We propose a quantum secure communication protocol by using three-particle GHZ states. In this protocol, we utilize the ideas of the rearranging orders and the sequence transmission. The sender of messages, Alice, fir...We propose a quantum secure communication protocol by using three-particle GHZ states. In this protocol, we utilize the ideas of the rearranging orders and the sequence transmission. The sender of messages, Alice, first disturbs the particle orders in an initial sequence, and then sends the sequence of the disturbed orders to the receiver of messages, Bob. Under Alice＇s introduction, Bob rearranges the sequence back to the initial sequence. By making a GHZ state measurement on each of the three particles in turn, Bob can attain Alice＇s secret messages. In addition, we still calculate the efficiency of our three-particle GHZ protocol and generalize it to the case using multi-particle GHZ state.展开更多
Objective： To systematically analyze the therapeutic efficacy and safety of acupuncture in treating functional constipation （FC）. Methods： By searching the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CBM, C...Objective： To systematically analyze the therapeutic efficacy and safety of acupuncture in treating functional constipation （FC）. Methods： By searching the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CBM, CNKI, WanFang databases, the randomized controlled trials （RCTs） comparing acupuncture with Western medication in treating FC were retrieved, from the inception of the databases to September 2013. When the literatures were arranged according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the methodological qualities were evaluated, RevMan 5.2 was adopted for meta-analysis. Results： Ten RCTs were included, covering 1 041 cases of FC. The meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference in comparing spontaneous bowel movements per week between shallow acupuncture at Tianshu （ST 25） and Western medication [MD=0.47, 95% CI （-1.28, 0.34）]; there was a significant difference in comparing the spontaneous bowel movements per week between deep acupuncture at Tianshu （ST 25） and Western medication [MD =0.53, 95% CI （0.13, 0.92）], but the difference was insignificant according to the sensitivity analysis [MD=0.38, 95% Cl （-0.03, 0.80）], indicating the low reliability of the conclusion. Regarding the Cleveland clinic score （CCS）, the difference between shallow acupuncture at Tianshu （ST 25） and Western medication was insignificant [MD = 0.39, 95% Cl （-1.13, 1.91）]; the difference between deep acupuncture at Tianshu （ST 25） and Western medication was significant [MD=2.64, 95% Cl （1.32, 3.97）]. In the evaluation of security, the incidence rate of adverse events in acupuncture treatment （0.31%） was significantly lower than that in Western medication treatment （3.4%）. Conclusion： Although the present systematic review showed that deep acupuncture at Tianshu （ST 25） should have better therapeutic efficacy than Western medication, the reliability and quality of the evidences were poor, and thus the above results require proving by more RCTs of higher quality.展开更多
文摘We propose a quantum secure communication protocol by using three-particle GHZ states. In this protocol, we utilize the ideas of the rearranging orders and the sequence transmission. The sender of messages, Alice, first disturbs the particle orders in an initial sequence, and then sends the sequence of the disturbed orders to the receiver of messages, Bob. Under Alice＇s introduction, Bob rearranges the sequence back to the initial sequence. By making a GHZ state measurement on each of the three particles in turn, Bob can attain Alice＇s secret messages. In addition, we still calculate the efficiency of our three-particle GHZ protocol and generalize it to the case using multi-particle GHZ state.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30973794 and No.81273839)
文摘Objective： To systematically analyze the therapeutic efficacy and safety of acupuncture in treating functional constipation （FC）. Methods： By searching the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CBM, CNKI, WanFang databases, the randomized controlled trials （RCTs） comparing acupuncture with Western medication in treating FC were retrieved, from the inception of the databases to September 2013. When the literatures were arranged according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the methodological qualities were evaluated, RevMan 5.2 was adopted for meta-analysis. Results： Ten RCTs were included, covering 1 041 cases of FC. The meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference in comparing spontaneous bowel movements per week between shallow acupuncture at Tianshu （ST 25） and Western medication [MD=0.47, 95% CI （-1.28, 0.34）]; there was a significant difference in comparing the spontaneous bowel movements per week between deep acupuncture at Tianshu （ST 25） and Western medication [MD =0.53, 95% CI （0.13, 0.92）], but the difference was insignificant according to the sensitivity analysis [MD=0.38, 95% Cl （-0.03, 0.80）], indicating the low reliability of the conclusion. Regarding the Cleveland clinic score （CCS）, the difference between shallow acupuncture at Tianshu （ST 25） and Western medication was insignificant [MD = 0.39, 95% Cl （-1.13, 1.91）]; the difference between deep acupuncture at Tianshu （ST 25） and Western medication was significant [MD=2.64, 95% Cl （1.32, 3.97）]. In the evaluation of security, the incidence rate of adverse events in acupuncture treatment （0.31%） was significantly lower than that in Western medication treatment （3.4%）. Conclusion： Although the present systematic review showed that deep acupuncture at Tianshu （ST 25） should have better therapeutic efficacy than Western medication, the reliability and quality of the evidences were poor, and thus the above results require proving by more RCTs of higher quality.
