乾嘉学者的生存状态试析

清乾嘉时期,随着朴学思潮的盛行,出现了我国历史上少见的“学者社会”的局面,从皇帝到贫民无不席卷到朴学的大潮之中,因而学者的生存状态是多种多样的,主要包括辞官归隐、布衣终身、亦官亦学、作幕生涯、亦商亦学、作馆等几种主要的方式。而学者的这种多样的生存状态,反过来又促进了“学者社会”的形成与发展。

Jamesian Impressions of the Cities

A writer＇s narrative style is about the way in which he or she comes to handle a subject--it can be a theme, a character, or a place, etc.. When someone tries to define Henry James＇s writing style, for instance, he or she is amazed by the sense of richness in Jamesian styles, because of the writer＇s own life experience and life style Travelling around different cities and going to art galleries and museums certainly construct James＇s unique way of seeing. In this article, the author wants to focus on Jamesian ways of seeing the relation between art and writing. Treating novel as a form of fine arts, the author would suggest, James uses techniques of painting and photography in the writing about the impressions of the cities.

Multimedia Production and Multi（media） Literacy in Gymnasiums

The article displays the possibilities for introducing multimedia production based on computer science to gymnasiums （general secondary school programs）, where students who usually continue their education at college are educated. The purpose of the research was to prepare an assessment of the situation and recommendations to gymnasiums on how to improve the situation in this field and what options and opportunities appear for schools and the media environment in which they are active. Special attention was paid to the situation of activities （extracurricular activities and optional subjects） related to multimedia production and uses of ICT （information-communication technology）.

The Transformation of Archival Philosophy and Practice Through Digital Art

In many ways, digital practices have precipitated remarkable changes in the global accessibility of art. However, the digital revolution has also radically influenced the conservation processes surrounding art, including archiving, preserving, and remembering. This paper explores the conservation of digital （or ＂variable media＂） artworks for the future benefit of culture, with particular reference to creators and viewers of art, as well as participants in interactive artworks. More specifically, this paper focuses on the philosophical and technical approaches adopted by creators, conservators, and philosophers involved in the preservation of variable media artworks. Issues of programming, interoperability between archival systems, and enhanced public access increasingly inform the design of digital archives. Indeed, the continuously shifting technological landscape-marked by the centrality of digital technologies to everyday life-problematizes the preservation of digital art through mainstream museological paradigms. Part of this analysis of digital art conservation will be drawn from the archival philosophies of Boris Groys and Rick Prelinger.

竹里馆——代王维作

月，早已在不知不觉中爬上了那幽蓝的夜，恬恬的星星也在旁边。 我很喜欢月夜，喜欢这份恬静，安逸，所以我坐在这安静的林子里，就这么坐着，享受这份只属于我的月夜。

London in Love

In this paper, I read several literary texts, in order to demonstrate the relation between the viewing subject and the gazed object, in terms of love, illusion, and and aesthetic ecstasy. Walter Benjamin＇s untitled poem illuminates love and blessing through artistic images, as in Giorgio de Chirico＇s painting, The Song of Love （1914）. Love in London is somehow a dream-like image--a surreal illusion of love, which stays in the viewer＇s mind as a poem of colours, representing etemity. Virginia Woolf＇s Night andDay says it better, when Mary walks into the British Museum and gazes at the Elgin Marbles, thinking how much she is in love with Ralph. John Keats＇ ＂On Seeing the Elgin Marbles＂ also depicts the way in which a gaze of love could be an eternal moment of aesthetic ecstasy .

Ancient Festivals in Kiitahya： A Narrative Research

The aim of this research is to analyse the celebration of ancient festivals through narrations. The study is a qualitative research in which narrative research was employed. The study was carried out in Kiitahya. The participants were selected using the snowball sampling technique which is a part of purposeful sampling. In the study, the data were collected through unstructured interviews, which are commonly used in narrative research. According to the results of the analysis, the festivals were examined as three themes： religious festivals, national festivals, and seasonal festivals. Preparations before the religious festivals include cleaning, shopping, and preparing meals. In the morning of the first festival day, fathers go to prayer with their sons. Then they visit cemetery. Women do not join these visits. In festival visits, guests are given socks and handkerchief. Preparations of national festivals begin long before. Streets are decorated with flags which signal the preparations. Celebrations mostly take place in stadiums. Reports showed that the celebrations of Nowruz are rare in Kfitahya. Reports indicated that in Kfitahya, Hldlrellez is much more frequently celebrated in contrast to Nowruz. Painting and clinking eggs are also seen in the celebration of Hldlrellez.

Current Resource-using Situation and Countermeasure Research of the Coliseum in the Conservation-oriented Society.

Constructing a conservation-oriented society is a very urgent mission for China at present, and how the large-scale athletic events carry through economical principle and policy is the topic that each physical worker needs research. Based on literature cite and expert＇ s interviewing etc. this text makes analysis to the present resource-using condition of the coliseum in the economy-oriented society, and puts forward related countermeasures of the coliseum＇ s development as reference to decision makers.

Machines as readers: A solution to the copyright problem

Copyright and its international complications have presented a significant barrier to the Universal Digital Library （UDL）＇s mission to digitize all the published works of mankind and make them available throughout the world. We discuss the effect of existing copyright treaties and various proposals, such as compulsory licensing and the public lending fight that would allow access to copyrighted works without requiring permission of their owners. We argue that these schemes are ineffective for purposes of the UDL. Instead, making use of the international consensus that copyright does not protect facts, information or processes, we propose to scan works digitally to extract their intellectual content, and then generate by machine synthetic works that capture this content, and then translate the generated works automatically into multiple languages and distribute them free of copyright restriction.

Study on the Application of K-Means Algorithm Implemented Hadoop Platform to the Library Work in Colleges and Universities

In this paper, the borrowing data of readers is analyzed and studied by taking K-Means algorithm as an example and implementing this algorithm in Hadoop calculation platform, and data mining technology is effectively and closely combined with personalized library service through the experimental data.

The plight and Countermeasures brought to the constructions of library literature by effect of college enrollment

This text introduces the concept of local literature and collection range, explains the significance of literature collection and explores building programs of local university library. Currently, university library generally put a strong emphasis on collection of academic literature, but has less attention on literature collections which reflect the situation of university location, or even worse, simply don＇ t launch business in this field. For the university library, it is a great loss of literature information resources, as well as a great regret of library work. First, what is the local literature？ It is literature data which document a region＇ s past and present issues like politics, economy, culture, education, history, geography and other aspects like important characters and events, customs, folklore etc.

The Anthroposophy of Professor Radojcic

In this paper, we present life and scientific work of Dr. Milog Radojcic （1903-1975）, the professor of the University of Belgrade and corresponding member of the Serbian Academy of Science and Arts. In the background of all of Radojcic＇s scientific works were the doctrine of anthroposophy and geometry as its essential part. It led him to, at the time, most contemporary problems in mathematics and mathematical physics. His interest in Medieval art reveals a personality capable to unify by itself artistic and scientific worldview. His published works were digitized in 2008 at the Mathematical Institute of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts and exhibited as a part of the virtual library of the National Center for Digitization. Some of his papers, both published and unpublished ones, are extremly actual and their republishing could be very important not only for scientific but also for general public as well

The Educational Role of Libraries in the Digital Age Among the High School and University Student in Slavonski Brod and Osijek

A society of knowledge has a mission based on information dissemination and its usage, but its purpose cannot be completely realized without library as an institution that collects, processes, archives, protects and provides library collections to the public. Elementary- and high-school libraries, as well as the academic ones, are ubiquitous as associates and promoters of importance of information in the Digital Age. Information literacy becomes a foundation of an individual＇s literacy in general and leads him/her toward lifelong learning that becomes a philosophy on the way to a society of knowledge. The paper presents research results of informatics and information literacy among students with a purpose of improving the library mission and vision within future education. Data were collected by poll and the pollees were high-school and university students of Slavonski Brod and Osijek. This study found that although the trend of Internet usage in a library is not high, the percentage of those possessing a basic Information and Communication Technology OCT） literacy level is high. Another significant fact is that the number of those unskilled in ICT usage （online database and catalog search） is high which represents a challenge to the libraries and ICT experts who are the incumbents of great responsibility.

The Recompositions of Buus＇（1547）RicercariFrom His Libro primo.., in Manuscript P-Cug MM 242 and the Didactic Processes of the Friars of the Santa Cruz Monastery in Coimbra.

The purpose of this articleis to address the presence of seven recomposed ricercari by Jacques Buus in the Music Manuscript 242 from the Library of the University of Coimbra in Portugal （P-Cug MM 242）. These recompositions, probably copied in the third quarter of the 16th century, were made after the previously copied Buus＇s ricercari in Music Manuscript 48 （P-Cug MM 48） of the same library, which were based on the Libro primo de ricercari a quattrovoci, published in Venice in 1547 by Antonio Gardane. In this paper, the author intend to focus in two main aspects of the research done on this subject. The first topic concerns the score-format of both manuscripts 48 ＆ 242, which testify the instrumental activity in mid-sixteenth century Portugal. The author will demonstrate that this format served once, in the Santa Cruz Monastery in Coimbra, as a didactic tool in the teaching of counterpoint through the music of a northern European master such as Jacques Buus. The copies in the manuscripts were never intended to be used as a performing support--they contain many errors of vertical coordination between the voices that make the performance impossible. The second topic focuses on Buus＇ recomposed ricercari, which were the object of many cuts, brief recomposed bridges, newly inserted sections, and written glosa figurations. Through these recompositions, the author will describe the theoretic assimilation of formal processes, of style, mode, counterpoint and performing practice. The achievement of this paper is to offer historic musicology researchers a new perspective about the enormous influence that Buus＇ ricercari from his Libro primo.., had in the learning processes of music composition and in the development of didactic and performing practices in the Santa Cruz Monastery in Coimbra, during the mid-sixteenth century.

Influence of Air Pollution on the Deterioration of Monuments and Museum Collections

The time has come to recognize the extreme importance of the archaeological sites in Jordan. They provide a wealth evidence and precise information regarding ancient civilizations and cultures. The safeguarding of this cultural heritage is one of the most urgent priorities, that involve the proper conservation and preservation methods of all artifacts and buildings that have an important artistic and historic value. Conservation is a whole field in regarding the care and treatment of valuable artifacts, both movable and immovable. It has two aspects： （1） the control of the environment--to minimize the decay of artifacts and materials and （2） the treatment of these--in order to stop or slow down any deterioration and to stabilize them where possible against further dilapidation. The museum environment is a limited space dedicated not only to exhibition but also to the appropriate conservation of works of art. This article presents an overview of the types of damage and deterioration that air pollution causes to indoor cultural heritage materials and monuments. It identifies the main damaging air pollutants from outdoor sources to be sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and sulphide gases.

Mechanisms of Collaboration in the Hotel Supply Chain:Two-Stage Ordering Contract and Option Contract

This paper considers a hotel supply chain consisting of a hotel and an online travel agent （OTA） for the distribution of a limited number of rooms through both offline and online channels. Under the merchant cooperation assumption, to overcome the disadvantages of the decentralized decision model and demand uncertainty, two collaboration mechanisms, namely a two-stage ordering contract and an option contract, are introduced to increase the profit in the hotel supply chain. This paper investigates the optimal decisions of the hotel and the OTA under different contract models. Moreover, the authors analyze the effect of demand uncertainty and the interaction of demand variability and the hotel＇s capacity on the profits of the hotel and the OTA under different models. The results show that both the two-stage ordering contract and the option contract can increase the profits of the entire supply chain and the hotel; however, the profit of the OTA can be increased through the two-stage ordering contract and option contract only when the hotel＇s capacity is relatively small and the demand variability is big; otherwise, the two collaboration mechanisms cannot increase the OTA＇s profit.