供水型水库水质评价方法分析

水库,尤其是供水型水库,对经济发展和国计民生有重要作用,因此做好供水型水库水质分析评价工作至关重要。为了科学合理地选择评价方法,本文对比分析不同类型水质评价方法,阐述其优缺点。分析结果显示,需因地制宜地选择评价方法和选取水质指标,综合多种评价方法进行判断。其中,单因子分析法简单直接,但不利于整体情况的分析;层次分析法对整体水质情况的分析较为全面,但易受到主观因素影响;主成分分析法对于单一水质指标的分析更为准确;综合水质指数法和内梅罗法的评价结果相对更加全面。

供水型水库底栖动物完整性指数的构建

为给水源地水库的生态风险评估提供科学依据和决策支持,根据浙江省和湖北省几个典型水库的调查数据,构建了底栖动物完整性指数(B-IBI)。参考相关文献及调研选取了32个备选参数,经统计分析筛选出8个指示能力较强的参数,构建B-IBI指标体系,分别为香侬-维纳多样性指数(Shan_2)、捕食者类群数量百分比(Pred-Pct)、寡毛类物种数百分比(%OligoTax)、非水生昆虫数量百分比(NonInPct)、Hilsenhoff生物指数(HBI)、收集者物种数百分比(%CllctTax)、收集者数量百分比(CllctPct)和平均物种数量(RichnessPerTaxon)。确立了水库生态系统健康评价标准,并与潜在环境梯度进行了相关性分析。结果表明,该指数很好地反映了潜在环境梯度,用于供水型水库的水生态系统健康评估较为合适。

供水型水库渔业发展的措施

针对山东省供水型水库生态渔业可持续发展存在的一些问题,提出了建立精干高效的水库渔业行业管理队伍、支持科技兴渔、建立健全渔业执法管理体系、配套完善生态渔业基础设施、建立完善的销售网络和发挥品牌优势等6项主要组织措施及技术措施。

组合式微型智能供水设备

公开（公告）号：CN2748522 一种组合式微型智能供水设备，由智能控制柜体1、水循环柜体5和水泵消音柜体14组合而成。柜体在与自来水管网7连结的用户管线上并接一旁通8，在旁通管线上装一止回阀9和一电磁阀6．与柜体中的密封循环水箱4和水泵12串接；在用户管线上装有压力控制器16。运用液位信号3和压力信号16控制水泵的开关；运用密封消音循环仓11和消音材料15消出水泵12的噪音。

干旱半干旱地区雨水集蓄工程综合利用初探

笔者采用试验与理论相结合的方法，研究雨水集蓄工程在干旱半干旱地区的综合效益，并总结出了雨水集蓄利用的四种模式，即供水型、供水种植型、供水养殖型、供水加工型。

Application of LINGO to the Solution of the Water Supply System′s Optimal Operation Model

In this research, LINGO is used successfully to solve the water supply system′s optimal operation model. Firstly, the language of LINGO and the using method were studied intensively, on the basis of which the model was transformed to LINGO form and solved successfully. Secondly, the research on the interface between LINGO and the popular office software was made. The optimization software was developed, which had Excel as the workspace and LINGO as the core of computation. Through practice, this software was found stable, easy to use and suitable for the application to the water supply corporations.

建筑给水系统节水节能设计探讨

建筑给水系统设计通过利用市政自来水管网压力直接供水、采用分区供水、选用节能型供水设备、控制管网的水头损失、控制用户用水点的压力、选用节水型产品、计量及对给水系统实行监控等,可达到节水、节能的目的。

Partial Least Squares Regression Model to Predict Water Quality in Urban Water Distribution Systems

The water distribution system of one residential district in Tianjin is taken as an example to analyze the changes of water quality.Partial least squares(PLS) regression model,in which the turbidity and Fe are regarded as control objectives,is used to establish the statistical model.The experimental results indicate that the PLS regression model has good predicted results of water quality compared with the monitored data.The percentages of absolute relative error(below 15%,20%,30%) are 44.4%,66.7%,100%(turbidity) and 33.3%,44.4%,77.8%(Fe) on the 4th sampling point;77.8%,88.9%,88.9%(turbidity) and 44.4%,55.6%,66.7%(Fe) on the 5th sampling point.

Basic Research on Key Techniques Related to Urban 3D Pipe Network Modeling

A new geometric modeling approach is introduced in this paper.First the principle of modeling of 3D pipe network is discussed in detail.Then the procedures of implementing pipe network visualization and system functions are presented.Last,several efficient methods for speeding up display of graphics are introduced.The new geometric modeling approach offers to people a new way to solve 3D visualization of complex urban pipe network.

Seismic Reliability and Rehabilitation Decision of Water Distribution System

In order to evaluate the seismic reliability of water distribution system and make rehabilitation decisions correspondingly, it is necessary to assess pipelines damage states and conduct functional analysis based on pipe leakage model. When an earthquake occurred, the water distribution system kept serving with leakage. By adding a virtual node at the centre of the pipeline with leakage, an efficient approach to pressure-driven analysis was developed for simulating a variety of low relative scenarios, and a hydraulic leakage model was also built to perform hydraulic analysis of the water supply network with seismic damage. Then the mean-first-order-second-moment method was used to analyse the seismic serviceability of the water distribution system. According to the assessment analysis, pipes that were destroyed or in heavy leakage were isolated and repaired emergently, which improved the water supply capability of the network and would constitute the basis for enhancing seismic reliability of the system. The proposed approach to seismic reliability and rehabilitation decision analysis on water distribution system is demonstrated effective through a case study.

Coupled Seepage and Heat Transfer Intake Model

In the beach well intake system, heat is transferred from soil to fluid when seawater is filtered through the aquifer, providing higher temperature source water to the seawater source heat pump (SWHP) system in winter. A 3-D coupled seepage and heat transfer model for studying beach well intake system is established by adopting the computer code FLUENT. Numerical results of this model are compared with the experimental results under the same conditions. Based on the experiment-verified coupled model, numerical simulation of the supply water tem-perature is studied over a heating season. Results show that the minimum temperature of supply water is 275.2 K when this intake system continuously provides seawater with flow rate of 35 m3/h to SWHP. Results also indicate that the supply water temperature is higher than seawater, and that the minimum temperature of supply water lags behind seawater, ensuring effective and reliable operation of SWHP.

Improved Water Network Macroscopic Model Utilising Auto-Control Adjusting Valve by PLS

In order to overcome the low precision and weak applicability problems of the current municipal water network state simulation model, the water network structure is studied. Since the telemetry system has been applied increasingly in the water network, and in order to reflect the network operational condition more accurately, a new water network macroscopic model is developed by taking the auto-control adjusting valve opening state into consideration. Then for highly correlated or collinear independent variables in the model, the partial least squares (PLS) regression method provides a model solution which can distinguish between the system information and the noisy data. Finally, a hypothetical water network is introduced for validating the model. The simulation results show that the relative error is less than 5.2%, indicating that the model is efficient and feasible, and has better generalization performance.

Projection of Water Availability in the Miyun Watershed from an RCM Simulation

Based on a high-resolution regional climate model (RegCM3) simulation over East Asia, future climate changes over the Miyun Reservoir in the 21st century under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario are analyzed. The model simulation extends from 1951 to 2100 at a grid spacing of 25 km and is one-way nested within a global model of MIROC3.2_ hires (the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate). The focus of the analysis is on the Watershed of Miyun Reservoir, the main water supply for Beijing in northern China. The results show that RegCM3 reproduces the observed temperature well but it overestimates precipitation over the region. Significant warming in the 21st century is simulated in the annual mean, December-January-February (DJF) and June-July-August (JJA), although with differences concerning the spatial distribution and magnitude. Changes in precipitation for the annual mean, DJF, and JJA also show differences. A prevailing increase of precipitation in DJF and a decrease of it in JJA is projected over the region, while little change in the annual mean is projected. Changes of the difference between precipitation and evapotranspiration to measure the potential water availability are also presented in the paper.

Water storage variations of the Yangtze,Yellow,and Zhujiang river basins derived from the DEOS Mass Transport (DMT-1) model

In general, China is short of water resources and some regions even experience a shortage of daily water supply. This could threaten the stability and economic development of the nation. A study on the water storage variations is especially important for the water management and storage prediction in three largest river basins of China, namely, Yangtze, Yellow, and Zhujiang, where the most dense population and leading economic regions are located. The satellite gravity mission GRACE （Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment） provides an opportunity to macroseopically identify water （or mass） variations in the Earth＇s system with a spatial resolution of 300-400 km and a temporal resolution of about one month. We use the first release of the DEOS （Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems） Mass Transport （DMT-1） model based on GRACE data to analyze water storage changes in the three river basins. The DMT-1 model consists of monthly solutions, which are computed using an innovative methodology. The methodology includes, in particular, the application of a statistically optimal Wiener-type filter based on full varianee-covariance matrices of noise and signal. This results in particularly sharp mass variation maps. Taking one monthly solution as an example, we compare the results derived from the DMT-1 model with ones produced with the standard post-processing scheme based on a combination of the de-striping and Gaussian filtering. The comparison shows that the DMT-1 model outperforms the other models and is suitable for the analysis of the mass changes in river basins. A subset of the DMT-1 solutions in the interval between February 2003 and May 2008 is used to estimate the secular trends and seasonal variations for the three river basins. The estimated trends show that the water storage of the Yellow River basin does not have significant changes, while the Zhujiang and Yangtze river basins have a large and statistically significant water storage increase. The estimation of seasonal variations demonstrates that the water storage variations in Yangtze and Zhujiang river basins are almost in the same phase. The amplitude of variations in the Zhujiang River basin is larger than that in Yangtze. No clear annual variations are observed in the Yellow River basin. The observed water storage variations generally coincide with the observations and conclusions presented in the hydrological reports of the Chinese Ministry of Water Resources

Algorithms for seismic topology optimization of water distribution network

As an essential lifeline engineering system,water distribution network should provide enough water to maintain people's life after earthquake in addition to working under daily operation.However,the design of water distribution network usually ignores the influence of earthquake,resulting in water stoppage in large area during many recent strong earthquakes.This study introduced a seismic design approach of water distribution network,i.e.,topology optimization design.With network topology as the optimization goal and seismic reliability as the constraint,a topology optimization model for designing water distribution network under earthquake is established.Meanwhile,two element investment importance indexes,a pipeline investment importance index and a diameter investment importance index,are introduced to evaluate the importance of pipelines in water distribution network.Then,four combinational optimization algorithms,a genetic algorithm,a simulated annealing genetic algorithm,an ant colony algorithm and a particle swarm algorithm,are introduced to solve this optimization model.Moreover,these optimization algorithms are used to optimize a network with 19 nodes and 27 pipelines.The optimization results of these algorithms are compared with each other.

Water Resource Allocation under Consideration of the National NIY Plan in Harbin, China

Water resource allocation （WRA） is a useful but complicated topic in water resource management. With the targets set out in the Plan of Newly Increasing Yield （NIY） of 10×1011 Jin （1 kg=2 Jin） from 2009 to 2020, the immediate question for the Songhua River Region （SHRR） is whether water is sufficient to support the required yield increase. Very few studies have considered to what degree this plan influences the solution of WRA and how to adapt. This paper used a multi-objective programming model for WRA across the Harbin region located in the SHRR in 2020 and 2030 （p=75%）. The Harbin region can be classified into four types of sub-regions according to WRA： Type I is Harbin city zone. With rapid urbanization, Harbin city zone has the highest risk of agricultural water shortage. Considering the severe situation, there is little space for Harbin city zone to reach the NIY goal. Type II is sub-regions including Wuchang, Shangzhi and Binxian. There are some agricultural water shortage risks in this type region. Because the water shortage is relatively small, it is possible to increase agricultural production through strengthening agricultural water-saving countermeasures and constructing water conservation facilities. Type III is sub-regions including Acheng, Hulan, Mulan and Fangzheng. In this type region, there may be a water shortage if the rate of urbanization accelerates. According to local conditions, it is needed to enhance water-saving countermeasures to increase agricultural production to a certain degree. Type IV is sub-regions including Shuangcheng, Bayan, Yilan, Yanshou and Tonghe. There are good water conditions for the extensive development of agriculture. Nevertheless, in order to ensure an increase in agricultural production, it is necessary to enhance the way in which water is utilized and consider soil resources. These results will help decision makers make a scientific NIY plan for the Harbin region for sustainable utilization of regional water resources and an increase in agricultural production.