市场出清原则下的碳交易定价机制研究

本文通过建立我国森林碳汇供给、需求曲线模型及对供给、需求的阶段性弹性分析,发现我国的碳汇吸收总量远远小于不断上升的碳源排放量,是典型的碳源型国家。在完全竞争的市场条件下,当价格为X时,S=D,是市场出清,此时具有帕累托效率。在完全价格歧视的垄断条件下,碳汇稀缺的林权所有者可根据消费者(碳源)愿意出的价格差别定价,消费者剩余全归林权所有者(碳汇)所有,碳汇的生产者剩余最大并促进了碳汇的整体提升,这时也是帕累托最优。因此,建立市场经济方式(而不是2C式)的完全竞争性质的碳汇交易市场,才是促进节能减排、新能源替代和碳中和三位一体的诀窍或关键所在。

Application of LINGO to the Solution of the Water Supply System′s Optimal Operation Model

In this research, LINGO is used successfully to solve the water supply system′s optimal operation model. Firstly, the language of LINGO and the using method were studied intensively, on the basis of which the model was transformed to LINGO form and solved successfully. Secondly, the research on the interface between LINGO and the popular office software was made. The optimization software was developed, which had Excel as the workspace and LINGO as the core of computation. Through practice, this software was found stable, easy to use and suitable for the application to the water supply corporations.