平凡的军供人

为庆祝中国人民解放军建军八十周年,国家粮食局举办了"我为军供添光彩"主题征文活动,共收到全国征文100余篇,经过初选、复选和公开投票几个环节,评出此次活动的一、二、三等奖。《平凡的军供人》是获一等奖的文章,现予刊出。

对我国证券市场“基金热”的冷思考

我国证券投资基金发展迅速,对资本市场的规模壮大与结构调整深具意义,但近期渐露过热迹象。文章从“基金热”的成因与对策相结合的层面上,就其发展中存在的诸如节奏协调、供给冲动、需求培育、制度环境等问题展开探讨。

家庭农场问题

不那么太早以前,有一个笑话说,一个人进入农业的唯一途径是通过结婚或继承。尔后,地价猛涨到笑话成为现实的程度。现在看来,一个人甚至都继承不起一个农场。 我们感激明尼苏达大学Philip Raup教授提供了支持这段话的数字。由于“

Application of neural network in heating network leakage fault diagnosis

In order to investigate the leak detection strategy of a heating network,a space-based simulation mathematical model for the heating network under leakage conditions is built by graph theory.The pressure changes of all the nodes in the heating network are obtained from node leak and pipe leak conditions.Then,a leakage diagnosis system based on the back propagation（BP）neural network is established.This diagnosis system can predict the leakage pipe by collecting the pressure change data of the monitoring points,which can preliminary estimate the leak location.The usefulness of this system is proved by an example.The experimental results show that the forecast accuracy by this diagnosis system can reach 100%.

A population-based cohort study of symptomatic gallstone disease in diabetic patients

AIM:To investigate the prevalence of gallstone dis-ease(GSD) and to evaluate the risk of symptomatic GSD among diabetic patients.METHODS:The study was conducted by analyzing the National Health Research Institutes(NHRI) dataset of ambulatory care patients,inpatient claims,and the updated registry of beneficiaries from 2000 to 2008.A total of 615 532 diabetic patients without a prior history of hospital treatment or ambulatory care visits for symptomatic GSD were identified in the year 2000.Age-and gender-matched control individuals free from both GSD and diabetes from 1997 to 1999 were randomly selected from the NHIR database(n = 614 871).The incidence densities of symptomatic GSD were estimated according to the subjects' diabetic status.The distributions of age,gender,occupation,income,and residential area urbanization were compared between diabetic patients and control subjects using Cox proportion hazards models.Differences between the rates of selected comorbidities were also assessed in the two groups.RESULTS:Overall,60 734 diabetic patients and 48 116 control patients developed symptomatic GSD and underwent operations,resulting in cumulative operation rates of 9.87% and 7.83%,respectively.The age and gender distributions of both groups were similar,with a mean age of 60 years and a predominance of females.The diabetic group had a significantly higher prevalence of all comorbidities of interest.A higher incidence of symptomatic GSD was observed in females than in males in both groups.In the control group,females under the age of 64 had a significantly higher incidence of GSD than the corresponding males,but this difference was reduced with increasing age.The cumulative incidences of operations for symptomatic GSD in the diabetic and control groups were 13.06 and 9.52 cases per 1000 person-years,respectively.Diabetic men exhibited a higher incidence of operations for symptomatic GSD than did their counterparts in the control group(12.35 vs 8.75 cases per 1000 person-years).CONCLUSION:The association of diabetes with increased symptomatic GSD may provide insight to the treatment or management of diabetes in clinical settings.

Self-endangering:A qualitative study on psychological mechanisms underlying nurses’burnout in long-term care

Objectives To develop a more specific understanding of psychological mechanisms in the development of burnout in long-term care as a basis for potential new intervention strategies aiming at improving nurses’mental health.Methods Two qualitative studies with thematic analysis were conducted.In Study 1,we conducted eight group interviews with 110 nurses from May–July 2019 in the context of workshops at eight nursing homes in Germany.In Study 2,we supplemented these with semi-structured interviews with 14 executives at German nursing homes in December 2019.Results The thematic analysis in Study 1 identified three main themes:causes of challenges,employees’opportunities for change,and organisational opportunities for change.Thematic analysis in Study 2 identified three main themes:job motives,reasons for filling in for others,and employee self-care.Further,our results show that the need to stand in for colleagues,in particular,is one of the greatest challenges for geriatric caregivers.In dealing with these challenges we found that self-endangering behaviour—a diminished ability to say no when asked to fill in or to do work overtime—was an important antecedent of nurses’burnout.Further,high levels of altruistic motivation and identification with the team or organisation were associated with self-endangering behaviour in the presence of adverse working conditions.Low levels of self-worth are a further risk factor for self-endangering.Conclusions Our findings are at odds with some core tenets of classic models of job demands and burnout that construe motivation and identification as resources.Our results show the need of a holistic intervention program in nursing including individual coaching,team-based interventions and organisational development processes.Employees themselves should be sensitized to this issue and supported in the long term,and politicians should create structures that do not encourage this behaviour any further.

Study on Supply and Demand of Intelligent Home-based Aged Care in Shanghai

The 21st century is an era of aging population. With the accelerated aging of the population in our country, and the grim form of population aging, intelligent home-based care has become a concern for the elderly in the area of ？？care. This paper starts from the new concept of intelligent home-based care services and defines intelligent home care services. It also summarizes the current theoretical researches related to domestic research, which is of great significance for the investigation and research conducted in the later stage of research.

The Problem analysis of imbalance between supply and demand of pension agency human resources

As the population ages and family miniaturization trend intensified, pension agency demand for service personnel increased significantly, while the supply of human resources is inadequate. This article is based on the present situation of the imbalance between supply and demand of human resources, analysis of causes of the contradiction between them. Then put forward some suggestions on this basis, such as increase government financial input, build a professional medical personnel training system, develop volunteers and improve employees＇ rights protection mechanism.

Barriers to nurse-patient communication in primary healthcare centers in Bahrain:Patient perspective

Objectives:Effective and efficient communication is a core element in healthcare systems,especially between healthcare providers and patients.This study aimed to identify communication barriers be-tween nurses and patients in primary healthcare centers in Bahrain.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study conducted across primary healthcare centers in Bahrain.Four hundred and two patients were recruited using convenience sampling.A self-administered question-naire comprising 29 items on communication barriers was used.Results:A total of 402 patients consented to participate.The majority of participants reported the following statements had large effects on communication:“shortage in the number of nurses compared to the large number of patients”(254/401,63.3%),“lack of desire of nurse to communicate with patients”(246/402,61.2%),and“negative attitude of the nurse toward the patient”(238/401,59.4%).Further,“difference in language between nurses and patients,”“lack of self-confidence by nurses,”and“nurses overwhelmed by work”were ranked as top three statements with a significant influence on commu-nication between nurses and patients.Conclusions:Communication between healthcare providers and patients is pivotal for an optimal healthcare service.Based on the findings of this study and the literature,we recommend formal training of health care workers in improving communication skills and including this not only in medical cur-riculum but also in the form of continuing medical education(CMEs)1.

A Method for Structuring Service Failure Factors to Realize Highly Reliable Services

As the society matures, customer requirements have become more varied. Services have been attracting increasing attention from industry and academic field as an effective mean to satisfy such varied customer requirements. In order to make a profit, it is important for companies to build and maintain long-term relationships with customers. Therefore, service providers should maintain their service quality and always satisfy their customers. To realize highly reliable product or services, in general, it is an effective approach to prevent failures from occurring in the use phase. Therefore, it is necessary that analysts identify the factors that could cause service failure and take appropriate measures against the target failure factor in advance. However, service failure factors are varied compared to physical products because service failures occur due to uncertainty elements such as human factors. In this study, we aim to enable service analysts to identify the critical failure factor from a number of failure factors. To achieve this, we identify complex failure factors and relationships among them from the viewpoint of the field where the service provided. This paper proposes a method for structuring the causal sequence between service failure factors by using a method of system modeling.

Implications of Urban Growth on Domestic Water Consumption： A Case Study of Jorhat Town, India

This paper tries to embraces the urban growth in Jorhat town and its implications on water consumption at household＇s level. Urban growth is measured through the increase in the number of population and the aerial extent. It is a pathetic situation for Jorhat residents in case of domestic water consumption that due to rapid increase of population in the town, the existing water supply systems cannot cope with the current demand. So, the people of the town always struggle to collect water from other sources such as River Bhogdoi, ponds, dug well, water vendor etc., moreover, try to satisfy the limited daily household needs. The methodology adopted in this paper is involved on both primary and secondary data. The primary data has been collected through household survey pertains to 600 households from each of 19 municipal wards in Jorhat town in both pre and post monsoon seasons. To highlight the growth of population and population projection, the compound rate of growth method has been used and it is tried to link with the future water demand in Jorhat town,

Research on The Elderly Spiritual Demand in China

Spiritual demand as one of the basic requirements of human, has more important significance for the elderly group. Descriptive statistic analysis shows that in the CLHLS, the elderly spiritual demand and supply is in a state of disequilibrium in our country, supply is far less than demand. The main factors of restricting the old people＇s spiritual need are not being met, including economic factors, intergenerational relations factors, emotional factors and the particularity of spiritual demand, etc. So we need to change our ideas, with the demand of the old structure and strength, by constructing a complete supply system of family, society and government to strengthen for the supply of the spiritual needs of old people, so that the elderly would be happy during his or her later lives.

Risk of Getting Nosocomial Water-Borne Infections from the Main Water Systems in Hospitals

Drinking water may be a risk factor for human infections if the water supply is contaminated with biofilm producing bacteria such as Legionella pneumophilae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Several situations have to be considered when water supply to new buildings is planned. The aim of this paper is to review situations that have to be considered in new buildings and give an example on a new water supply contaminated with biofilm producing water bacteria and the precautions introduced to eliminate the contamination. When new buildings are planned it should be considered where to get the water and what is the microbiological quality of the water. If the water is contaminated there will be troubles from the beginning. The material for the pipes should be considered as biofilm which is produced in greater amounts and faster in PEG pipes than in stainless steel pipes. The choice of material depends on the expected lifetime of the building, the dimensions of the pipes, and the choice of forceps, how often the taps are used and thereby the flow in the system. The higher flow the less and slower biofilm formation. It is important to reduce the number of taps to a minimum to ovoid ＂dead ends＂ if they are not or only seldom used. Alternatively all taps could be opened automatically regularly. It is important to establish precautions to ovoid contamination of the water system in the period from when it is established until the building is taken in use. The period can be several months during which the system can act as a ＂dead end＂ if no precautions, such as regularly opening of all taps, are taken. The microbiological quality of the water in the system should be controlled before the building is taken in use. In a new building, where the water supply and the water in the building was not controlled before the building was taken in use, extremely high total and Legionella germ counts were found. The water was disinfected with low concentrations of chloride with very little effect. After disinfection with high concentrations of chloride for few hours and placing a sterile filter at the water entrance both the total and Legionella germ count decreased to an acceptable level.

China＇s Current Inflation： Characteristics, Causes and Countermeasures

China＇s current inflation differs from that of the 1980s. The Current inflation is being caused by factors from both the supply and demand sides, and should therefore be addressed from both sides as well With a new policy analysis framework, we suggest that China now needs to adopt a policy combination of ＂supply expansion and demand tightening.＂ Demand tightening should mainly rely on the policy of quantitative monetary tightening, which specifically includes further tightening of capital controls and encouragement of outbound investment. Supply expansion should mainly rely on policies of tax cuts, Renminbi appreciation, reform, improvement of administration, and technological progress.

Development and Improvement of the Regulation Sieve Svstem Harvester

Due to high competition of the agriculture machines sector, the auto parts suppliers are investing in research to promote the development and reduce the costs of the products, passing these results to their clients who are the automakers. It was identified the need to redesign the regulation sieve system harvester, which is a compound assembly in the harvester＇s grain cleaning system, with the objective to reduce the costs and improve the ergonomic aspect, keeping the same efficiency from the original project. The improvement was developed by studying the original design and identifying possible project fails, such as components and manufacturing process which could be eliminated. For this, it was needed to do a research about rules and project considerations that must be applied in the products development and ergonomic too, specifically about geometric forms and anthropometric measures. From the redesign of this system, it is verified that it is possible by a study to identify possible improvements, and to develop a new system by a simple project, improving the ergonomic, reducing the cost and keeping the same efficacy from the original project.

Intercultural Communication of Assist Card in Connecting Its Cardholder and Its Medical Service Provider

Technology-assisted, multi-party involved, non-face-to-face communication will become more prevail than interpersonal communication, and will play more important role in intercultural communication. Conflicts, complaints rise, how to balance all different positioned parties, how to advance the case will be of referential value to the cases coming later. AC at the center of multi-lateral communication acted timely and appropriately to have managed the complaints and facilitated communication. As an international traveling assistance and insurance company, Assist Card provides medical assistance from its direct and indirect medical service providers around the world to its cardholders. The role AC plays in connecting its cardholders and both its direct and indirect medical service providers is crucial and dominating. This is a case study of how did AC especially AC China act to facilitate the dialogue between Maria, the patient and Hengyang HP, the problem of AC intragroup communication, how did the in-group intimacy help AC trust hospital, defend for it, while believe it was Maria who should be more intercultural sensitive. Participant observation is another research method. Dialectical approach was used to analyze intercultural sensitivity responsibility.

Modeling and Optimization of Bandwidth Supply Performance for Cloud-Assisted Video Systems under Flash Crowd

The large-scale and sudden video content access such as flash crowds results in huge bandwidth demand,which severely influence user quality of experience and quality of service of video systems.In this paper,we firstly discuss the main reason of generation of flash crowds for video streaming services and analyze key factor for balance recovery between supply and demand of upload bandwidth.We construct two models:bandwidth supply capacity model of video systems and bandwidth demand model of users,which measures usage amount of bandwidth of the cloud.Based on the built models,we further employ a community-based cooperative caching strategy of video resources to promote supply capacity of upload bandwidth of video systems.Extensive tests show how the proposed cooperative caching strategy achieves much better performance results in comparison with original solution.

Evaluation of Biomass Supply Chain from Robinia pseudoacacia L. SRF Plantations on Abandoned Lands

Bio-energy and biomass system is a new scientific field, very interesting, where there can find new available information; however, there is also place for other novelties. A lot of projects and experiences regarding to what mentioned above, lead to the credence that forest biomass assume a fundamental role, inasmuch they constitute a renewable resource, already or easily present, in the environment. The main purpose of undertaking this study is to analyse the obtainable biomass yields from black locust （Robinia pseudoacacia L.） SRF. Four different plantations have been situated on lands of different fertilities in Italy and Albania. Neither irrigation nor fertilization has been applied. Two different methodologies of biennial harvesting have been compared on black locust plantation situated in Italy. The first one is the contemporary cutting and chipping, while the second with cutting, field seasoning of trees and then chipping. In Albania the analyses of planted trees were mainly focused on height and diameter growth. They revealed a good continuation which means that the bed conditions of abandoned terrain, and climate considering the extended drought period of last summer, don＇t affect the growth.

The present situation and policy recommendations of Shanghai family service industry

To develop Shanghai family service industry urgently is for the construction of livable city. Surveys are found that there are quite a lot of problems of Shanghai family services ,such as structural imbalance between supply and demand, industry market chaos, staff career development space is limited, imperfect industry standards, relevant laws and regulations is not sound and so on. To start with, Shanghai family service standard system should be made to strengthen the family service personnel vocational training and job evaluation, and for the establishment and implementation of the ＂family service personnel vocational level system＂, it also increases policy support to the ＂employees＂ enterprise and to build the linkage supervision mechanism of industry associations and government departments to promote the standardization of the Shanghai family service development.

The present situation and policy recommendations of Shanghai family service industry

To develop Shanghai family service industry urgently is for the construction of livable city. Surveys are found that there are quite a lot of problems of Shanghai family services ,such as structural imbalance between supply and demand, industry market chaos, staff career development space is limited, imperfect industry standards, relevant laws and regulations is not sound and so on. To start with, Shanghai family service standard system should be made to strengthen the family service personnel vocational training and job evaluation, and for the establishment and implementation of the ＂family service personnel vocational level system＂, it also increases policy support to the ＂employees＂ enterprise and to build the linkage supervision mechanism of industry associations and government departments to promote the standardization of the Shanghai family service development.