Faeces were counted along horizontal, 5.0m wide strips at altitude intervals of 100m to examine the altitudinal ranging pattern of a band of black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys （Rhinopithecus bieti） at Nanren （99...Faeces were counted along horizontal, 5.0m wide strips at altitude intervals of 100m to examine the altitudinal ranging pattern of a band of black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys （Rhinopithecus bieti） at Nanren （99°04′E, 28°34′N, Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reverse, Yunnan, China） at four areas in each season between 2000-2001. Faeces were also counted along vertical, 2.5 m wide strips in one subvalley and on one subridge in each area. Monkeys used an altitudinal range of 3500-4300m, but preferred occupying the upper forest belt between 3900 and 4200m asl year-round, being at the highest altitude in summer, the lowest altitude in spring, and middle altitudes between autumn and winter （lower in winter than autumn）. Moreover, there were secondary peaks of lower altitude use （3700m） in spring and winter. In addition, more faeces were distributed in subvalleys than on subridges in winter, this suggests that monkeys tend to spend more time in subvalleys where there is less wind and fluctuating temperatures. The significant correlation between faecal density and lichen load might indicate that altitudinal distribution of food resources may act as an important factor affecting the monkeys＇ range. The monkeys might migrate to lower altitudes to eat young sprouts and leaves in spring, and to shelter from snowstorms in winter, possibly resulting in the secondary peaks at lower altitudes.展开更多
Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)is a promising strategy that involves reconstruction of gut microbiota.Recently,it has been considered as a treatment of Crohn’s disease(CD)and certain neurological diseases.Here,...Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)is a promising strategy that involves reconstruction of gut microbiota.Recently,it has been considered as a treatment of Crohn’s disease(CD)and certain neurological diseases.Here,to the best of our knowledge,we report the first case that used FMT to achieve remission of intestinal and neurological symptoms in a girl with CD and a 17-year history of epilepsy.During the 20 mo of follow-up,FMT has proved its efficacy in preventing relapse of seizures after withdrawing the antiepileptic drugs.Furthermore,this finding highlights the role of microbiota-gut-brain axis and inspires a novel treatment for epilepsy through remodeling gut microbiota.展开更多
To verify the utility of treatment with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).METHODSWe searched EMBASE, Cochrane Library and PubMed in March, 2017. The reviewed litera...To verify the utility of treatment with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).METHODSWe searched EMBASE, Cochrane Library and PubMed in March, 2017. The reviewed literature was based on two systematic searches in each of the databases. The MeSH terms used were IBS and fecal microbiota transplantation and the abbreviations IBS and FMT. Reference lists from the articles were reviewed to identify additional pertinent articles.RESULTSA total of six conference abstracts, one case report, one letter to the editor, and one clinical review were included. In the final analysis, treatment of 48 patients was evaluated. Treatment revealed an improvement in 58% of cases. The varying structure of the nine included studies must be taken into consideration.CONCLUSIONData on FMT and IBS are too limited to draw sufficient conclusions. Standardized double blinded randomized clinical trials need to be carried out to evaluate the effect of FMT on IBS.展开更多
AIM To investigate whether fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) prevents hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute hepatic dysfunction. METHODS A rat model of HE was establis...AIM To investigate whether fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) prevents hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute hepatic dysfunction. METHODS A rat model of HE was established with CCl4. Rat behaviors and spatial learning capability were observed, and hepatic necrosis, intestinal mucosal barrier, serum ammonia levels and intestinal permeability were determined in HE rats receiving FMT treatment. Furthermore, the expression of tight junction proteins (Claudin-1, Claudin-6 and Occludin), Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4/TLR9, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was examined. RESULTS FMT improved rat behaviors, HE grade and spatial learning capability. Moreover, FMT prevented hepatic necrosis and intestinal mucosal barrier damage, leading to hepatic clearance of serum ammonia levels and reduced intestinal permeability. The expression of TLR4 and TLR9, two potent mediators of inflammatory response, was significantly downregulated in the liver of rats treated with FMT. Consistently, circulating proinflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were remarkably decreased, indicating that FMT is able to limit systemic inflammation by decreasing the expression of TLR4 and TLR9. Importantly, HE-induced loss of tight junction proteins (Claudin-1, Claudin-6 and Occludin) was restored in intestinal tissues of rats receiving FMT treatment. CONCLUSION FMT enables protective effects in HE rats, and it improves the cognitive function and reduces the liver function indexes. FMT may cure HE by altering the intestinal permeability and improving the TLR response of the liver.展开更多
The role of fecal microbial transplant(FMT) in the treatment of pediatric gastrointestinal disease has become increasingly popular among pediatric practitioners, patients, and parents. The success of FMT for the treat...The role of fecal microbial transplant(FMT) in the treatment of pediatric gastrointestinal disease has become increasingly popular among pediatric practitioners, patients, and parents. The success of FMT for the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection(RCDI) has bolstered interest in its potential application to other disease states, such as inflammatory bowel disease(IBD). FMT has particular interest in pediatrics, given the concerns of patients and parents about rates of adverse events with existing therapeutic options, and the greater cumulative medication burden associated with childhoodonset disease. Published literature on the use of FMT in pediatrics is sparse. Only 45 pediatric patients treated for RCDI have been reported, and only 27 pediatric patients with pediatric IBD. The pediatric microbiome may uniquely respond to microbial-based therapies. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of fecal microbial transplant and its potential role in the treatment of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. We will discuss the microbiome in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease, existing adult and pediatric literature on the use of FMT in IBD treatment, and pediatric FMT trials that are currently recruiting patients. This review will also discuss features of the microbiome that may be associated with host response in fecal transplant, and potential challenges and opportunities for the future of FMT in pediatric IBD treatment.展开更多
We describe a 74-year-old man with a colonic metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from the lung. His chest X-ray revealed an abnormal shadow in the right upper lobe. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest demonstra...We describe a 74-year-old man with a colonic metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from the lung. His chest X-ray revealed an abnormal shadow in the right upper lobe. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest demonstrated a large lung tumor in the right upper lobe obstructing the right upper bronchus. Bronchoscopy revealed an easy-bleeding tumor in the right upper bronchus that was diagnosed as poorly differentiated squamous cell lung carcinoma. He underwent colonoscopy because he had a positive fecal occult blood test. Colonoscopy revealed a large protruding lesion with central ulceration in the descending colon. Histological examination of the biopsy specimen obtained from the colonic lesion revealed SCC. The lesion was diagnosed as metastatic colonic SCC. He had no abdominal symptoms. He underwent chemotherapy with an infusion of cisplatin 130 mg i.v. day 1, and docetaxel hydrate 100 mg i.v. day 1, repeated every 4 wk, followed by 4 courses of chemotherapy. The primary lesion shrank by less than 10% and was judged to be "Partial Response" (PR) after 3 courses of treatment. The patient still lived 23 wk after the diagnosis of metastatic colonic SCC. Colonic metastasis of primary SCC of the lung is rare.展开更多
A nano probe system which can measure precise contact force in mN scale was demonstrated. The nano probe micro parts or optical parts in nanometer range resolution and scratch was originally designed for on-machine me...A nano probe system which can measure precise contact force in mN scale was demonstrated. The nano probe micro parts or optical parts in nanometer range resolution and scratch was originally designed for on-machine measuring applications and one kind of contact type measuring probes was designed for miniaturized or microfactory system. It ideally should be of small size and able to measure surface topography in nanometer scale. A commercial capacitive displacement sensor was proposed. It was a new concept in nano probe systems which can measure the displacement of shaft driven by the variation of surface topography. The nano probe mainly consisted of three parts： a capacitive displacement sensor, a porous type air slide and a contact probe part with various tip radiuses. The porous type air slide assured the shaft slided smoothly with controllable normal force in mN scale and had high positioning accuracy. The probe part which was directly in contact with target surface, can be applied to micro/nanoscale scratching as well as the measurement of sample topography by a simple tip change.展开更多
A water-soluble polyhydroxylated fullerene, i.e., a fullerenol, with 44 hydroxyl groups and 8 secondary bound water molecules, C60（OH）44·8H2O （estimated average structure）, has been synthesized in a facile on...A water-soluble polyhydroxylated fullerene, i.e., a fullerenol, with 44 hydroxyl groups and 8 secondary bound water molecules, C60（OH）44·8H2O （estimated average structure）, has been synthesized in a facile one step reaction from pristine C60 by hydroxylation with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst, tetra-n-butylammonium hydroxide （TBAH）, under organic/aqueous bilayer conditions. The fullerenol exhibited high water solubility, up to 64.9 mg/mL, under neutral （pH = 7） conditions. Dynamic light-scattering （DES） analysis showed a narrow particle size distribution, of 1-2 nm, indicating that the fullerenol had high dispersion properties in water. The results of particle size analyses, which botll focused on a single nanoregion and were conducted using a novel induced grating （IG） method and a scanning probe microscope （SPM）, were consistent with the DES results. A plausible reaction mechanism, which includes fullerene oxide intermediates detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （LC-MS）, has been proposed.展开更多
As some studies have reported that strategies targeting the gut microbiota such as fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT) with or without other microecological therapy might have efficacy in treating slow transit const...As some studies have reported that strategies targeting the gut microbiota such as fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT) with or without other microecological therapy might have efficacy in treating slow transit constipation(STC), we conducted a singlecenter, open-label trial to study the long-term effect of FMT combined with soluble dietary fiber(pectin) on STC. Thirty-one adult patients with STC were enrolled into the trial. Patients received 6-day FMT procedures repeatedly for the first 3 months and soluble dietary fiber(pectin) daily during the follow-up. The rate of clinical remission and improvement, stool consistency, the Wexner constipation scale, and assessment of constipation-related symptoms were evaluated at week 4 and 1 year later. The clinical remission and improvement rates at week 4 were 69.0%(20/29) and 75.9%(22/29), respectively. At the end of the study,48.3%(14/29) of patients continued to have at least three complete spontaneous bowel movements per week and 58.6%(17/29)of patients showed clinical improvements. Stool consistency, the Wexner constipation scale, and constipation symptoms improved both at short-term and long-term follow-up. The results indicated that FMT in combination with soluble dietary fiber(pectin) had both short-term and long-term efficacy in treating STC.展开更多
Background and aim:Gutmicrobiotamay contribute to regulate colonicmotility,which is involved in the etiology of constipation.Fecalmicrobiota transplantation(FMT)has been demonstrated to restore intestinal homeostasis....Background and aim:Gutmicrobiotamay contribute to regulate colonicmotility,which is involved in the etiology of constipation.Fecalmicrobiota transplantation(FMT)has been demonstrated to restore intestinal homeostasis.The aimof this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of FMT for the treatment of slow transit constipation(STC).Methods:Fifty-two patients with STC received standardized FMT and were followed up for 6 months.Bowel habit,colonic transit time,constipation-related symptoms(PAC-SYM score),quality of life(PAC-QOL score),treatment satisfaction scores and adverse events were monitored.The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients having on average three or more complete spontaneous bowel movements(CSBMs)per week.Results:The primary efficacy endpoint was achieved in 50.0%,38.5%and 32.7%of patients over week intervals 3–4,9–12 and 21–24,respectively(P<0.01 for all comparisons).Significant improvements were also observed in other bowel movement assessments,colonic transit time,constipation-related symptoms and quality of life;but all improvements diminished at weeks 12 and 24.Incompleteness of evacuation served as the only factor associated with efficacy.No serious treatmentrelated adverse events were observed.Conclusion:This study suggested FMT was effective and safe for STC,while a late loss of efficacy was also observed.A lower degree of sensation of incompleteness predicted a better outcome.展开更多
基金Doctoral Research Startup Grant at Southwest Forestry CollegeThe Chinese Academy of Science(KSCX2-1-03)
文摘Faeces were counted along horizontal, 5.0m wide strips at altitude intervals of 100m to examine the altitudinal ranging pattern of a band of black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys （Rhinopithecus bieti） at Nanren （99°04′E, 28°34′N, Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reverse, Yunnan, China） at four areas in each season between 2000-2001. Faeces were also counted along vertical, 2.5 m wide strips in one subvalley and on one subridge in each area. Monkeys used an altitudinal range of 3500-4300m, but preferred occupying the upper forest belt between 3900 and 4200m asl year-round, being at the highest altitude in summer, the lowest altitude in spring, and middle altitudes between autumn and winter （lower in winter than autumn）. Moreover, there were secondary peaks of lower altitude use （3700m） in spring and winter. In addition, more faeces were distributed in subvalleys than on subridges in winter, this suggests that monkeys tend to spend more time in subvalleys where there is less wind and fluctuating temperatures. The significant correlation between faecal density and lichen load might indicate that altitudinal distribution of food resources may act as an important factor affecting the monkeys＇ range. The monkeys might migrate to lower altitudes to eat young sprouts and leaves in spring, and to shelter from snowstorms in winter, possibly resulting in the secondary peaks at lower altitudes.
基金Supported by The Public Donated Grant"Intestine Initiative"National Nature Science Foundation of China,No.81670495
文摘Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)is a promising strategy that involves reconstruction of gut microbiota.Recently,it has been considered as a treatment of Crohn’s disease(CD)and certain neurological diseases.Here,to the best of our knowledge,we report the first case that used FMT to achieve remission of intestinal and neurological symptoms in a girl with CD and a 17-year history of epilepsy.During the 20 mo of follow-up,FMT has proved its efficacy in preventing relapse of seizures after withdrawing the antiepileptic drugs.Furthermore,this finding highlights the role of microbiota-gut-brain axis and inspires a novel treatment for epilepsy through remodeling gut microbiota.
文摘To verify the utility of treatment with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).METHODSWe searched EMBASE, Cochrane Library and PubMed in March, 2017. The reviewed literature was based on two systematic searches in each of the databases. The MeSH terms used were IBS and fecal microbiota transplantation and the abbreviations IBS and FMT. Reference lists from the articles were reviewed to identify additional pertinent articles.RESULTSA total of six conference abstracts, one case report, one letter to the editor, and one clinical review were included. In the final analysis, treatment of 48 patients was evaluated. Treatment revealed an improvement in 58% of cases. The varying structure of the nine included studies must be taken into consideration.CONCLUSIONData on FMT and IBS are too limited to draw sufficient conclusions. Standardized double blinded randomized clinical trials need to be carried out to evaluate the effect of FMT on IBS.
文摘AIM To investigate whether fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) prevents hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute hepatic dysfunction. METHODS A rat model of HE was established with CCl4. Rat behaviors and spatial learning capability were observed, and hepatic necrosis, intestinal mucosal barrier, serum ammonia levels and intestinal permeability were determined in HE rats receiving FMT treatment. Furthermore, the expression of tight junction proteins (Claudin-1, Claudin-6 and Occludin), Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4/TLR9, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was examined. RESULTS FMT improved rat behaviors, HE grade and spatial learning capability. Moreover, FMT prevented hepatic necrosis and intestinal mucosal barrier damage, leading to hepatic clearance of serum ammonia levels and reduced intestinal permeability. The expression of TLR4 and TLR9, two potent mediators of inflammatory response, was significantly downregulated in the liver of rats treated with FMT. Consistently, circulating proinflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were remarkably decreased, indicating that FMT is able to limit systemic inflammation by decreasing the expression of TLR4 and TLR9. Importantly, HE-induced loss of tight junction proteins (Claudin-1, Claudin-6 and Occludin) was restored in intestinal tissues of rats receiving FMT treatment. CONCLUSION FMT enables protective effects in HE rats, and it improves the cognitive function and reduces the liver function indexes. FMT may cure HE by altering the intestinal permeability and improving the TLR response of the liver.
文摘The role of fecal microbial transplant(FMT) in the treatment of pediatric gastrointestinal disease has become increasingly popular among pediatric practitioners, patients, and parents. The success of FMT for the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection(RCDI) has bolstered interest in its potential application to other disease states, such as inflammatory bowel disease(IBD). FMT has particular interest in pediatrics, given the concerns of patients and parents about rates of adverse events with existing therapeutic options, and the greater cumulative medication burden associated with childhoodonset disease. Published literature on the use of FMT in pediatrics is sparse. Only 45 pediatric patients treated for RCDI have been reported, and only 27 pediatric patients with pediatric IBD. The pediatric microbiome may uniquely respond to microbial-based therapies. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of fecal microbial transplant and its potential role in the treatment of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. We will discuss the microbiome in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease, existing adult and pediatric literature on the use of FMT in IBD treatment, and pediatric FMT trials that are currently recruiting patients. This review will also discuss features of the microbiome that may be associated with host response in fecal transplant, and potential challenges and opportunities for the future of FMT in pediatric IBD treatment.
文摘We describe a 74-year-old man with a colonic metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from the lung. His chest X-ray revealed an abnormal shadow in the right upper lobe. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest demonstrated a large lung tumor in the right upper lobe obstructing the right upper bronchus. Bronchoscopy revealed an easy-bleeding tumor in the right upper bronchus that was diagnosed as poorly differentiated squamous cell lung carcinoma. He underwent colonoscopy because he had a positive fecal occult blood test. Colonoscopy revealed a large protruding lesion with central ulceration in the descending colon. Histological examination of the biopsy specimen obtained from the colonic lesion revealed SCC. The lesion was diagnosed as metastatic colonic SCC. He had no abdominal symptoms. He underwent chemotherapy with an infusion of cisplatin 130 mg i.v. day 1, and docetaxel hydrate 100 mg i.v. day 1, repeated every 4 wk, followed by 4 courses of chemotherapy. The primary lesion shrank by less than 10% and was judged to be "Partial Response" (PR) after 3 courses of treatment. The patient still lived 23 wk after the diagnosis of metastatic colonic SCC. Colonic metastasis of primary SCC of the lung is rare.
基金Project supported by National Core Research Center (NCRC) and Chosun University, Korea
文摘A nano probe system which can measure precise contact force in mN scale was demonstrated. The nano probe micro parts or optical parts in nanometer range resolution and scratch was originally designed for on-machine measuring applications and one kind of contact type measuring probes was designed for miniaturized or microfactory system. It ideally should be of small size and able to measure surface topography in nanometer scale. A commercial capacitive displacement sensor was proposed. It was a new concept in nano probe systems which can measure the displacement of shaft driven by the variation of surface topography. The nano probe mainly consisted of three parts： a capacitive displacement sensor, a porous type air slide and a contact probe part with various tip radiuses. The porous type air slide assured the shaft slided smoothly with controllable normal force in mN scale and had high positioning accuracy. The probe part which was directly in contact with target surface, can be applied to micro/nanoscale scratching as well as the measurement of sample topography by a simple tip change.
文摘A water-soluble polyhydroxylated fullerene, i.e., a fullerenol, with 44 hydroxyl groups and 8 secondary bound water molecules, C60（OH）44·8H2O （estimated average structure）, has been synthesized in a facile one step reaction from pristine C60 by hydroxylation with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst, tetra-n-butylammonium hydroxide （TBAH）, under organic/aqueous bilayer conditions. The fullerenol exhibited high water solubility, up to 64.9 mg/mL, under neutral （pH = 7） conditions. Dynamic light-scattering （DES） analysis showed a narrow particle size distribution, of 1-2 nm, indicating that the fullerenol had high dispersion properties in water. The results of particle size analyses, which botll focused on a single nanoregion and were conducted using a novel induced grating （IG） method and a scanning probe microscope （SPM）, were consistent with the DES results. A plausible reaction mechanism, which includes fullerene oxide intermediates detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （LC-MS）, has been proposed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81670493)by the National Gastroenterology Research Project (2015BAI13B07)
文摘As some studies have reported that strategies targeting the gut microbiota such as fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT) with or without other microecological therapy might have efficacy in treating slow transit constipation(STC), we conducted a singlecenter, open-label trial to study the long-term effect of FMT combined with soluble dietary fiber(pectin) on STC. Thirty-one adult patients with STC were enrolled into the trial. Patients received 6-day FMT procedures repeatedly for the first 3 months and soluble dietary fiber(pectin) daily during the follow-up. The rate of clinical remission and improvement, stool consistency, the Wexner constipation scale, and assessment of constipation-related symptoms were evaluated at week 4 and 1 year later. The clinical remission and improvement rates at week 4 were 69.0%(20/29) and 75.9%(22/29), respectively. At the end of the study,48.3%(14/29) of patients continued to have at least three complete spontaneous bowel movements per week and 58.6%(17/29)of patients showed clinical improvements. Stool consistency, the Wexner constipation scale, and constipation symptoms improved both at short-term and long-term follow-up. The results indicated that FMT in combination with soluble dietary fiber(pectin) had both short-term and long-term efficacy in treating STC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81670493)the National Gastroenterology Research Project(2015BAI13B07).
文摘Background and aim:Gutmicrobiotamay contribute to regulate colonicmotility,which is involved in the etiology of constipation.Fecalmicrobiota transplantation(FMT)has been demonstrated to restore intestinal homeostasis.The aimof this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of FMT for the treatment of slow transit constipation(STC).Methods:Fifty-two patients with STC received standardized FMT and were followed up for 6 months.Bowel habit,colonic transit time,constipation-related symptoms(PAC-SYM score),quality of life(PAC-QOL score),treatment satisfaction scores and adverse events were monitored.The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients having on average three or more complete spontaneous bowel movements(CSBMs)per week.Results:The primary efficacy endpoint was achieved in 50.0%,38.5%and 32.7%of patients over week intervals 3–4,9–12 and 21–24,respectively(P<0.01 for all comparisons).Significant improvements were also observed in other bowel movement assessments,colonic transit time,constipation-related symptoms and quality of life;but all improvements diminished at weeks 12 and 24.Incompleteness of evacuation served as the only factor associated with efficacy.No serious treatmentrelated adverse events were observed.Conclusion:This study suggested FMT was effective and safe for STC,while a late loss of efficacy was also observed.A lower degree of sensation of incompleteness predicted a better outcome.
