Aiming atthe pricing of primary agricultural products for the large-scale suppliers and the wholesalers in agri-supply chain management, an approach for the large-scale supplier pricing is presented based on the thres...Aiming atthe pricing of primary agricultural products for the large-scale suppliers and the wholesalers in agri-supply chain management, an approach for the large-scale supplier pricing is presented based on the threshold cointegration method of wholesale prices online including the GBand-TAR modified Band-TAR model. Our empirical work shows that it is more appropriate for a large-scale supplier pricing with his wholesalers based on the threshold cointegration method than the conventional linear cointegration method in spatially separate markets in an agri-supply chain of soybean in China in short time. Firstly, the three pairs of prices in spatially separate markets are of long-run equilibrium and threshold cointegration. The forecast wst shows that the threshold cointegration approach is superior to the conventional linear cointegration approach in short time. Secondly, there are two thresholds of GBand-TAR in which the threshold parameters represent relative transaction costs. Larger thresholds or wider neutral band corresponds to the greater distance between markets. Thirdly, the estimation of M-TAR shows that the large-scale supplier is more sensitive to increase of wholesaler prices than decrease of wholesaler prices. The supplier can price on the forecast of market price by the threshold ECM including the GBand-TAR if the equilibrium error of threshold lag is not in the interval of thresholds in which there is not profitable trading opportunities for the supplier.展开更多
International oil keeps low-price running after crash, and China deepens reformm domestically. Using this opportunity, China lays the same emphasis on investment and trade, on onshore and offshore transportation, give...International oil keeps low-price running after crash, and China deepens reformm domestically. Using this opportunity, China lays the same emphasis on investment and trade, on onshore and offshore transportation, gives full play to the important role of market in resource distribution, speeds up oil and gas system reform to guarantee clean, e fficienL safe and steady energy supply and long-term demand for energy. We systematically and thoroughly established legal system for oil and gas domains, reformed management system for energy domain, re＆treed regulatory domain, built modern market entity and multi-level market system, and improved oil and gas pricing mechanism, etc.展开更多
Design-manufacturing chain （D-MC） is the most important link of the supply chain with the greatest possibility in cost reduction. How to strengthen the effective management of interracial relationship between design...Design-manufacturing chain （D-MC） is the most important link of the supply chain with the greatest possibility in cost reduction. How to strengthen the effective management of interracial relationship between designer and manufacturer and increase the efficency of interface management concerns the efficiency of the whole supply chain. In order to evaluate and improve the impacts of D-MC interfacial relationship, first we should construct the evaluation index system and then we should analyze the total cost and benefit of the interfacial relationship betterment, including the cost of member units in D-MC, the opportunity cost of cooperation partners, and the market returns resulted from the interfacial relationship improvement, which will advance the whole supply chain efficiency as well as enhance the management performance of D-MC.展开更多
基金the Social Science Fund Program of Heilongjiang Province in China(Grant No.03B028)
文摘Aiming atthe pricing of primary agricultural products for the large-scale suppliers and the wholesalers in agri-supply chain management, an approach for the large-scale supplier pricing is presented based on the threshold cointegration method of wholesale prices online including the GBand-TAR modified Band-TAR model. Our empirical work shows that it is more appropriate for a large-scale supplier pricing with his wholesalers based on the threshold cointegration method than the conventional linear cointegration method in spatially separate markets in an agri-supply chain of soybean in China in short time. Firstly, the three pairs of prices in spatially separate markets are of long-run equilibrium and threshold cointegration. The forecast wst shows that the threshold cointegration approach is superior to the conventional linear cointegration approach in short time. Secondly, there are two thresholds of GBand-TAR in which the threshold parameters represent relative transaction costs. Larger thresholds or wider neutral band corresponds to the greater distance between markets. Thirdly, the estimation of M-TAR shows that the large-scale supplier is more sensitive to increase of wholesaler prices than decrease of wholesaler prices. The supplier can price on the forecast of market price by the threshold ECM including the GBand-TAR if the equilibrium error of threshold lag is not in the interval of thresholds in which there is not profitable trading opportunities for the supplier.
文摘International oil keeps low-price running after crash, and China deepens reformm domestically. Using this opportunity, China lays the same emphasis on investment and trade, on onshore and offshore transportation, gives full play to the important role of market in resource distribution, speeds up oil and gas system reform to guarantee clean, e fficienL safe and steady energy supply and long-term demand for energy. We systematically and thoroughly established legal system for oil and gas domains, reformed management system for energy domain, re＆treed regulatory domain, built modern market entity and multi-level market system, and improved oil and gas pricing mechanism, etc.
基金the Chinese Public Service Platform for Science and Technology Management (No. 06DZ22924)the Economic Globalization and Innovation(No. 08692106700)
文摘Design-manufacturing chain （D-MC） is the most important link of the supply chain with the greatest possibility in cost reduction. How to strengthen the effective management of interracial relationship between designer and manufacturer and increase the efficency of interface management concerns the efficiency of the whole supply chain. In order to evaluate and improve the impacts of D-MC interfacial relationship, first we should construct the evaluation index system and then we should analyze the total cost and benefit of the interfacial relationship betterment, including the cost of member units in D-MC, the opportunity cost of cooperation partners, and the market returns resulted from the interfacial relationship improvement, which will advance the whole supply chain efficiency as well as enhance the management performance of D-MC.
