换相失败是直流输电系统最常见的故障,受端系统交流故障是其最主要的诱因之一。对于大规模多馈入交直流系统,如何准确并快速地评估受端系统交流故障导致多回直流系统同时换相失败的风险,对于保障我国电网安全稳定运行、防止大停电事故...换相失败是直流输电系统最常见的故障,受端系统交流故障是其最主要的诱因之一。对于大规模多馈入交直流系统,如何准确并快速地评估受端系统交流故障导致多回直流系统同时换相失败的风险,对于保障我国电网安全稳定运行、防止大停电事故发生具有重要意义。考虑电力系统实际运行情况,基于临界交直流系统电压耦合作用因子(critical AC-DC voltage coupling factor,CADVCF),推导出简化临界交直流系统电压耦合作用因子(simplified critical AC-DC voltage coupling factor,SCADVCF)的3种计算公式,解决了受端交流系统规模过大导致的计算繁杂的问题。针对直流系统额定功率运行和非额定功率运行的场景,分别给出了不同的换相失败风险评估方法。仿真结果证明了所提简化指标和评估方法的准确性和有效性。展开更多
为解决传统有限集模型预测电流控制FCS-MPCC(finite-control-set model predictive current control)方法下开关频率不固定和网侧电流谐波大等问题,以单相PWM整流器为研究对象,研究了一种两矢量有限集模型预测电流控制TV-FCS-MPCC(two-v...为解决传统有限集模型预测电流控制FCS-MPCC(finite-control-set model predictive current control)方法下开关频率不固定和网侧电流谐波大等问题,以单相PWM整流器为研究对象,研究了一种两矢量有限集模型预测电流控制TV-FCS-MPCC(two-vector-based finite-control-set model predictive current control)方法。该方法根据整流器的3种电压矢量进行扇区划分,并在每个开关周期内同时作用一个扇区内的2个边界矢量;结合电流误差评价函数,求解出各扇区边界电压矢量的最优作用时间;最后采用电流误差评价函数值最小的扇区边界矢量,并通过调制模块产生相应开关信号。为验证所提方法的正确性和有效性,在小功率实验平台上对该TV-FCS-MPCC与传统FCS-MPCC方法进行了实验对比研究,研究结果表明:TV-FCS-MPCC方法可以有效实现单相PWM整流器的控制目标,与传统FCS-MPCC方法相比,所提方法可以实现开关频率的固定,并降低网侧电流THD。展开更多
The establishment of multi-component catalytic systems on Fe2O3 photoanodes presents considerable potential for significantly enhancing the performance of photoelectrochemical water splitting systems. In this study, w...The establishment of multi-component catalytic systems on Fe2O3 photoanodes presents considerable potential for significantly enhancing the performance of photoelectrochemical water splitting systems. In this study, we hydrothermally synthesized a Fe2O3 photoanode. In addition, d-Fe OOH synthesized via dip-coating and hydrothermally prepared h-FeOOH were used as cocatalysts and their synergistic combinations with cobalt phosphate(Co-Pi) were investigated. The synergy between h-FeOOH and Co-Pi was remarkable, whereas that between d-Fe OOH and Co-Pi was negligible. For example, the onset potentials of the Co-Pi/h-FeOOH and Co-Pi/d-FeOOH dual catalysts, were cathodically shifted by 270 and 170 m V, respectively. Moreover, the photocurrent density of the Co-Pi/h-FeOOH/Fe2O3 anode was significantly higher than that of the Co-Pi/d-FeOOH/Fe2O3 one. The synergistic effect of Co-Pi and h-FeOOH could be attributed to the significantly inhibited recombination of surface charges owing to the formation of a p-n junction between β-FeOOH and Fe2O3 and the large contact area between the granular h-FeOOH and Co-Pi. However, the thin amorphous FeOOH layer of the Co-Pi/d-FeOOH/Fe2O3 anode acted as a hole-transfer medium, and weakly promoted the kinetics of the charge transfer process.展开更多
In order to consider the thermal and electrical coherent transport in a mesoscopic conductor under the influence of electron-electron interaction, in this paper, we establish a method in terms of which one can analyti...In order to consider the thermal and electrical coherent transport in a mesoscopic conductor under the influence of electron-electron interaction, in this paper, we establish a method in terms of which one can analytically obtain the Hartree self-consistent potential instead of computing it by the numerical iterative procedure as usual, which is convenient for us to describe the thermal and electric current flow through a mesoscopic conductor. If we study the electron-electron interaction at the Hartree approximation level, the Hartree potential satisfies the Poisson equation and Schroedinger equation, so when we expand the action function S（x） by Planck constant h, the self-consistent potential and the wavefunction can be solved analytically order by order, and the thermal and electrical conductance can thus be obtained readily. However, we just show the quantum corrections up to the second order.展开更多
By means of improved ligand-field theory, the ＂pure electronic＂ pressure-induced shift （PS） and the PS due to electron-phonon interaction （EPI） of R-line of MgO：Cr^3＋ have been calculated, respectively. The ca...By means of improved ligand-field theory, the ＂pure electronic＂ pressure-induced shift （PS） and the PS due to electron-phonon interaction （EPI） of R-line of MgO：Cr^3＋ have been calculated, respectively. The calculated results are in very good agreement with the experimental data. The behaviors of the pure electronic PS of R-line of MgO：Cr^3＋ and the PS of its R-line due to EPI are different. It is the combined effect of them that gives rise to the total PS of R-line, which has satisfactorily explained the experimental results. The comparison between the feature of R-line PS of MgO：Cr^3＋ and that of R1-line PS of ruby has been made.展开更多
文摘快速并准确地评估受端系统交流故障导致多馈入直流系统换相失败的风险,对于保障大电网的安全稳定运行具有重要意义。在多馈入交互作用因子(multi-infeed interaction factor,MIIF)定义的启发下,提出了交直流系统电压耦合作用因子(AC-DC voltage coupling factor,ADVCF)的概念,并基于节点阻抗矩阵推导出ADVCF的简便计算公式。通过最小熄弧角判断标准推导出临界交直流系统电压耦合作用因子(critical ac-dc voltage coupling factor,CADVCF)指标的通用表达式,基于CADVCF提出了一种快速评估多馈入直流系统换相失败风险的方法:受端系统某交流母线发生三相短路故障时,如果某回直流与该交流母线间的ADVCF大于CADVCF,则该回直流会发生换相失败。实际大电网的分析结果证明了所提评估方法的快速性和准确性。
文摘换相失败是直流输电系统最常见的故障,受端系统交流故障是其最主要的诱因之一。对于大规模多馈入交直流系统,如何准确并快速地评估受端系统交流故障导致多回直流系统同时换相失败的风险,对于保障我国电网安全稳定运行、防止大停电事故发生具有重要意义。考虑电力系统实际运行情况,基于临界交直流系统电压耦合作用因子(critical AC-DC voltage coupling factor,CADVCF),推导出简化临界交直流系统电压耦合作用因子(simplified critical AC-DC voltage coupling factor,SCADVCF)的3种计算公式,解决了受端交流系统规模过大导致的计算繁杂的问题。针对直流系统额定功率运行和非额定功率运行的场景,分别给出了不同的换相失败风险评估方法。仿真结果证明了所提简化指标和评估方法的准确性和有效性。
文摘为解决传统有限集模型预测电流控制FCS-MPCC(finite-control-set model predictive current control)方法下开关频率不固定和网侧电流谐波大等问题,以单相PWM整流器为研究对象,研究了一种两矢量有限集模型预测电流控制TV-FCS-MPCC(two-vector-based finite-control-set model predictive current control)方法。该方法根据整流器的3种电压矢量进行扇区划分,并在每个开关周期内同时作用一个扇区内的2个边界矢量;结合电流误差评价函数,求解出各扇区边界电压矢量的最优作用时间;最后采用电流误差评价函数值最小的扇区边界矢量,并通过调制模块产生相应开关信号。为验证所提方法的正确性和有效性,在小功率实验平台上对该TV-FCS-MPCC与传统FCS-MPCC方法进行了实验对比研究,研究结果表明:TV-FCS-MPCC方法可以有效实现单相PWM整流器的控制目标,与传统FCS-MPCC方法相比,所提方法可以实现开关频率的固定,并降低网侧电流THD。
文摘The establishment of multi-component catalytic systems on Fe2O3 photoanodes presents considerable potential for significantly enhancing the performance of photoelectrochemical water splitting systems. In this study, we hydrothermally synthesized a Fe2O3 photoanode. In addition, d-Fe OOH synthesized via dip-coating and hydrothermally prepared h-FeOOH were used as cocatalysts and their synergistic combinations with cobalt phosphate(Co-Pi) were investigated. The synergy between h-FeOOH and Co-Pi was remarkable, whereas that between d-Fe OOH and Co-Pi was negligible. For example, the onset potentials of the Co-Pi/h-FeOOH and Co-Pi/d-FeOOH dual catalysts, were cathodically shifted by 270 and 170 m V, respectively. Moreover, the photocurrent density of the Co-Pi/h-FeOOH/Fe2O3 anode was significantly higher than that of the Co-Pi/d-FeOOH/Fe2O3 one. The synergistic effect of Co-Pi and h-FeOOH could be attributed to the significantly inhibited recombination of surface charges owing to the formation of a p-n junction between β-FeOOH and Fe2O3 and the large contact area between the granular h-FeOOH and Co-Pi. However, the thin amorphous FeOOH layer of the Co-Pi/d-FeOOH/Fe2O3 anode acted as a hole-transfer medium, and weakly promoted the kinetics of the charge transfer process.
文摘In order to consider the thermal and electrical coherent transport in a mesoscopic conductor under the influence of electron-electron interaction, in this paper, we establish a method in terms of which one can analytically obtain the Hartree self-consistent potential instead of computing it by the numerical iterative procedure as usual, which is convenient for us to describe the thermal and electric current flow through a mesoscopic conductor. If we study the electron-electron interaction at the Hartree approximation level, the Hartree potential satisfies the Poisson equation and Schroedinger equation, so when we expand the action function S（x） by Planck constant h, the self-consistent potential and the wavefunction can be solved analytically order by order, and the thermal and electrical conductance can thus be obtained readily. However, we just show the quantum corrections up to the second order.
文摘By means of improved ligand-field theory, the ＂pure electronic＂ pressure-induced shift （PS） and the PS due to electron-phonon interaction （EPI） of R-line of MgO：Cr^3＋ have been calculated, respectively. The calculated results are in very good agreement with the experimental data. The behaviors of the pure electronic PS of R-line of MgO：Cr^3＋ and the PS of its R-line due to EPI are different. It is the combined effect of them that gives rise to the total PS of R-line, which has satisfactorily explained the experimental results. The comparison between the feature of R-line PS of MgO：Cr^3＋ and that of R1-line PS of ruby has been made.
