Research was conducted to find the relationship between deficit irrigation treatments （DIT） and stems water potential. The study was conducted on 14 years old navel orange trees grafted on sour oranges for the growi...Research was conducted to find the relationship between deficit irrigation treatments （DIT） and stems water potential. The study was conducted on 14 years old navel orange trees grafted on sour oranges for the growing season 2006/2007 at a private farm in the Northern part of Jordan Valley （latitude： 32° 50′ N, longitude： 32° 50′ E, altitude： -254 m）. Three levels of irrigation treatments （IT） were applied; namely 100%, 75% and 50% of reference evapotranspiration, representing over irrigation （OIT）, full irrigation （FIT）, and deficit irrigation （DIT）, respectively. A drip irrigation using one irrigation source line with drippers spaced 0.5 m having average discharge of 2.3 L/hr at pressure 1.5 bar, was used. Stem water potential （SWP） at 100% over irrigation treatment （OIT） of navel orange trees had less negative value during the irrigation seasons （-1.57 MPa）, whereas the highest negative value （-2.17 MPa） occurred at 50% deficit irrigation treatment （DIT）.展开更多
Objective:This study examined the relationship between structural empowerment and nurses’experience and attitudes toward computer use.Methods:This study was conducted using a cross-sectional quantitative design.A tot...Objective:This study examined the relationship between structural empowerment and nurses’experience and attitudes toward computer use.Methods:This study was conducted using a cross-sectional quantitative design.A total of 184 registered nurses from four hospitals in Jordan participated in the current study.Data were collected using a demographics questionnaire,the Conditions for Work Effectiveness Questionnaire-II(CWEQ-II),and the Pretest for Attitudes toward Computers in Healthcare(PATCH).Results:The median of experience in years among nurses was 5.0,ranging from one to 26 years.The mean score for the attitudes toward computer use was 61.90±11.38.Almost half of the participants,45.11%,were in the category of“feel comfortable using user-friendly computers.”The participants’mean average of the total structural empowerment was 12.40±2.43,and the values for its four subscales were:opportunity 3.57±0.87,resources 2.83±0.85,information 3.06±0.79,and support 2.95±0.86.The frequencies analysis revealed that most participants had a moderate level of empowerment(n¼127,69.02%).The bivariate correlation between nurses’experience and attitudes toward computer use was significant(r¼0.17,P<0.05).The relationship between the total structural empowerment score and attitudes toward computer use was positive but weak(r¼0.20,P<0.01).Conclusion:The results indicated that more experienced nurses are more reluctant toward computer use.However,creating an empowering work environment can facilitate nurses’attitudes toward computer use.展开更多
文摘Research was conducted to find the relationship between deficit irrigation treatments （DIT） and stems water potential. The study was conducted on 14 years old navel orange trees grafted on sour oranges for the growing season 2006/2007 at a private farm in the Northern part of Jordan Valley （latitude： 32° 50′ N, longitude： 32° 50′ E, altitude： -254 m）. Three levels of irrigation treatments （IT） were applied; namely 100%, 75% and 50% of reference evapotranspiration, representing over irrigation （OIT）, full irrigation （FIT）, and deficit irrigation （DIT）, respectively. A drip irrigation using one irrigation source line with drippers spaced 0.5 m having average discharge of 2.3 L/hr at pressure 1.5 bar, was used. Stem water potential （SWP） at 100% over irrigation treatment （OIT） of navel orange trees had less negative value during the irrigation seasons （-1.57 MPa）, whereas the highest negative value （-2.17 MPa） occurred at 50% deficit irrigation treatment （DIT）.
文摘Objective:This study examined the relationship between structural empowerment and nurses’experience and attitudes toward computer use.Methods:This study was conducted using a cross-sectional quantitative design.A total of 184 registered nurses from four hospitals in Jordan participated in the current study.Data were collected using a demographics questionnaire,the Conditions for Work Effectiveness Questionnaire-II(CWEQ-II),and the Pretest for Attitudes toward Computers in Healthcare(PATCH).Results:The median of experience in years among nurses was 5.0,ranging from one to 26 years.The mean score for the attitudes toward computer use was 61.90±11.38.Almost half of the participants,45.11%,were in the category of“feel comfortable using user-friendly computers.”The participants’mean average of the total structural empowerment was 12.40±2.43,and the values for its four subscales were:opportunity 3.57±0.87,resources 2.83±0.85,information 3.06±0.79,and support 2.95±0.86.The frequencies analysis revealed that most participants had a moderate level of empowerment(n¼127,69.02%).The bivariate correlation between nurses’experience and attitudes toward computer use was significant(r¼0.17,P<0.05).The relationship between the total structural empowerment score and attitudes toward computer use was positive but weak(r¼0.20,P<0.01).Conclusion:The results indicated that more experienced nurses are more reluctant toward computer use.However,creating an empowering work environment can facilitate nurses’attitudes toward computer use.
