基于Cortex-M3的农作物生长参数监测系统设计

为了快速、全面地获取农作物生长过程中的参数变化(土壤墒情、雨量、地下水位),满足农业生产对信息的需求,提高粮食产量,设计开发了基于Cortex-M3的农作物生长参数监测系统。系统用多种智能传感器组成传感器网络,能够实时采集雨量、土壤含水率和地下水位数据,经软件解析、处理后,通过GPRS网络实现数据的无线传输。系统供电采用太阳能电池板和铅酸蓄电池两种方式,提高了设备野外工作的稳定性。硬件设计采用Cortex-m3内核的stm32f103作为MCU,相比于ARM系列,功耗降低了1/4,速度快了1/3。软件设计开发了数据采集、无线通信和在线访问等程序,通过浏览器,即使在远离监测点的异地,也能够实时查看设备状态和访问历史数据。经实践验证,系统能实现数据的稳定传输,适合农作物生长参数的实时监测。

河套地区食用向日葵干旱等级指标研究

建立系统性的向日葵干旱灾害指标,开展向日葵干旱灾害的监测、影响评估和节水灌溉服务,对河套地区防灾减灾和指导灌溉生产意义重大。本文在向日葵土壤水分控制田间试验研究成果的基础上,通过建立土壤相对湿度和作物生长参数之间的关系模型,得出了食用向日葵出苗~花序形成、花序形成~开花后一周、开花后一周~成熟3个生育阶段轻旱、中旱、重旱、特旱的等级指标。同时,利用农业气象常规观测站2005—2019年从向日葵播种到收获每月3次(8日、18日、28日)的土壤水分观测数据,分析每次灌溉前的土壤相对湿度对应干旱等级来判断实际旱情,通过是否进行实际灌溉来验证干旱评价结果的准确性。结果发现:根据土壤相对湿度确定的向日葵3个生育阶段发生轻旱的临界值分别为65%、70%和60%,发生中旱的临界值分别为55%、60%和50%,发生重旱的临界值分别为45%、50%和40%,发生特旱的临界值分别为35%、40%和30%。向日葵历史观测数据的验证结果也表明基于土壤相对湿度的干旱等级指标合理且能很好地应用实际灌溉指导。

Effects of Different NaCl Doses on Morphological and Physiological Parameters in Mentha piperita L.

Salt stress is one of the most serious limiting factors for crop growth and production. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of salt stress in four Mentha piperita L. varieties, in greenhouse conditions. The seedlings were irrigated with 1/2 Hoagland nutrition solutions. Following 10 d of growth in the pots, the seedlings were subjected to salt stress with different concentrations of NaCl （0, 50 and 100 mM, respectively）. Responses of the mint varieties to salt stress were evaluated using some plant growth and physiological parameters, such as plant height, root length, shoot and root fresh and dry weight, and ion concentrations in leaves, such as Na, K, Ca and Cl. Salt stress caused reduction in physiological parameters. However, this reduction was significant at 100 mM NaCl compared to 50 mM NaCl. These two concentrations of NaCl increased Na and Cl contents in leaves. However, K and Ca contents were decreased with salinity. The results showed that Mentha piperita cv. Sewiss and Granada were found more tolerant to salt stress than cv. Marokko and Citaro.