Purpose： This study aimed to examine the extent to which the quality physical education teaching （QPET） practices contributed to improving 4th- and 5th-grade students＇ manipulative skill competency. Methods： Part...Purpose： This study aimed to examine the extent to which the quality physical education teaching （QPET） practices contributed to improving 4th- and 5th-grade students＇ manipulative skill competency. Methods： Participants were 9 elementary physical education （PE） teachers and their 4th- and 5th-grade students （n = 2709 3420）. The students＇ skill competency was assessed with 3 manipulative skills using PE metrics assessment rubrics. The PE teachers＇ levels of QPET were assessed by coding 63 videotaped lessons using the assessing quality teaching rubrics （AQTR）, which consisted of 4 essential dimensions including task design, task presentation, class management, and instructional guidance. Codes were confirmed through inter-rater reliability （82.4%, 84.5%, and 94%）. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, multiple R2 regression models, and independent sample t tests. Results： This study indicated that the 4 essential dimensions of QPET were all significant contributors to students＇ manipulative skill competency. These predictors were significantly higher for boys than for girls in soccer and striking skills, while they were significantly higher for girls than for boys in throwing skill competency. Of the 4 essential dimensions of QPET, task presentation played the most significant role in contributing to all 3 skill competencies for both boys and girls. Further, students who experienced high QPET were significantly more skillfully competent than those students who did not have this experience. Conclusion： It was concluded that the QPET practices played a significantly critical role in contributing to students＇ manipulative skill competency.展开更多
The main way they have of improving overall system reliability is to concentrate on human reliability if organizations are not installing new plant. Previous research by the author has shown that the main cause of sys...The main way they have of improving overall system reliability is to concentrate on human reliability if organizations are not installing new plant. Previous research by the author has shown that the main cause of system unreliability is operator unreliability. There are three main ways to deal with operator unreliability viz improve the environment, enhance the operator′s skill and increase his motivation. Of these, the last is the final untapped area for achieving significant gains in system reliability. Moves to do this by means of competitions for operators at both a local and international level are discussed, with a description of the successes so far.展开更多
Background：Improving motor skill competency and enhancing health-related physical fitnes are desired learning outcomes for school-aged children.Achieving motor skill competency and a healthy level of physical fitnes ...Background：Improving motor skill competency and enhancing health-related physical fitnes are desired learning outcomes for school-aged children.Achieving motor skill competency and a healthy level of physical fitnes lay a foundation for being a physically active person across a lifetime.The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between levels of manipulative skill competency and physical fitnes for elementary school boys and girls.Methods：In this study,565 fourth-grade students and their 9 physical education teachers were voluntary participants.The students were assessed in 4 basic specialized manipulative skills and 4 fitnes components during regular physical education lessons.Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics,univariate analyses,and multiple R2 liner regression methods.Results：Boys were more proficien at the manipulative skills than girls,while girls had significan higher percentages for meeting the healthy fitnes zone for the fitnes tests than boys.Four manipulative skills significant y predicted progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run（PACER）,push-up,and trunk lifts tests at p〈0.05 level,but not curl-up test for both boys and girls.Boys and girls in the skill-competent group significant y outperformed their counterparts in the skill-incompetent group on PACER,push-up,and trunk lifts tests at p〈0.05 level,with an exception of curl-up test.Conclusion：The more competent in manipulative skills,the higher healthy level in cardiovascular endurance,upper-body muscular strength and endurance,and fl xibility the students demonstrated.Demonstrating manipulative skill competence and maintaining a healthy level of physical fitnes are 2 major desired learning outcomes for elementary school students to be able to achieve.展开更多
SITUSinversus totalis is uncommon anatomic anomaly, with gallbladder on the left side} Since the first known laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a patient with situs inversus has been reported by Camposand Sipes in 1991,2...SITUSinversus totalis is uncommon anatomic anomaly, with gallbladder on the left side} Since the first known laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a patient with situs inversus has been reported by Camposand Sipes in 1991,2 there have been only approximately 40 cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed in patients with situs inversus reported in the published literatures.3＇ 4 These cases may cause difficulties in the diagnostic and therapeutic management due to the mirror-image anatomy during operation, which requires more technically procedures and needs reorientation of visuomotor skills to the left upper quadrant. We herein discuss technical and diagnostic difficulties and review the literatures.展开更多
Engineers are very much part of the ongoing globalization and they are encountering problems of cross-disciplinary nature Team working skills respecting other peoples＇ qualifications are required so therefore interpe...Engineers are very much part of the ongoing globalization and they are encountering problems of cross-disciplinary nature Team working skills respecting other peoples＇ qualifications are required so therefore interpersonal skills are becoming more and more important, including communications skills, leadership and awareness. Consequently, educational programs for teaching engineers should work with the fact that the capability of communicating with people with different background competences is important, nevertheless the engineering education has traditionally focused on technical skills rather than on personal development. In order to reform the B.Sc. courses to guide students to become better and more efficient engineers on all levels, the DTU （Technical University of Denmark） and Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences （Metropolia） modified their education according to the CDIO （conceive, design, implement and operate） approach in the autumn of 2008. The CDIO pedagogy encouraged to develop an interactive course in interpersonal skills, where the students have to take an active part in the exercises as well as involve themselves in the interactive communication process. The course consists of various exercises from which the participants will develop their awareness and knowledge of communication. It is the intention to give the students a personal understanding and idea of a different approach to communicating between people. The students evaluated the course, and the four key questions dealing with the quality of the course show a very high satisfaction with the instruction. The grades one and two （1 best/very much, 5 worst/very little） of the responses ＂to these four questions are ranging on average from 69.5% to 88% （on a yearly basis）. The positive responses indicate that the students are very satisfied with the course recognizing the need for education on international communication.展开更多
The present study applies a space-time filter to identify three dominant types of tropical waves: Madden-Julian oscillations (MJOs), equatorial Rossby (ER) waves, and tropical depression (TD)-type disturbances. The im...The present study applies a space-time filter to identify three dominant types of tropical waves: Madden-Julian oscillations (MJOs), equatorial Rossby (ER) waves, and tropical depression (TD)-type disturbances. The impacts of these waves on tropical cyclones (TCs) were investigated based on 131 observations during the period 2000 07. The results suggest that 72% of TC geneses were related to the joint impacts of more than one type of wave. The composites for cases in different categories reveal that TCs related to the concurrence of the three types of waves have strong and large initial vortices at the time of TC genesis. In the absence of the MJO, ERand TD-related TC genesis, embedded in easterly flow, exhibits a relatively fast initiation process and gives rise to a relatively small scale vortex. In contrast, without the ER wave contribution, TCs associated with ER and TD waves did not require strong convection at the time of genesis because an initial vortex can rapidly develop in the MJO active phase through persistent energy transfer. The MJO-related TC geneses were scattered in geographic distribution, as opposed to the clustered and eastward shift observed for genesis cases without contributions from MJOs.展开更多
Learning challenges are more common in the 21 st century than many people believe; however, there are more efficient and better methods to develop academic learning skills for students. Identifying learning problems c...Learning challenges are more common in the 21 st century than many people believe; however, there are more efficient and better methods to develop academic learning skills for students. Identifying learning problems can help both students and lecturers to apply specific learning techniques and work together to be more productive in the process of teaching and learning. This study investigates the collaboration of science foundation lecturers in addressing the students＇ academic performance and challenges in their foundation modules at the University of Venda. The study is also aimed at finding out whether students can be able to apply their information technology （IT） skills in other modules and they make use of group work in projects into different foundation modules to enhance performance and develop academic learning skills. In this study, students were given projects in their respective modules （Foundation Biology and Foundation IT） and it was required to them to make use of their IT skills during the research report and also during the presentation of their project. These projects were done in groups wherein students undertook some mini researches. Their findings were then reported in writing and presentations were held. The Foundation English lecturer helped in assessing the use of the academic language used in writing and during oral presentations. The findings from these projects were that students＇ academic performance and skills improved and their specific knowledge in those modules also improved radically. It was found that group work plays a very imperative role in enhancing the students＇ performance and collaboration in various foundation modules.展开更多
Education and Job Training is defined as informal education in the laws of the Republic of Indonesia concerning the National Educational System in Article 26 Point 3. Education and Job Training is carried out for indi...Education and Job Training is defined as informal education in the laws of the Republic of Indonesia concerning the National Educational System in Article 26 Point 3. Education and Job Training is carried out for individuals who require knowledge, work skills, life skills, and the correct attitudes for self-development, professional development, work, independent business and continued education. In the Indonesian construction industry, the Quantity Surveyor is a common role in planning and controlling consultant firms. These firms are organized as members of National Association of Indonesian Consultants. Many firms employ architects and technical staff as Quantity Surveyors, even if they only have experience in project calculations. This has given rise to the problem of inaccurate cost projections in the construction industry. Therefore, the future of Quantity Surveyors in Indonesia hinges on the implementation of education and short courses as means of raising the skill level of the profession. These steps will help to bridge the knowledge gap between local and foreign consultants.展开更多
An anaerobic expanding-bed reactor was adopted to investigate the feasibility of an innovative integrated process of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification （SDD） for high strength wastewater. In the reacto...An anaerobic expanding-bed reactor was adopted to investigate the feasibility of an innovative integrated process of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification （SDD） for high strength wastewater. In the reactor, heterotrophic bacteria （including sulfate reducing bacterium and denitrifying bacteria） and autotrophic bacteria （ including Thiobacillus denitrificans） cooperated together by incubating and enriching functional bac- teria on different carriers in the anaerobic activated sludge. Synthetic wastewater with high concentrations of sulfate and nitrate was employed. The experimental resuhs showed that the removal efficiency of sulfate and nitrate was above 85% , elemental sulfur was observed while nitrate was absent in effluent. The balance of sulfur, nitrogen and electron was discussed respectively, which indicated that the integrated SDD process could be actualized. These resuhs might provide a guidance to further investigate the key factors affecting the integrated SDD process and to improve the efficiency of desulfurization and denitrification in wastewater treatment.展开更多
Culture is one of the important properties of language, and language can not be separated from society and culture. Every language is the reflection of culture with profound cultural connotations. Many experts and sch...Culture is one of the important properties of language, and language can not be separated from society and culture. Every language is the reflection of culture with profound cultural connotations. Many experts and scholars have generally agreed that intercultural communication competence is an important purpose of language learning. The process of learning English is the process to understand and master English cultural and knowledge, and mastery degree of English-speaking countries and cultural knowledge directly affects practical skills of one person.展开更多
For the development process in the rapidly growing economies, knowledge transfer and technology cooperation are becoming important issues. Research and technological competences are key indicators for the absorptive c...For the development process in the rapidly growing economies, knowledge transfer and technology cooperation are becoming important issues. Research and technological competences are key indicators for the absorptive capacity of sustainability technologies and for the ability to export them. These issues are analyzed empirically for Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS). Sustainability related research in BRICS is mostly carried out within broader, more sector oriented programmes. Specialization patterns of international patents and in foreign trade indicate various strengths and weaknesses of the BRICS countries. The differences within the countries imply that the analysis must proceed at a technology specific level. China has considerable capabilities in technologies such as photovoltaics, solar thermal or buildings. There is a strong need for strategic positioning of the countries and for coordination of the various policy fields involved.展开更多
Training needs analysis is the preliminary step in a cyclical process which adds to the overall training and progress strategy of staff in a generation power plant or a professional group, questionnaires were distribu...Training needs analysis is the preliminary step in a cyclical process which adds to the overall training and progress strategy of staff in a generation power plant or a professional group, questionnaires were distributed among WAJPCO （Wadi Al Jizzi Power Company） staff and their responses were used to conduct a training need and gap analyses with a view to identify the operational skill and the training needs of the generation power plant, the time and travel commitment the industry is willing to invest in employee training, and an understanding of what skills are considered specific to lumber manufacturing and what can be combined with the needs of other industries and taught locally.展开更多
文摘Purpose： This study aimed to examine the extent to which the quality physical education teaching （QPET） practices contributed to improving 4th- and 5th-grade students＇ manipulative skill competency. Methods： Participants were 9 elementary physical education （PE） teachers and their 4th- and 5th-grade students （n = 2709 3420）. The students＇ skill competency was assessed with 3 manipulative skills using PE metrics assessment rubrics. The PE teachers＇ levels of QPET were assessed by coding 63 videotaped lessons using the assessing quality teaching rubrics （AQTR）, which consisted of 4 essential dimensions including task design, task presentation, class management, and instructional guidance. Codes were confirmed through inter-rater reliability （82.4%, 84.5%, and 94%）. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, multiple R2 regression models, and independent sample t tests. Results： This study indicated that the 4 essential dimensions of QPET were all significant contributors to students＇ manipulative skill competency. These predictors were significantly higher for boys than for girls in soccer and striking skills, while they were significantly higher for girls than for boys in throwing skill competency. Of the 4 essential dimensions of QPET, task presentation played the most significant role in contributing to all 3 skill competencies for both boys and girls. Further, students who experienced high QPET were significantly more skillfully competent than those students who did not have this experience. Conclusion： It was concluded that the QPET practices played a significantly critical role in contributing to students＇ manipulative skill competency.
文摘The main way they have of improving overall system reliability is to concentrate on human reliability if organizations are not installing new plant. Previous research by the author has shown that the main cause of system unreliability is operator unreliability. There are three main ways to deal with operator unreliability viz improve the environment, enhance the operator′s skill and increase his motivation. Of these, the last is the final untapped area for achieving significant gains in system reliability. Moves to do this by means of competitions for operators at both a local and international level are discussed, with a description of the successes so far.
基金funded by U.S.Department of Education,Carol White Physical Education Program grant(CFDA 84.215F)
文摘Background：Improving motor skill competency and enhancing health-related physical fitnes are desired learning outcomes for school-aged children.Achieving motor skill competency and a healthy level of physical fitnes lay a foundation for being a physically active person across a lifetime.The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between levels of manipulative skill competency and physical fitnes for elementary school boys and girls.Methods：In this study,565 fourth-grade students and their 9 physical education teachers were voluntary participants.The students were assessed in 4 basic specialized manipulative skills and 4 fitnes components during regular physical education lessons.Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics,univariate analyses,and multiple R2 liner regression methods.Results：Boys were more proficien at the manipulative skills than girls,while girls had significan higher percentages for meeting the healthy fitnes zone for the fitnes tests than boys.Four manipulative skills significant y predicted progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run（PACER）,push-up,and trunk lifts tests at p〈0.05 level,but not curl-up test for both boys and girls.Boys and girls in the skill-competent group significant y outperformed their counterparts in the skill-incompetent group on PACER,push-up,and trunk lifts tests at p〈0.05 level,with an exception of curl-up test.Conclusion：The more competent in manipulative skills,the higher healthy level in cardiovascular endurance,upper-body muscular strength and endurance,and fl xibility the students demonstrated.Demonstrating manipulative skill competence and maintaining a healthy level of physical fitnes are 2 major desired learning outcomes for elementary school students to be able to achieve.
文摘SITUSinversus totalis is uncommon anatomic anomaly, with gallbladder on the left side} Since the first known laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a patient with situs inversus has been reported by Camposand Sipes in 1991,2 there have been only approximately 40 cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed in patients with situs inversus reported in the published literatures.3＇ 4 These cases may cause difficulties in the diagnostic and therapeutic management due to the mirror-image anatomy during operation, which requires more technically procedures and needs reorientation of visuomotor skills to the left upper quadrant. We herein discuss technical and diagnostic difficulties and review the literatures.
文摘Engineers are very much part of the ongoing globalization and they are encountering problems of cross-disciplinary nature Team working skills respecting other peoples＇ qualifications are required so therefore interpersonal skills are becoming more and more important, including communications skills, leadership and awareness. Consequently, educational programs for teaching engineers should work with the fact that the capability of communicating with people with different background competences is important, nevertheless the engineering education has traditionally focused on technical skills rather than on personal development. In order to reform the B.Sc. courses to guide students to become better and more efficient engineers on all levels, the DTU （Technical University of Denmark） and Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences （Metropolia） modified their education according to the CDIO （conceive, design, implement and operate） approach in the autumn of 2008. The CDIO pedagogy encouraged to develop an interactive course in interpersonal skills, where the students have to take an active part in the exercises as well as involve themselves in the interactive communication process. The course consists of various exercises from which the participants will develop their awareness and knowledge of communication. It is the intention to give the students a personal understanding and idea of a different approach to communicating between people. The students evaluated the course, and the four key questions dealing with the quality of the course show a very high satisfaction with the instruction. The grades one and two （1 best/very much, 5 worst/very little） of the responses ＂to these four questions are ranging on average from 69.5% to 88% （on a yearly basis）. The positive responses indicate that the students are very satisfied with the course recognizing the need for education on international communication.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40905024 and 40921160379)Special Scientific Research Project for Public Interest (Grant No. GYHY200806009)
文摘The present study applies a space-time filter to identify three dominant types of tropical waves: Madden-Julian oscillations (MJOs), equatorial Rossby (ER) waves, and tropical depression (TD)-type disturbances. The impacts of these waves on tropical cyclones (TCs) were investigated based on 131 observations during the period 2000 07. The results suggest that 72% of TC geneses were related to the joint impacts of more than one type of wave. The composites for cases in different categories reveal that TCs related to the concurrence of the three types of waves have strong and large initial vortices at the time of TC genesis. In the absence of the MJO, ERand TD-related TC genesis, embedded in easterly flow, exhibits a relatively fast initiation process and gives rise to a relatively small scale vortex. In contrast, without the ER wave contribution, TCs associated with ER and TD waves did not require strong convection at the time of genesis because an initial vortex can rapidly develop in the MJO active phase through persistent energy transfer. The MJO-related TC geneses were scattered in geographic distribution, as opposed to the clustered and eastward shift observed for genesis cases without contributions from MJOs.
文摘Learning challenges are more common in the 21 st century than many people believe; however, there are more efficient and better methods to develop academic learning skills for students. Identifying learning problems can help both students and lecturers to apply specific learning techniques and work together to be more productive in the process of teaching and learning. This study investigates the collaboration of science foundation lecturers in addressing the students＇ academic performance and challenges in their foundation modules at the University of Venda. The study is also aimed at finding out whether students can be able to apply their information technology （IT） skills in other modules and they make use of group work in projects into different foundation modules to enhance performance and develop academic learning skills. In this study, students were given projects in their respective modules （Foundation Biology and Foundation IT） and it was required to them to make use of their IT skills during the research report and also during the presentation of their project. These projects were done in groups wherein students undertook some mini researches. Their findings were then reported in writing and presentations were held. The Foundation English lecturer helped in assessing the use of the academic language used in writing and during oral presentations. The findings from these projects were that students＇ academic performance and skills improved and their specific knowledge in those modules also improved radically. It was found that group work plays a very imperative role in enhancing the students＇ performance and collaboration in various foundation modules.
文摘Education and Job Training is defined as informal education in the laws of the Republic of Indonesia concerning the National Educational System in Article 26 Point 3. Education and Job Training is carried out for individuals who require knowledge, work skills, life skills, and the correct attitudes for self-development, professional development, work, independent business and continued education. In the Indonesian construction industry, the Quantity Surveyor is a common role in planning and controlling consultant firms. These firms are organized as members of National Association of Indonesian Consultants. Many firms employ architects and technical staff as Quantity Surveyors, even if they only have experience in project calculations. This has given rise to the problem of inaccurate cost projections in the construction industry. Therefore, the future of Quantity Surveyors in Indonesia hinges on the implementation of education and short courses as means of raising the skill level of the profession. These steps will help to bridge the knowledge gap between local and foreign consultants.
基金Sponsored by the New Century Distinguished Experts Supporting Program (Grant No 2005601310)
文摘An anaerobic expanding-bed reactor was adopted to investigate the feasibility of an innovative integrated process of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification （SDD） for high strength wastewater. In the reactor, heterotrophic bacteria （including sulfate reducing bacterium and denitrifying bacteria） and autotrophic bacteria （ including Thiobacillus denitrificans） cooperated together by incubating and enriching functional bac- teria on different carriers in the anaerobic activated sludge. Synthetic wastewater with high concentrations of sulfate and nitrate was employed. The experimental resuhs showed that the removal efficiency of sulfate and nitrate was above 85% , elemental sulfur was observed while nitrate was absent in effluent. The balance of sulfur, nitrogen and electron was discussed respectively, which indicated that the integrated SDD process could be actualized. These resuhs might provide a guidance to further investigate the key factors affecting the integrated SDD process and to improve the efficiency of desulfurization and denitrification in wastewater treatment.
文摘Culture is one of the important properties of language, and language can not be separated from society and culture. Every language is the reflection of culture with profound cultural connotations. Many experts and scholars have generally agreed that intercultural communication competence is an important purpose of language learning. The process of learning English is the process to understand and master English cultural and knowledge, and mastery degree of English-speaking countries and cultural knowledge directly affects practical skills of one person.
文摘For the development process in the rapidly growing economies, knowledge transfer and technology cooperation are becoming important issues. Research and technological competences are key indicators for the absorptive capacity of sustainability technologies and for the ability to export them. These issues are analyzed empirically for Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS). Sustainability related research in BRICS is mostly carried out within broader, more sector oriented programmes. Specialization patterns of international patents and in foreign trade indicate various strengths and weaknesses of the BRICS countries. The differences within the countries imply that the analysis must proceed at a technology specific level. China has considerable capabilities in technologies such as photovoltaics, solar thermal or buildings. There is a strong need for strategic positioning of the countries and for coordination of the various policy fields involved.
文摘Training needs analysis is the preliminary step in a cyclical process which adds to the overall training and progress strategy of staff in a generation power plant or a professional group, questionnaires were distributed among WAJPCO （Wadi Al Jizzi Power Company） staff and their responses were used to conduct a training need and gap analyses with a view to identify the operational skill and the training needs of the generation power plant, the time and travel commitment the industry is willing to invest in employee training, and an understanding of what skills are considered specific to lumber manufacturing and what can be combined with the needs of other industries and taught locally.
