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一部种质资源选育的资料库:《中国粮食作物及其野生近缘植物图志》书评
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作者 刘中飞 《园艺与种苗》 CAS 2024年第7期109-110,共2页
《中国粮食作物及其野生近缘植物图志》系统阐述我国主要栽培的粮食作物及其野生近缘植物,重点对植物的根、茎、叶、花序/花、果实、种子等部位的形态特征进行全方位、多时态、多途径的详细“图说”及对比研究,旨在展现栽培作物与其野... 《中国粮食作物及其野生近缘植物图志》系统阐述我国主要栽培的粮食作物及其野生近缘植物,重点对植物的根、茎、叶、花序/花、果实、种子等部位的形态特征进行全方位、多时态、多途径的详细“图说”及对比研究,旨在展现栽培作物与其野生近缘植物的亲缘关系,揭示其内在联系,挖掘粮食作物育种所需的优良性状,以期从源头上为良种培育提供技术支撑,这对保障我国粮食安全具有重要的实践价值与现实意义。 展开更多
关键词 粮食作物 种质资源 植物资源 作物特征 品种改良
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调亏灌溉对作物生理生态特征影响的研究进展 被引量:28
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作者 蔡大鑫 沈能展 崔振才 《东北农业大学学报》 CAS CSCD 2004年第2期239-243,共5页
文章介绍了国内、外近年来调亏灌溉技术在农业生产中的应用及其作物的生理、生态反应和调亏灌溉的节水机理。探讨了调亏时期、程度、方式等条件对作物补偿效应的影响 ,指出了实施适度水分亏缺灌溉的可行性及风险性 。
关键词 调亏灌溉 作物生理特征 作物生态特征 节水机理 补偿效应 水分利用效率
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农作物几何特征量测量系统设计与试验 被引量:6
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作者 孙诚达 邱威 +2 位作者 丁为民 顾家冰 赵三琴 《农业机械学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2015年第12期1-10,17,共11页
为实现复杂背景下农作物几何特征量的实时测量,设计了交互式软件系统和便携式硬件结构。软件基于Matlab图像处理技术和多个作物几何特征量的计算模型,提出了动态交互式颜色特征提取方法和逐点颜色分量差值筛选法,实现了目标作物与背景... 为实现复杂背景下农作物几何特征量的实时测量,设计了交互式软件系统和便携式硬件结构。软件基于Matlab图像处理技术和多个作物几何特征量的计算模型,提出了动态交互式颜色特征提取方法和逐点颜色分量差值筛选法,实现了目标作物与背景的有效分离。研究了非旋转体作物体积与投影面积的关系,提出了测量这类作物的体积等特征量的新思路;建立了单位像素实际值与物距的对应关系,避免了需要在背景中设置参照从而计算单位像素代表作物几何特征量的实际值。软件渗透了人机交互和分类设计的思想,具有较好的交互性、通用性和扩展性。硬件采用高配的PC机核心部件、快速响应的工业触摸屏、自动定焦对焦工业相机和可控的相机支架、大容量锂电池。结构紧凑(29.8 cm×19.9 cm×6 cm)、操作简便、便于手持式和分体式测量。系统经过精度测量和实时测试,能完成多种作物的几何特征量测量,一般测量误差4%~8%,自动处理时间平均1.63 s(建好颜色特征库时),装置有较好的处理速度,有一定的实用价值。 展开更多
关键词 作物几何特征 便携式测量装置 分类式测量系统 人机交互式颜色特征提取 分量差值筛选法
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基于作物双时相遥感特征的花生种植区提取 被引量:1
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作者 郭其乐 李军玲 郭鹏 《应用气象学报》 CSCD 北大核心 2022年第2期218-230,共13页
基于花生生长中后期2020年8月1日和15日两个时相高分多光谱数据,构建40个作物分类遥感特征,采用ReliefF-Pearson方法优选出15个特征,构造作物可分的4种特征空间。采用最大似然分类法、支持向量机和随机森林分类器,分别耦合4种特征空间,... 基于花生生长中后期2020年8月1日和15日两个时相高分多光谱数据,构建40个作物分类遥感特征,采用ReliefF-Pearson方法优选出15个特征,构造作物可分的4种特征空间。采用最大似然分类法、支持向量机和随机森林分类器,分别耦合4种特征空间,开展作物分类对比试验,进行分类精度和景观评价提出作物双时相遥感分类模型(dual-temporal remote sensing classification model for crop,C-DRSC)。结果表明:该模型具有较高的作物分类和花生识别能力,作物分类总体精度和Kappa系数分别为93.25%和0.89,平均形状指数和平均斑块分维指数分别为1.33和1.13;花生识别的用户精度和制图精度分别为96.20%和96.32%,平均形状指数和平均斑块分维指数分别为1.27和1.11。利用该模型在黄淮海地区的4个花生主产县开展夏花生种植面积遥感测算,与统计面积相比,面积测算相对误差为±16.25%,决定系数为0.9778(达到0.01显著性水平),模型具有较好的适用性。 展开更多
关键词 花生 作物时相特征 特征选择 遥感分类
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基于高光谱数据提取作物冠层特征信息的研究进展 被引量:12
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作者 祁亚琴 王登伟 +5 位作者 陈冠文 黄春燕 段震宇 陈燕 袁杰 杨坤 《棉花学报》 CSCD 北大核心 2005年第6期371-375,共5页
高光谱(Hyperspectral)遥感是指光谱分辨率在10-2λ的遥感信息,其特点是光谱分辨率高(5~10nm)、波段连续性强(在0.4~2.5μm范围内有几百个波段).高光谱遥感器既能对目标成像(有时也称成像光谱遥感)、又能测量目标物的波谱特性,因此,... 高光谱(Hyperspectral)遥感是指光谱分辨率在10-2λ的遥感信息,其特点是光谱分辨率高(5~10nm)、波段连续性强(在0.4~2.5μm范围内有几百个波段).高光谱遥感器既能对目标成像(有时也称成像光谱遥感)、又能测量目标物的波谱特性,因此,它不仅可以用来提高对农作物和植被类型的识别能力,而且还可以用来监测农作物长势和反演农作物的理化特性.绿色植物具有独特的光谱曲线特征,而作物具有绿色植物典型的光谱特征曲线,基于作物的光谱特征研究与其生理生化特性之间的关系,高光谱遥感数据在提取作物生理生化特征、提取作物冠层信息、估产以及预测病虫害等许多方面都表现出巨大的应用潜力.本文概述了利用高光谱数据提取作物冠层信息的研究现状、展望及其在新疆棉花生产中的应用和前景. 展开更多
关键词 高光谱遥感 提取 作物冠层特征信息
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基于语义分割网络的植保机器人视觉伺服控制方法 被引量:2
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作者 李秀智 方会敏 +2 位作者 朱玉垒 杜博文 董泓佑 《农业机械学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第5期21-27,39,共8页
为实现稳定可靠的植保机器人视觉伺服控制,提出了一种基于语义分割网络的作物行特征检测方法。基于语义分割网络ESNet实现农田场景图像像素级带状区域检测,并利用最小二乘算法拟合得到每条行作物线特征;在此基础上通过设计一种主导航线... 为实现稳定可靠的植保机器人视觉伺服控制,提出了一种基于语义分割网络的作物行特征检测方法。基于语义分割网络ESNet实现农田场景图像像素级带状区域检测,并利用最小二乘算法拟合得到每条行作物线特征;在此基础上通过设计一种主导航线提取算法获取导航路径,并利用卡尔曼滤波对主导航线几何参数进行平滑处理,有效抑制了不平整地面导致的机器人运动颠簸与视觉图像测量噪声引起的导航参数波动。继而构建机器人前轮转向、后轮差速的阿克曼运动学模型;在图像空间坐标下设计纯追踪控制器实现植保机器人的伺服运动控制。大田环境下的现场实验结果为:总体横向偏差为0.092 m,验证了本文方法的有效性。 展开更多
关键词 植保机器人 视觉伺服控制 深度学习 语义分割网络 作物特征检测
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针对玉米的作物特性的干旱指数 被引量:3
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作者 沙奕卓 娄秀荣 《气象科技》 北大核心 1994年第2期56-64,F003,共10页
针对玉米的作物特性的干旱指数StevenJ.Meyer等Ⅰ.模式的研制与验证摘要目前广泛使用的农业干旱指标[如帕尔默干旱严重程度指数(PDSI)和作物水分指数(CMI)]都没有考虑特定作物对干旱事件的响应。因此,由P... 针对玉米的作物特性的干旱指数StevenJ.Meyer等Ⅰ.模式的研制与验证摘要目前广泛使用的农业干旱指标[如帕尔默干旱严重程度指数(PDSI)和作物水分指数(CMI)]都没有考虑特定作物对干旱事件的响应。因此,由PDSI及CMI等指数得到的值都不能... 展开更多
关键词 干旱监测 玉米 作物特征 干旱指数
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塔里木盆地东南缘绿洲区土壤砷空间分布及农作物砷富集特征 被引量:5
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作者 陈云飞 周金龙 +4 位作者 曾妍妍 王松涛 杜江岩 孙英 顾思博 《环境科学》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2020年第1期438-448,共11页
以新疆塔里木盆地东南缘的巴音郭楞蒙古自治州的若羌县、且末县和和田地区的民丰县、于田县的绿洲区为研究区,采集表层土壤3487组、土壤剖面采样点35组,农产品及根系土壤采样点93组,综合采用数理统计方法、地统计学和GIS技术,研究土壤A... 以新疆塔里木盆地东南缘的巴音郭楞蒙古自治州的若羌县、且末县和和田地区的民丰县、于田县的绿洲区为研究区,采集表层土壤3487组、土壤剖面采样点35组,农产品及根系土壤采样点93组,综合采用数理统计方法、地统计学和GIS技术,研究土壤As的空间分布特征,探讨各类农产品对As富集的影响,比较空间自相关性显著区域和空间自相关性无显著区域内农产品和根系土壤中As的含量特征.结果表明土壤As含量较低,农用地和非农用地土壤As含量均值分别为9. 81mg·kg-1和7. 94 mg·kg-1.表层土壤As含量超过新疆土壤背景值的采样点个数为568个,占总取样点数的16. 3%;超过风险筛选值的采样点个数为5个.土壤As空间自相关的莫兰指数均大于0,空间聚集类型主要以高-高型和低-低型为主,其中高-高型聚集区主要位于各县农用地范围内.GIS空间分布显示,土壤As含量高值区呈片状集中或岛状零散分布.标准差椭圆显示,若羌县土壤As含量变化趋势方向为南北方向,且末县和民丰县土壤As含量变化趋势方向为西南-东北方向,于田县土壤As含量变化趋势方向为西北-东南方向.若羌县农用地土壤垂向剖面上As含量从地表到深层存在波动,其余各县都相对稳定.研究区农作物对As的富集能力表现为:根茎类蔬菜>核桃>小麦>玉米>红枣,玉米和红枣的As含量与根系土的As含量在0. 05水平下呈现显著正相关.空间自相关性显著区和空间自相关无显著区的农产品中的As含量无显著性差异,而两个区域根系土壤的As含量存在显著性差异. 展开更多
关键词 土壤砷 空间分布 地统计学 空间自相关性 标准差椭圆 作物As富集特征 塔里木盆地东南缘
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优质米水稻新品种吉引T39种植栽培技术报告
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作者 魏树 吴耀明 《银川科技》 2002年第4期19-20,共2页
关键词 米水稻 种植栽培 吉引T39品种 作物特征
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Characterization of African Eggplant for Morphological Characteristics 被引量:1
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作者 M. K. Osei B. Banful +1 位作者 C. K. Osei M. O. Oluoch 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology》 2010年第3期33-37,共5页
Systematic characterization of available crop varieties using morphological traits is needed to fuel breeders' efforts in African eggplant. Twenty-eight accessions of African eggplant from three species of Solanum ae... Systematic characterization of available crop varieties using morphological traits is needed to fuel breeders' efforts in African eggplant. Twenty-eight accessions of African eggplant from three species of Solanum aethiopicum (16), Solanum macrocarpon (9) and Solanum anguivi (3) were characterized using standard morphological descriptors. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The results indicated distinct and wide variations between the three Solanum species studied. There were however a lot of similarities between the S. aethiopicum and S. anguivi lines. This suggests the two materials being closer to each other than they are to the S. macrocarpon. 展开更多
关键词 LANDRACES TRAITS variation African eggplant MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION
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Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Live Fish through the Moire Technique
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作者 Ariovaldo Jose da Silva Juliana Aparecida Fracarolli +3 位作者 Fernanda Fernandes Adimari Pavarin Katia CristinaSuzigan Thais Queiroz Zorzeto Cesar Inacio Maria Dal Fabbro 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B)》 2018年第4期242-246,共5页
Currently, in fish farms, the controls of the physical characteristics of the fishes, for example, size and mass are made by means of the operation of fish removal, in which the tanks are emptied to capture the animal... Currently, in fish farms, the controls of the physical characteristics of the fishes, for example, size and mass are made by means of the operation of fish removal, in which the tanks are emptied to capture the animals and perform the biometry. This operation demands large volumes of water and generates effluent containing high concentrations of organic matter and nutrients that can contribute to the deterioration of water quality in the recipient bodies. Therefore, the development of technologies that use digital image processing, such as the moird technique and image analysis, can be important allies for the preservation of environmental quality by avoiding the fish removal and the discharge of effluents, increasing productivity due to optimization of the time and still the saving of water. To obtain the images a 9-liter glass aquarium, a support for notebook and light projector, a digital camera brand Samsung Galaxy Camera 2 were used. The objective of this work was to obtain the three-dimensional reconstruction of live fish in aquariums. In the future, the technique can be developed to obtain the mass and the volume of the fish in fish tanks, replacing the fish removal, allowing the preservation of water resources. 展开更多
关键词 Oreochromis niloticus fish removal water saving image analysis biometrics.
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The Fatherhood Premium: Mirage or Reality? How Do Occupational Characteristics Matter 被引量:1
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作者 Ruoqing Rachelle Wang-Cendejas Ling Bai 《Sociology Study》 2018年第4期157-170,共14页
A differential fatherhood premium exists among selected groups of fathers of various socio-economic backgrounds. Besides marital status, residential arrangement, biological paternity, and other demographic dimensions,... A differential fatherhood premium exists among selected groups of fathers of various socio-economic backgrounds. Besides marital status, residential arrangement, biological paternity, and other demographic dimensions, the mechanisms associated with fathers' structural characteristics of work that produce divergent labor market outcomes are less well understood. The authors leveraged the cases of productivity and specialization, family and responsibility, and compensating differentials and examined the impacts of work context and occupational characteristics on the pay gap between fathers and non-fathers Based on joint data from the 1997-2015 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97) and Occupational Information Network (O'NET) (n -- 37,138), the authors used fixed-effects models to estimate the associations between job features and the fatherhood premium. The regression results showed that occupations entailing competition and requiring on-the-job training are associated with more wage bonus; occupations offering inflexible schedule are associated with less wage gain These work-related characteristics further emphasize fathers' work structure and context, human capital accumulation, and work-family conflict. Overall, these findings are consistent with the theoretical perspectives of productivity and specialization and compensating differentials, adding new evidences to the structural explanations of the fatherhood premium. 展开更多
关键词 Fatherhood premium occupational characteristics work-family conflict
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RESEARCH ON SEGMENTATION OF WEED IMAGES BASED ON COMPUTER VISION
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作者 Liu Yajing Yang Fan Yang Ruixia Jia Kejin Zhang Hongtao 《Journal of Electronics(China)》 2007年第2期285-288,共4页
In this letter, a segment algorithm based on color feature of images is proposed. The al- gorithm separates the weed area from soil background according to the color eigenvalue, which is obtained by analyzing the colo... In this letter, a segment algorithm based on color feature of images is proposed. The al- gorithm separates the weed area from soil background according to the color eigenvalue, which is obtained by analyzing the color difference between the weeds and background in three color spaces RGB, rgb and HSI. The results of the experiment show that it can get notable effect in segmentation according to the color feature, and the possibility of successful segmentation is 87%-93%. This method can also be widely used in other fields which are complicated in the background of the image and facilely influenced in illumination, such as weed identification, tree species discrimination, fruit picking and so on. 展开更多
关键词 Computer vision Weed images Color feature Complex illumination SEGMENT
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The Study of the Market Economy Problem by the Method of Econophysics
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作者 Askerov Shahlar Gachay Askerov Anar Shahlar 《Management Studies》 2018年第5期395-401,共7页
The article considers the econophysical analysis of the relationship between monopoly and competition by using the methods, terms of physics. And it was investigated the philosophy of progress. It has been shown that ... The article considers the econophysical analysis of the relationship between monopoly and competition by using the methods, terms of physics. And it was investigated the philosophy of progress. It has been shown that in the transition from absolute monopoly to imperfect monopoly, the system becomes more complex, and its output characteristics depend on time, because monopoly is a natural, competitive is derivative process. Competition is created as a result of the interaction of at least two ~monopoly firms" through the ~market field" that they create to increase the production which is necessary of non-linear products over time. To do this, it is sufficient to have a multitude of firms interacting with each other under the influence force of ~market field". To create the necessary conditions, it is sufficient to have a high level of university education and a legal field for competition and unbreakable antitrust legislation. By acquiring technology and creating conditions for competition in the market, it is possible to achieve progress even without having a strong science. The term ~progress" has received a new content and is defined as the value of a numerically equal increase in the rate of production per unit time or production per squared time. It has been shown that the relationship between monopoly and competition is very simple and there is no contradiction between them. Initially, the market is born as a monopoly, and then analogical firms were created, competition between firms begins 展开更多
关键词 ECONOPHYSICS market MONOPOLY competition DUOPOLY OLIGOPOLY progress sputtering speeds of production
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Attractive natural products with strained cyclopropane and/or cyclobutane ring systems 被引量:6
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作者 Yao-Yue Fan Xin-Hua Gao Jian-Min Yue 《Science China Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2016年第9期1126-1141,共16页
The strained cyclopropane and/or cyclobutane subunits occurred in many complex natural products including terpenoids, steroids and alkaloids. Natural products with cyclopropane and/or cyclobutane motifs not only furni... The strained cyclopropane and/or cyclobutane subunits occurred in many complex natural products including terpenoids, steroids and alkaloids. Natural products with cyclopropane and/or cyclobutane motifs not only furnished fascinating structures, but also exhibited versatile biological activities, such as cytotoxic, anti-HIM antimicrobial, antiviral, and immunosuppressive effects. This review covered a large array of structurally unique natural products with strained cyclopropane and/or cyclobutane motifs and summarized their structural features, distributions, biological activities, as well as biogenetic considerations. 展开更多
关键词 natural products cyclopropane-containing cyclobutane-containing biological activity biosynthetic pathway
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