本科法语专业口译课程中促成性无缝学习模式的设计与应用

促成性无缝学习模式作为一种提高终身学习能力的学习方式,可以帮助解决本科法语专业口译教学面临的无法兼顾技能、语言和知识,口译练习难易度难以把握,课后练习难以追踪管理的三大难题。试以无缝学习模式相关理论为依托,进行口译教学的设计和实践,以期望为同类口译教学提供一些参考。

知识产权侵权促成性事由探究

知识产权侵权促成性事由,是指不符合知识产权侵权构成要件但因对知识产权人商业利益造成直接损失而由法律明确规定视为侵权的事由。虽然法律规定知识产权侵权促成性事由是对知识产权一般侵权要件的补充,有利于提高知识产权的保护水平,但适用不当也可能成为知识霸权的借口,因此需要在相关的立法中作出明确规定。在认定是否构成知识产权侵权促成性事由时应坚持严格的法定主义。

专利链接中拟制侵权的理论基础与实施问题

拟制侵权作为连接仿制药上市申请与等待期、独占期制度的节点,对构建完整的专利链接制度,保障专利权人利益具有重要意义。拟制侵权的设立旨在在允许仿制药商提前申请上市审批的情况下赋予原研药专利权人提前提起侵权诉讼解决潜在纠纷的权利。观察该制度的构建目的与适用经验,严格限缩其适用范围、避免权利人滥诉是保障实施效果的重要基础。在我国构建专利链接制度背景下,本文建议立法者采法律拟制手段将仿制药商特定行为纳入专利侵权体系,采用列举式规定避免权利扩张。在拟制侵权细则的制定上,立法者应当将拟制侵权诉讼与药品审批决定的链接点选择、等待期期限长短设定与我国审判实践结合,同时控制适用拟制侵权的专利质量,明确等待期适用次数,允许诉讼中被告提起反诉,降低潜在的滥诉风险。

美国版权法第三人侵权责任制度及对我国的启示

网络著作权侵权是我国修改著作权法时需要应对的一个重要问题。为应对这一问题,美国法律实践中发展出了"第三人侵权责任(The third party liability)"制度,规制互联网相关技术和服务商,使他们在某些情况下承担侵权责任。Grokster案之后,这一制度得到相应发展,规定了第三人的促成性侵权责任、间接侵权责任和唆使型侵权责任。这一制度值得我国立法和司法实践借鉴。

Enabling in the Production-Oriented Approach:Theoretical Principles and Classroom Implementation

Enabling as the second phase of the Production-Oriented Approach(POA)instruction(Wen,2015),plays a vital role in determining the quality of productive performance of English language learners.To explore how to apply theoretical principles of enabling to practice,this paper interprets theoretical principles and reports the practice of the classroom implementation of enabling.The paper proposes a definition for enabling,clarifies the confusion between enabling and scaffolding,and clears up some misunderstandings about enabling.It explains three criteria for effective enabling,namely,alignment,gradualness,and variety,and elaborates on the relations among them.Based on the teaching material of Unit 7 of iEnglish,the paper demonstrates how to design and implement enabling activities under the guidance of these three criteria and evaluates the actual effectiveness of the enabling implemented in the classroom.

Electrochemical recycling of Pd and Ag from simulated high-level liquid waste

For the recycling of Pd and Ag from high-level liquid waste(HLLW), the electrochemical behaviors of Pd and Ag in the simulated HNO_(3) solutions were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic deposition.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) were used to-observe the deposits morphology and to evaluate their composition. The results indicate that the formation of NO_(2)^(-)electrodeposited. When Pd and Ag are electrodeposited together, more metals are gained in the same time, and the deposited Ag does not dissolve in this situation. The metals are electrodeposited completely at the potentials from -0.4 to -0.6 V(vs MSE) and the deposits contai-n Ag and PdHx. The electrodeposition of Pd can boost h-ydrogen evolution,and then the reaction between H;and NO_(2)^(-)is sped up, thereby lowering the concentration of NO_(2)^(-)and inhibiting the dissolution of Ag.

Plasma erythropoietin levels in anaemic and non-anaemic patients with chronic liver diseases

AIM: To investigate the serum erythropoietin (Epo) levels in patients with chronic liver diseases and to compare to subjects with iron-deficiency anaemia and healthy controls.METHODS: We examined 31 anaemic (ALC) and 22 non-anaemic (NALC) cirrhotic patients, 21 non-anaemic subjects with chronic active hepatitis (CAH), 24 patients with iron-deficiency anaemia (ID) and 15 healthy controls. Circulating Epo levels (ELISA; R&D Systems, Europe Ltd, Abingdon,UK) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration were determined in all subjects.RESULTS: Mean±SD of Epo values was 26.9±10.8 mU/mL in ALC patients, 12.5±8.0 mU/mL in NALC subjects,11.6±6.3 mU/mL in CAH patients, 56.4±12.7 mU/mL in the cases of ID and 9.3±2.6 mU/mL in controls. No significant difference (P>0.05) was found in Epo levels between controls, CAH and NALC patients. ALC individuals had higher Epo levels (P<0.01) than these groups whereas ID subjects had even higher levels (P<0.001) than patients suffering from ALC.CONCLUSION: Increased Epo values in cirrhotics, are only detectable when haemoglobin was lesser than 12 g/dL.Nevertheless, this rise in value is lower than that observed in anaemic patients with iron-deficiency and appears blunted and inadequate in comparison to the degree of anaemia.

Does recombinant human erythropoietin accelerate correction of post-ulcer-bleeding anaemia?A pilot study

AIM:Anaemia caused by acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding is treated with blood transfusion or iron,but patients usually face a two-month recovery period from post- haemorrhage anaemia.This prospective,randomised,open, pilot study was designed to investigate whether recombinant human erythropoietin(Epoetin)therapy accelerate haematocrit increase in the post-bleeding recovery period. METHODS:We studied hospitalised patients admitted because of acute ulcer bleeding or haemorrhagic gastritis, who had a haematocrit of 27-33% and did not receive blood transfusions.One day after the endoscopic confirmation of cessation of bleeding,they were randomised either to erythropoietin(20 000 IU Epoetin alfa subcutaneously,on days 0,4 and 6)plus iron(100 mg im,on days 1-6,(G_1)or iron only(G_2).Haematocdt was measured on days 0,6,14, 30,45,and 60,respectively. RESULTS:One patient from G_1 and two from G_2 were lost to follow-up.Therefore,14 and 13 patients from G_1 and G_2 respectively were analysed.Demographic characteristics,serum iron,ferritin,total iron binding capacity,reticulocytes,and haernatoait were not significantly different at entry to the study. Median reticulocyte counts were significantly different between groups on day six(G_1:4.0,3.0-6.4 vs G_2:3.5,2.1-4.4%, P=0.03)and median haematocrit on day fourteen [G_1:35.9, 30.7-41.0 vs G_2:32.5,29.5-37.0%(median,range),P=0.04]. CONCLUSION:Erythropoietin administration significantly accelerates correction of anemia after acute ulcer bleeding. The haematocrit gain is equivalent to one unit of transfused blood two weeks after the bleeding episode.

“产出导向法”促成环节的辩证研究

在“产出导向法”教学中,“促成”对产出质量发挥关键作用,如何提高促成有效性成为亟需解决的理论和实践难题。本研究以文秋芳提出的“促成有效性标准”为理论起点,采用“辩证研究范式”,在先导研究基础上陆续开展三轮研究流程,分别探讨了“渐进性”“精准性”和“多样性”促成的具体原则、实践方案和发生机制。笔者收集问卷、访谈、学生产出文本数据,并据此开展质性和量化分析。通过三轮理论与实践的互动,有效促成的理论框架不断优化,相应的实践手段持续完善,对促成发生机制的解释更加充分。