伊立替康(irinotecan)不良反应与UGT1A1*6单核苷酸多态性相关,目前应用的单核苷酸多态性检测方法具有耗时长、开盖易污染、操作繁琐等缺点,因此需建立一种操作简便且不易污染的适合临床应用的新方法。本研究利用3种已知基因型的DNA样本...伊立替康(irinotecan)不良反应与UGT1A1*6单核苷酸多态性相关,目前应用的单核苷酸多态性检测方法具有耗时长、开盖易污染、操作繁琐等缺点,因此需建立一种操作简便且不易污染的适合临床应用的新方法。本研究利用3种已知基因型的DNA样本建立基于级联核酸侵入反应的real-time PCR法检测UGT1A1*6多态性的最佳反应体系,并对其检测口腔咽拭子样本的灵敏度和准确性进行了考察。结果显示,本文成功建立了基于级联核酸侵入反应的UGT1A1*6基因多态性检测方法,可用于咽拭子样本的分型检测,其灵敏度达到6 ng DNA,分型准确性达到100%。因其取样方便对人体无创,单管闭管检测不易产生交叉污染,具有用于临床检测伊立替康的个体化用药相关UGT1A1*6基因多态性的潜力。展开更多
Native species may decline quickly when confronted with an exotic species to which they are not adapted. The extent of decline may depend on the abundance of an invader and the length of time since it first arrived in...Native species may decline quickly when confronted with an exotic species to which they are not adapted. The extent of decline may depend on the abundance of an invader and the length of time since it first arrived in the community （residence time）, and the interaction between these two variables. We tested these effects using data on the effects of American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus invasion on native frog communities in 65 permanent lentic waters on islands in the Zhoushan Archipel- ago, China. We examined variation in native frog abundance and species richness in relation to features of the American bullfrog invasion, habitat disturbance, characteristics of the water body and fish communities and the presence of red swamp crayfish. Bullfrog invaded sites had lower native frog density and species richness, higher submerged vegetation cover and greater fre- quency of repairs to the water body than did non-invaded sites. The minimum adequate general linear mixed models showed that both native frog density and species richness were negatively related to post-metamorphosis bullfrog density, and that native frog species richness was also positively related to the vegetation cover. There was no effect on either native frog density or species richness of residence time or its interaction with bullfrog density, or of the abundance of bullfrog tadpoles. The results suggested that post-metamorphosis bullfrogs had impacts on native frog communities in the islands, and that the extents of these impacts are proportional to post-metamorphosis bullfrog density展开更多
Tailings of a Pb and Zn mine as a metal-contaminated area （Zone 1） with two pioneer plant species, Peganum harmala and Zygophyllum fabago, were investigated and compared with a non-contaminated area （Zone 2） in th...Tailings of a Pb and Zn mine as a metal-contaminated area （Zone 1） with two pioneer plant species, Peganum harmala and Zygophyllum fabago, were investigated and compared with a non-contaminated area （Zone 2） in the vicinity. Total concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cu in the soil of Zone 1 were 1 416, 2 217, and 426 mg kg-1, respectively, and all exceeded their ranges in the normal soils. The soil pH was in the neutral range and most of the physical and chemical characteristics of the soils from both zones were almost similar. The species Z. fabago accumulated higher Cu and Zn in its aerial part and roots than the normal plants. On the other hand, their concentrations did not reach the criteria that the species could be considered as a metal hyperaccumulator. The species P. harmala did not absorb metals in its roots; accordingly, the accumulation factor values of these metals were lower than 1. The contents of chlorophyll, biomass, malondialdehyde, and dityrosine in these two species did not vary significantly between the two zones studied. In Zone 1, leaf vacuoles of Z. fabago stored 35.6% and 43.2% of the total leaf Cu and Zn, respectively. However, in this species, the levels of phytochelatins （PCs） and glutathione （GSH） and antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly higher in Zone 1 than in Zone 2. In conclusion, metal exclusion in P. harmala and metal accumulation in Z. fabago were the basic strategies in the two studied pioneer species growing on the metal-contaminated zone. In response to metal stress, elevation in antioxidant enzyme activities, increases in the PCs and GSH levels in the aerial parts, and metal storage within vacuoles counteracted each other in the invasion mechanism of Z. ]abago.展开更多
Current plant diversity can influence exotic plant invasion,but it is unclear whether there is a legacy effect of plant diversity on exotic plant invasion.As plant diversity can affect soil microbial communities and p...Current plant diversity can influence exotic plant invasion,but it is unclear whether there is a legacy effect of plant diversity on exotic plant invasion.As plant diversity can affect soil microbial communities and physio-chemical properties,which may cascade to impact subsequent exotic plant growth,we hypothesize that the soil legacy effect of plant diversity can influence exotic plant invasion.We conducted a plant–soil feedback experiment.In the conditioning phase,we trained soils by monocultures of 12 plant species from three functional groups(4 grasses,3 legumes and 5 forbs)and mixtures of 8 randomly selected species with all three functional groups from this 12-species pool.In the test phase,we grew the invasive plant Bidens pilosa with a co-occurring native grass(Arthraxon hispidus),with a co-occurring native forb(Pterocypsela indica)or with both in each type of the conditioned soils.The performance of B.pilosa relative to its native competitors varied depending on the functional type of both conditioning plant species in the conditioning phase and competing plant species in the test phase.Diversity of the conditioning plants did not influence the growth difference between B.pilosa and its native competitors.However,increasing diversity of the competing plant species reduced the performance of B.pilosa relative to its native competitors.Our results suggest that current plant diversity can reduce exotic plant invasion through increasing growth inequality between invasive and native plants,but the soil legacy effect of plant diversity may have little impact on exotic plant invasion.展开更多
文摘伊立替康(irinotecan)不良反应与UGT1A1*6单核苷酸多态性相关,目前应用的单核苷酸多态性检测方法具有耗时长、开盖易污染、操作繁琐等缺点,因此需建立一种操作简便且不易污染的适合临床应用的新方法。本研究利用3种已知基因型的DNA样本建立基于级联核酸侵入反应的real-time PCR法检测UGT1A1*6多态性的最佳反应体系,并对其检测口腔咽拭子样本的灵敏度和准确性进行了考察。结果显示,本文成功建立了基于级联核酸侵入反应的UGT1A1*6基因多态性检测方法,可用于咽拭子样本的分型检测,其灵敏度达到6 ng DNA,分型准确性达到100%。因其取样方便对人体无创,单管闭管检测不易产生交叉污染,具有用于临床检测伊立替康的个体化用药相关UGT1A1*6基因多态性的潜力。
基金Acknowledgements We thank Feng XU and Yanping WANG for helping a part of field works and Richard Duncan for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from National Science foundation （No. 30870312） and by a grant from the ＂973＂ program （No. 2007CB411600）.
文摘Native species may decline quickly when confronted with an exotic species to which they are not adapted. The extent of decline may depend on the abundance of an invader and the length of time since it first arrived in the community （residence time）, and the interaction between these two variables. We tested these effects using data on the effects of American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus invasion on native frog communities in 65 permanent lentic waters on islands in the Zhoushan Archipel- ago, China. We examined variation in native frog abundance and species richness in relation to features of the American bullfrog invasion, habitat disturbance, characteristics of the water body and fish communities and the presence of red swamp crayfish. Bullfrog invaded sites had lower native frog density and species richness, higher submerged vegetation cover and greater fre- quency of repairs to the water body than did non-invaded sites. The minimum adequate general linear mixed models showed that both native frog density and species richness were negatively related to post-metamorphosis bullfrog density, and that native frog species richness was also positively related to the vegetation cover. There was no effect on either native frog density or species richness of residence time or its interaction with bullfrog density, or of the abundance of bullfrog tadpoles. The results suggested that post-metamorphosis bullfrogs had impacts on native frog communities in the islands, and that the extents of these impacts are proportional to post-metamorphosis bullfrog density
基金Supported by the Tarbiat Moallem University,Iran
文摘Tailings of a Pb and Zn mine as a metal-contaminated area （Zone 1） with two pioneer plant species, Peganum harmala and Zygophyllum fabago, were investigated and compared with a non-contaminated area （Zone 2） in the vicinity. Total concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cu in the soil of Zone 1 were 1 416, 2 217, and 426 mg kg-1, respectively, and all exceeded their ranges in the normal soils. The soil pH was in the neutral range and most of the physical and chemical characteristics of the soils from both zones were almost similar. The species Z. fabago accumulated higher Cu and Zn in its aerial part and roots than the normal plants. On the other hand, their concentrations did not reach the criteria that the species could be considered as a metal hyperaccumulator. The species P. harmala did not absorb metals in its roots; accordingly, the accumulation factor values of these metals were lower than 1. The contents of chlorophyll, biomass, malondialdehyde, and dityrosine in these two species did not vary significantly between the two zones studied. In Zone 1, leaf vacuoles of Z. fabago stored 35.6% and 43.2% of the total leaf Cu and Zn, respectively. However, in this species, the levels of phytochelatins （PCs） and glutathione （GSH） and antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly higher in Zone 1 than in Zone 2. In conclusion, metal exclusion in P. harmala and metal accumulation in Z. fabago were the basic strategies in the two studied pioneer species growing on the metal-contaminated zone. In response to metal stress, elevation in antioxidant enzyme activities, increases in the PCs and GSH levels in the aerial parts, and metal storage within vacuoles counteracted each other in the invasion mechanism of Z. ]abago.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001122,31761123001)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LQ21C030003)the Ten Thousand Talent Program of Zhejiang Province(grant 2018R52016).
文摘Current plant diversity can influence exotic plant invasion,but it is unclear whether there is a legacy effect of plant diversity on exotic plant invasion.As plant diversity can affect soil microbial communities and physio-chemical properties,which may cascade to impact subsequent exotic plant growth,we hypothesize that the soil legacy effect of plant diversity can influence exotic plant invasion.We conducted a plant–soil feedback experiment.In the conditioning phase,we trained soils by monocultures of 12 plant species from three functional groups(4 grasses,3 legumes and 5 forbs)and mixtures of 8 randomly selected species with all three functional groups from this 12-species pool.In the test phase,we grew the invasive plant Bidens pilosa with a co-occurring native grass(Arthraxon hispidus),with a co-occurring native forb(Pterocypsela indica)or with both in each type of the conditioned soils.The performance of B.pilosa relative to its native competitors varied depending on the functional type of both conditioning plant species in the conditioning phase and competing plant species in the test phase.Diversity of the conditioning plants did not influence the growth difference between B.pilosa and its native competitors.However,increasing diversity of the competing plant species reduced the performance of B.pilosa relative to its native competitors.Our results suggest that current plant diversity can reduce exotic plant invasion through increasing growth inequality between invasive and native plants,but the soil legacy effect of plant diversity may have little impact on exotic plant invasion.
