Fifteen upland soils collected from the major arable areas in North China were used to assess the availability of soil sulfur (S) to plants in a pot experiment. Soils were extracted with various reagents and the extra...Fifteen upland soils collected from the major arable areas in North China were used to assess the availability of soil sulfur (S) to plants in a pot experiment. Soils were extracted with various reagents and the extractable S was determined using turbidimetric method or inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), respectively. In addition, mineralizable organic S, organic S, N/S ratio, sulfur availability index (SAI) and available sulfur correction value (ASC) in soils were also determined. The S amount extracted by 1.5 g L-1 CaCl2 was nearly equivalent to that by 0.25 mol L-1 KCl (40 ℃), and both of them were slightly smaller than that by 0.01 mol L-1 Ca(H2PO4)2 solution, as measured by turbidimetric method or ICP-AES. The extractable S measured by turbidimetric method was consistently smaller than that by ICP-AES. All methods tested except that for organic S and N/S ratio produced satisfactory results in the regression analyses of the relationships between the amounts of S extracted and plant dry matter weight and S uptake in the pot experiment. In general, 0.01 mol L-1 Ca (H2PO4) 2-extracted S determined by ICP-AES or turbidimetric method and 0.25 mol L-1 KCl(40℃)-extracted S determined by ICP-AES appeared to be the best indicators for evaluation of soil available S.展开更多
The AFO （activating private forest owners to increase forest fuel supply） project was set up to discover the best tools for activating an important fraction of the 12 million PFOs （private forest owners） in Europe...The AFO （activating private forest owners to increase forest fuel supply） project was set up to discover the best tools for activating an important fraction of the 12 million PFOs （private forest owners） in Europe to supply wood fuel, especially to small and medium-sized heating plants. It aimed to increase the utilization of Europe＇s vast forest fuel reserves. This was expected to benefit both the economy of the forest owners and rural areas and increase the use of renewable energy sources. The project was carried out between 2009 and 2012. The project operated in selected target regions that have a high proportion of private forest ownership （France, Slovenia, Latvia and the UK）. It started by analyzing the potential wood fuel supply and use in relation to current regional markets. After assessing through inquiries the potential wood fuel supply and demand and the parties involved, the next step was to initiate and support the formation of wood fuel supply clusters and organize supply chains. This was followed by the dissemination of best practice examples from Austria and Finland--countries with the most expertise and long traditions of forest fuel production. In the last phase of the project, results and approved activation methods were disseminated to all 27 EU （European Union） countries.展开更多
文摘Fifteen upland soils collected from the major arable areas in North China were used to assess the availability of soil sulfur (S) to plants in a pot experiment. Soils were extracted with various reagents and the extractable S was determined using turbidimetric method or inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), respectively. In addition, mineralizable organic S, organic S, N/S ratio, sulfur availability index (SAI) and available sulfur correction value (ASC) in soils were also determined. The S amount extracted by 1.5 g L-1 CaCl2 was nearly equivalent to that by 0.25 mol L-1 KCl (40 ℃), and both of them were slightly smaller than that by 0.01 mol L-1 Ca(H2PO4)2 solution, as measured by turbidimetric method or ICP-AES. The extractable S measured by turbidimetric method was consistently smaller than that by ICP-AES. All methods tested except that for organic S and N/S ratio produced satisfactory results in the regression analyses of the relationships between the amounts of S extracted and plant dry matter weight and S uptake in the pot experiment. In general, 0.01 mol L-1 Ca (H2PO4) 2-extracted S determined by ICP-AES or turbidimetric method and 0.25 mol L-1 KCl(40℃)-extracted S determined by ICP-AES appeared to be the best indicators for evaluation of soil available S.
文摘The AFO （activating private forest owners to increase forest fuel supply） project was set up to discover the best tools for activating an important fraction of the 12 million PFOs （private forest owners） in Europe to supply wood fuel, especially to small and medium-sized heating plants. It aimed to increase the utilization of Europe＇s vast forest fuel reserves. This was expected to benefit both the economy of the forest owners and rural areas and increase the use of renewable energy sources. The project was carried out between 2009 and 2012. The project operated in selected target regions that have a high proportion of private forest ownership （France, Slovenia, Latvia and the UK）. It started by analyzing the potential wood fuel supply and use in relation to current regional markets. After assessing through inquiries the potential wood fuel supply and demand and the parties involved, the next step was to initiate and support the formation of wood fuel supply clusters and organize supply chains. This was followed by the dissemination of best practice examples from Austria and Finland--countries with the most expertise and long traditions of forest fuel production. In the last phase of the project, results and approved activation methods were disseminated to all 27 EU （European Union） countries.
