Substance flow analysis was applied to analyzing the lead emissions in 2010. It turns out that in 2010, for every 1 kg of lead consumed, 0.48 kg lead is lost into the environment. The emissions in 2010 were estimated ...Substance flow analysis was applied to analyzing the lead emissions in 2010. It turns out that in 2010, for every 1 kg of lead consumed, 0.48 kg lead is lost into the environment. The emissions in 2010 were estimated to be 1.89×10^6 t, which were mainly from use （39.20%） and waste management＆recycling （33.13%）. The accumulative lead in 1960-2010 from the anthropogenic flow was estimated and the results show that the total accumulative lead in this period amounted to 19.54×10^6 t, which was equivalent to 14.26 kg and 2.04 g/m^2 at the present population and territory.展开更多
Objective.To describe the prevalence of hepatitis B virus(HBV) and hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection and the associated risk factors in a prison population.Material and methods.In this cross-sectional study,from Novemb...Objective.To describe the prevalence of hepatitis B virus(HBV) and hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection and the associated risk factors in a prison population.Material and methods.In this cross-sectional study,from November 2004 to February 2005,all 297 newly sentenced prisoners(mean age 37.5± 11.7 years,age range 16-69 years) ,who had never used illicit drugs received routine blood check-ups and completed a face-to-face interview.Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibodies were tested using the t-test,chi-square test,and logistic regression.Results.Among the 297 subjects,13.1% were positive for HBsAg,8.4% were positive for anti-HCV,and 1.7% were positive for combined HBsAg and anti-HCV.Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that tattooing(odds ratio = 2.24,95% CI = 1.03-4.88) and an elevated alanine aminotransferase(ALAT) level(odds ratio = 4.10,95% CI = 1.61-10.40) were independently related to HCV infection.Conclusions.Screening of HBV and HCV infection in prison populations remains necessary.Tattooing and elevated ALAT level are identified as the related factors of HCV infection.展开更多
基金Project (41171361) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Substance flow analysis was applied to analyzing the lead emissions in 2010. It turns out that in 2010, for every 1 kg of lead consumed, 0.48 kg lead is lost into the environment. The emissions in 2010 were estimated to be 1.89×10^6 t, which were mainly from use （39.20%） and waste management＆recycling （33.13%）. The accumulative lead in 1960-2010 from the anthropogenic flow was estimated and the results show that the total accumulative lead in this period amounted to 19.54×10^6 t, which was equivalent to 14.26 kg and 2.04 g/m^2 at the present population and territory.
文摘Objective.To describe the prevalence of hepatitis B virus(HBV) and hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection and the associated risk factors in a prison population.Material and methods.In this cross-sectional study,from November 2004 to February 2005,all 297 newly sentenced prisoners(mean age 37.5± 11.7 years,age range 16-69 years) ,who had never used illicit drugs received routine blood check-ups and completed a face-to-face interview.Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibodies were tested using the t-test,chi-square test,and logistic regression.Results.Among the 297 subjects,13.1% were positive for HBsAg,8.4% were positive for anti-HCV,and 1.7% were positive for combined HBsAg and anti-HCV.Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that tattooing(odds ratio = 2.24,95% CI = 1.03-4.88) and an elevated alanine aminotransferase(ALAT) level(odds ratio = 4.10,95% CI = 1.61-10.40) were independently related to HCV infection.Conclusions.Screening of HBV and HCV infection in prison populations remains necessary.Tattooing and elevated ALAT level are identified as the related factors of HCV infection.
