precipitation in South Lake than that of Jingyue Pool indicated that mercury deposition was influenced by anthropogenic sources(especially from coas combustion). Hg concentration in precipitation is related with particulate Hg in the atmosphere. Dry deposition fluxes were estimated by using dry deposition model on the base of particulate Hg concentrations in the atmosphere, they were 35.5μg/(m2.a) for South lake and 15.3μg/(m2.a) for Jingyue Pool. Combined with precipitation amount, wet deposition fluxes were estimated in these two sites, 152.2μg/(m2.a) for South Lake and 61.2μg/(m2.a) for Jingyue Pool. Atmospheric Hg deposition fluxes were 160.2g/a for South Lake and 328.62g/a for Jingyue Pool.

Biomethanisation of Municipal Solid Waste by Anaerobic Fungi Co-culture with Methanogens： An Approach to Energy Recovery

In nature, cellulose, lignocellulose and lignin are major sources of plant biomass; their recycling is indispensable for global carbon cycle. The major portion of the municipal solid waste consists of lignocellulose. The incineration of organic fraction of municipal solid waste （OFMSW） with high moisture content and low calorific value is not environmentally, techno-commercially viable option for energy recovery. Optimization of biomethanisation process is aim to maximize organic waste stabilization at short digestion period with higher energy recovery. The biomethanisation studies, demonstrate co-digestion of substrates improves CH4 yield due to nutrients balance. Fungi are low sensitive to environment, thrive in acidic environment and produces required multi-enzyme, attach to cell envelope and hydrolyze the substrate for energy recovery. Fermentation of cellulose by the monoculture results in the formation of H2, CO2, formate, acetate, lactate, succinate, and ethanol. In co-cultures with Methanobacterium, H2 and formate reduction indicates it＇s utilized in CH4 production. Engineered co-culture of microorganisms is essential for the heterogeneous complex organic substrate degradation for extraction of unutilized energy fraction of biomass, as potential source of energy.

Paired Border Towns or TwinCities from Finland and China

This paper discusses cross-border cooperation at the level of urban socio-economic systems. Worldwide, cross-border urban cooperation has in several cases produced socio-economic and political coherence supported by various joint programs and efforts. However, the degree of coherence varies and seldom cre-ates socio-economically and politically tightly integrated "Twin-Cities" where the state border becomes highly transparent or ob-scure. Focusing on Finlan d and China, our aim is to identify whether the selected border towns represent coherent TwinCities or a more loose type of "paired border towns". The study uses an empirical examination of three Finnish towns (Helsinki, Tornio, Imatra) and their neighboring towns in Estonia, Sweden, and Rus-sia as a benchmark. Then, a comparative study is made regarding three Chinese cross-border cities facing Russia, Vietnam and Ka-zakhstan. We highlight the differences in cross-border integration from the viewpoint of shared public sector programs, cross-border enterprise relocation and networking, and integrated social sector in terms of labor market, education and shopping area.

Dynamic Equivalence Theory and Advertisement Translation

With the fast globalization of the whole world and the intimate international cooperation of enterprises, translation is playing a more and more essential role, espeically in advertisemnts where enterprises want to establish a positive and healthy image in the competitive world market to promote their products and make more profits. Since Nida proposed his famous theory of dynamic equivalence, the English-Chinese advertisemnts translation has no longer been so mechanic and achieved more beauties. The translation of advertisement and trademark tends towards simplicity and visualization in association with the theory of dynamic equivalence, the objective criterion of translation proposed by Nida, emphasizing the inside connotation. Information is transformed during the process by analyzing carefully, distinguishing accurately, and processing flexibly in different situations so that translators can keep the information in high fidelity and gain dynamic equivalence.

Comprehensive Multi-Level Exploration of Buried Active Faults:an Example of the Yinchuan Buried Active Fault

The paper introduces the steps and methods of multi-approach, multi-level exploration of buried faults in thick Quaternary sediment regions by taking the test exploration of the Yinchuan active fault as example. Based on the comprehensive analyses of previous data, we choose the Xinqushao Village of Xingqing District of Yinchuan City as the test site for the comprehensive exploration. Firstly, we adopted shallow seismic investigation with group intervals of 10m, 5m and lm to gradually trace layer by layer the master fault of the Yinchuan buried fault from a deep depth to a shallow depth where drilling could be used. Then, with composite geological profile drilling, we determined the precise location and dip angle of the fault. The drilling show the buried depth of the upper offset point is 8.3m. Finally, large-scale trenching revealed that the actual buried depth of the upper offset point of the fault is 1.5m from the ground surface and there are paleoearthquake events of 5 stages. Combined with the preliminary result of corresponding sample age, we conclude the Yinchuan buried fault is a mid to late Holocene active fault.

Monomer Migration and Annihilation Processes

We propose a two-species monomer migration-annihilation model, in which monomer migration reactions occur between any two aggregates of the same species and monomer annihilation reactions occur between two different species. Based on the mean-field rate equations, we investigate the evolution behaviors of the processes. For the case with an annihilation rate kernel proportional to the sizes of the reactants, the aggregation size distribution of either species approaches the modified scaling form in the symmetrical initial case, while for the asymmetrical initial case the heavy species with a large initial data scales according to the conventional form and the light one does not scale. Moreover,at most one species can survive finally. For the case with aconstant annihilation rate kernel, both species may scale according to the conventional scaling law in the symmetrical case and survive together at the end.

Sojourners in Time： Revisiting Thornton Wilder＇s The Happy Journey to Trenton and Camden

Thornton Wilder＇s works are often characterized as transcending time. Our Town （1938） remains a widely produced piece of dramatic literature nearly 75 years after winning the Pulitzer Prize in 1938. However, many of Wilder＇s one-act plays are less well-known and subsequently are less often produced. The Happy Journey to Trenton and Camden （193 l） predates Our Town （1938） and yet is written in a similar style, utilizes the stage manager motif, and reflects upon issues of life and death found in Our Town （1938）, The Bridges of San Luis Rey （1927） and many other of Wilder＇s works. ＂Sojourners in Time＂ reflects upon the time period and place in Wilder＇s one-acts within the context of a contemporary journey in order to determine what, if any, aspects of this piece translate to current times.

Spatial Interaction and Network Structure Evolvement of Cities in Terms of China's Rail Passenger Flows

Cities separated in space are connected together by spatial interaction (SI) between them. But the studies focusing on the SI are relatively few in China mainly because of the scarcity of data. This paper deals with the SI in terms of rail passenger flows, which is an important aspect of the network structure of urban agglomeration. By using a data set consisting of rail O-D (origin-destination) passenger flows among nearly 200 cities, intercity rail distance O-D matrixes, and some other indices, it is found that the attenuating tendency of rail passenger is obvious. And by the analysis on dominant flows and spatial structure of flows, we find that passenger flows have a trend of polarizing to hubs while the linkages between hubs upgrade. However, the gravity model reveals an overall picture of convergence process over time which is not in our expectation of integration process in the framework of globalization and economic integration. Some driven factors for the re-organization process of the structure of urban agglomeration, such as technique advance, globalization, etc. are discussed further based on the results we obtained.

The Everyday （in） Urbanism： What＇s New on the Spot

The paper aims at measuring the influence that the everyday theme has exercised in the formation of the idea of space that is permeating the thought of many contemporary urban planners. Through the investigation of two recent approaches, the Italian and the American ones, the complex relationships between daily practices and urban spaces, in the continuous redefinition of the concepts of public and private sphere, are described. In this context, the Everyday Urbanists＇ work had the merit to reveal and investigate the social possibilities offered by the patterns of everyday life. They were among the first to speak about a citizenship redefinition, process which has been increasingly debated by many scholars. Citizenship is thus turning to be less formal, while becoming more substantive and insurgent. The paper demonstrates that, according to this crucial change, new and meaningful relations between citizenship and planning can be established and that these are able to open planning practice up to the present ethnographical possibilities of the urban space, and to its tactical and polysemic dimensions.

Japanese Cooperation for Urban Planning in the Old Capital of Damascus

Historic cities are cultural achievements that are gradually created by inhabitants over the centuries. In developed countries, the conservation of historic cities seems to be generally acknowledged as a method of community development that does not depend on huge exploitation. On the other hand, no sufficient countermeasures have been taken in developing countries because most native stakeholders are still interested in development. Here the author could focus on so-called ＂international cooperation＂, but urban conservation for historic cities where inhabitants actually live is still a minor consideration except for some government-based conservation projects for monuments and isolated examples of cultural heritage. In this paper, the example was taken of a conservation project which has been carried out by JICA （Japanese International Cooperation Agency） in Damascus, the old capital of Syria. The target area for the project is ＂Qanawat South＂. Although the origin of＂Qanawat South＂ dates back to the Roman age, efforts for urban conservation have not been well organized, partly because the area is located outside of the so-called old city registered as a world heritage site. For example, the master plan of 1968 indicated the redistribution of the traditional quarters, while some conservation laws have been restricting the regeneration of the area. Moreover, there is not yet any consensus among the stakeholders concerning the historical value of the quarter, they are still questioning why the area should be conserved rather than being freely sold or developed and what and how they should contribute to conservation. Based on analysis of the actual situation of Qasr al-Hajjaj Street, this paper examines a method called ＂restoration-type＂ facade improvement adopted by JICA, for which the final goal is not only to maintain the appearance of the street but also to activate the life of the habitants of the street.

Production response to price risk and market liberalization of Nigerian major agricultural crops

This study models supply response for major agricultural crops in Nigeria which include the standard arguments and price risk. The data comes from Central Bank of Nigeria annual reports and statement of account, National Bureau of Statistics＇ abstract of statistics and annual Agricultural survey manual. The data are analyzed using autoregressive distributed lag and cointegration and error correction models. The results indicate that producers are responsive not only to price but also to price risk and exchange rate.

Non-classical Algorithm for Time Series Prediction of the Range of Economic Phenomena With Regard to the Interaction of Financial Market Indicators

The aim of the article is to present non-clasical copyrighted algorithm for prediction of time series, presenting macroeconomic indicators and stock market indices. The algorithm is based on artificial neural networks and multi-resolution analysis （the algorithm is based on Daubechies wavelet）. However, the main feature of the algorithm, which gives a good quality of the forecasts, is all included in the series analysis division into, a few partial under-series and prediction dependence on a number of other economic series. The algorithm used for the prediction, is copyrighted algorithm, labeled M.H-D in this article. Application of the algorithm was performed on a series presenting WIG 20. The forecast of WIG 20 was conditional on trading the Dow Jones, DAX, Nikkei, Hang Seng, taking into account the sliding time window. As an example application of copyrighted model, the forecast of WIG 20 for a period of two years, one year, six month was appointed. An empirical example is described. It shows that the proposed model can predict index with the scale of two years, one year, a half year and other intervals. Precision of prediction is satisfactory. An average absolute percentage error of each forecast was： 0.0099%---for two-year forecasts WIG 20; 0.0552%--for the annual forecast WIG 20; and 0.1788%---for the six-month forecasts WIG 20.

Value-relevance of accounting numbers for valuation

Recent empirical work suggested that the ability of accounting numbers to explain the relationship between accounting numbers and stock prices has deteriorated over the past four decades. The findings of this study suggest that the accounting earnings and book value are capturing most of the information that is relevant to assess the values of firms. At the same time, it also suggests that earnings and book value as well as non-accounting beta are more valued during the financial crisis as compared to after the financial crisis. Overall, the accounting estimate of the value of the firm is not deviating from the markets＇ estimate, which suggests that accounting numbers play an important role in the valuation of firms in Malaysia.