筒仓动态卸料过程侧压力模拟与验证

为了研究立筒仓卸料过程中的侧压力及数值模拟技术,设计了有机玻璃筒仓模型进行试验研究,运用ABAQUS有限元软件中的自适应网格划分技术模拟了筒仓的动态卸料过程。结果表明,筒仓动态侧压力试验值大于静态侧压力,但各测点超压系数不同,在邻近漏斗附近超压系数最大为1.78,其次为仓壁中上部2个测点超压系数达到了1.73和1.61,其他位置超压系数在1.45以内;侧压力模拟值与计算值吻合度较好,静态侧压力两者相对误差绝对值在0.43%~9.92%之间,动态侧压力两者相对误差绝对值在1.14%~9.65%之间,验证了数值模拟技术的可行性;静态和动态侧压力的数值模拟曲线、公式计算曲线、试验曲线或试验拟合曲线都表明,随着测点距筒仓底部高度的增加,侧压力呈下降趋势,即侧压力下大上小,而且静态侧压力模拟曲线与试验曲线变化规律一致,相对误差绝对值在1.83%~9.97%之间;由于试验时压力传感器精度、标定试验误差和试验次数等随机因素的影响,动态侧压力试验曲线不很规则,数值模拟曲线相对平滑,但动态侧压力试验值的拟合曲线与数值模拟曲线变化趋势基本相同,相对误差绝对值在0.28%~9.93%之间。通过观察漏斗附近Mises应力分布图发现,物料卸出前,应力较大点发生在紧邻漏斗附近的仓壁处,卸料开始后,应力较大点即转向漏斗壁中部某范围,而且随着卸料时间的延长,此应力较大点的范围有所增大。

超深振捣条件下混凝土墙体模板侧压力的简化计算方法

超深振捣对混凝土成品质量有害无益,研究超深振捣引起模板侧压力增大的规律,可为规避其害提供依据。为此设计4个混凝土墙体试件,实测在浇筑过程中模板侧压力的变化情况。基于振捣液化和液体压力平衡理论,建立了超深振捣情况下混凝土模板侧压力计算模型,推导了计算公式,并与实验数据进行对比验证。研究结果表明,振捣深度是影响混凝土墙体模板侧压力的重要因素,本文提出的计算模型能很好地预测墙体结构超深振捣位置的模板侧压力。

不同金属屏蔽形式高压电力电缆的机械性能分析

为了研究复杂环境下不同金属屏蔽形式高压电力电缆的机械性能表现,选取铜丝屏蔽和皱纹铝套两种形式的电缆,基于两种电缆在机械冲击试验和侧压力试验的形变数据,分析了两种屏蔽形式电缆的机械性能。机械冲击试验分别采用27 kg重锤从0.27 m高度落下和5 kg重锤从1 m高度落下两种方式进行试验。侧压力试验,选取两种电缆样品各20 cm,模拟在盘具、转盘、牵引和导轮下的受力情况。结果表明,27 kg重锤对皱纹铝套电缆的护套、金属屏蔽、缓冲层和绝缘屏蔽造成的压痕深度分别为1.9,0.3,0,0.02 mm;27 kg重锤对铜丝屏蔽电缆的护套、金属屏蔽、缓冲层和绝缘屏蔽造成的压痕深度分别为1.1,0.1,0.05,0 mm;5 kg重锤对皱纹铝套电缆的护套、金属屏蔽和绝缘屏蔽造成的压痕深度分别为0.5,0,0 mm;5 kg重锤对铜丝屏蔽电缆的护套、金属屏蔽和绝缘屏蔽造成的压痕深度分别为0.2,0,0 mm。试验结果对今后电缆结构的选型有一定的参考意义。

Horizontal trap-door investigation on face failure zone of shield tunneling in sands

A novel horizontal trap-door test system was devised in this study to analyze the face stability of shield tunnels in sands.The test system can be used to investigate both the longitudinal and cross sections of the face failure simultaneously at one single apparatus and was employed to perform face stability tests on small-scaled tunnel models at single gravity.The lateral support pressures and failure zones were studied with varying sand materials and earth covers.The results demonstrate that the tunnel face moves back,the lateral active earth pressure on the tunnel face decreases rapidly to a residual value,and the lateral pressure distribution can be categorized into three stages during the failure process:1)initial state;2)pressure dissipation stage;and 3)pressure zone diminution stage.Furthermore,face failure firstly develops from a stable condition to the local failure state,and then continues to develop to the global failure state that can be divided into two sub-zones with different failure mechanisms:rotational failure zone(lower zone)and gravitational failure zone(upper zone).Further discussion shows that under the effects of soil arching,the shape of the gravitational failure zone can adopt arch shaped(most frequent)and column shaped(in shallow tunnels).Limit support pressure for face stability usually appears atδ/D=0.2%−0.5%(ratio of face displacement to tunnel diameter).

Influence of specimen uniformity on mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soil

Pressure plate instrument is employed during drying, and unconfined compressive strength test is performed on the unsaturated specimen. Curves of shear force versus shear displacement, and curves of saturation degree versus time are investigated. The results show that the specimens with similar curves of saturation degree versus time have nearly identical mechanical behavior. In particular, the uniform specimens should be chosen within the lower equilibrium saturation degree because steady test results are presented. Further, the conclusion is verified by the repeated test. Thus, the method for distinguishing the uniform unsaturated specimen is obtained. In the light of the method, an improved test process is proposed. The uniform specimens should be chosen by this method under the specific matric suction, and then shear tests are carried out on the chosen unsaturated specimen. Namely, initial value of unsaturated soil is not zero matric suction but a specific suction.

测定土体回弹模量的两种室内试验方法探讨

本文根据大量的土工室内试验数据,对土体回弹模量两种试验方法获得的数据进行了综合比较分析,并结合相关工程基坑坑底隆起量的估算与实测数据的对比,提出了室内土体回弹模量试验方法的建议。