促甲状腺激素释放激素在应激性溃疡致病过程中的作用

目的:探讨促甲状腺激素释放激素(TRH)在冷束缚应激性溃疡发病中的作用及其机制．方法:选用SD大鼠制备应激性溃疡模型,观察侧脑室注射TRH或TRH抗血清后对胃黏膜、胃液的分泌量和胃运动的影响．结果:侧脑室注射TRH 3h后,可使室温条件下禁食24h的清醒大鼠胃黏膜严重损伤,胃液量(5．5±0．7 mL/2 h vs 2．7±0．6 mL/2h, P<0．01)和总酸排出量(539．4±50．5μmol HCl/2h vs 317．7±45.3 μmol HCl/2 h,P<0．05) 均比对照组明显增加,胃壁结合黏液的分泌减少(1．35±0．08 vs 2．21±0．11,P<0．01),胃收缩频率(1．2±0.2 vs 0．4±0．1,P<0．01)、收缩波宽度(17．2±2．0 vs 8．1±1．1,P<0．01)和每分胃运动指数(90．3±14．2 vs 13．2±3．1,P<0．01)均明显高于对照组,冷束缚应激引起的大鼠胃黏膜损伤作用能被侧脑室注射TRH抗血清明显抑制(溃疡指数:10．2±3．9 vs 30．3±5．5,P<0．01)．结论:侧脑室注射TRH可使胃黏膜产生与应激相类似的溃疡,脑内TRH合成分泌增多是冷束缚应激时胃黏膜损伤的重要原因．

促甲状腺激素水平与体外受精孕妇妊娠结局的关系

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if pregnancy outcome for women undergoing in vitro fertilization is correlated with pre-conception thyroid-stimulating hormone level. Study design: We performed a retrospective cohort study of in vitro fertilization cycles in our private practice with an initial positive serum human chorionic gonadotropin level and thyroid-stimulating hormone level available (n = 364). We examined whether or not birth outcome differed between cycles in which the thyroid-stimulating hormone was > 2.5 mIU/L compared with cycles with a thyroid-stimulating hormone level of ≤ 2.5 mIU/L. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between thyroid-stimulating hormone level and spontaneous abortion rate. Results: Delivery outcome was available for 195 cycles, 36% of which had a thyroid-stimulating hormone level > 2.5. The gestational age at delivery was higher in cycles with a thyroid-stimulating hormone ≤ 2.5 than for cycles with a thyroid-stimulating hormone > 2.5 (38.5 vs 38.0 weeks for singletons, 36.0 vs 34.6 weeks for twins, overall P = .012 for thyroid-stimulating hormone level). The mean birth weight for cycles with a thyroid-stimulating hormone ≤ 2.5 was higher than for cycles with a thyroid-stimulating hormone > 2.5 (7.33 vs 6.78 lbs for singletons, P = .024 and 5.36 vs 4.83 lbs for twins, P = .023). Restricting analysis to cycles where the woman was not taking thyroid replacement did not change the overall conclusions. There was a trend toward increasing risk of miscarriage with increasing thyroid-stimulating hormone level in nondonor cycles, controlling for age and day 3 follicle-stimulating hormone level, but this trend did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: A pre-conce-ption thyroid-stimulating hormone level > 2.5 mIU/L is associated with a lower gestational age at delivery and lower birth weight in women undergoing in vitro fertilization.

皮质醇增多症患者甲状腺功能的临床特征分析

目的探讨皮质醇增多症患者甲状腺功能的临床特征。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2014年12月于中国医科大学附属第一医院就诊的54例皮质醇增多症患者的临床资料，其中27例接受手术治疗。检测所有患者治疗前的游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）、游离甲状腺素（FT4）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平并分析甲状腺功能改变的特点。经手术治疗的27例患者中，有14例在术后随访中复查早晨8点的血皮质醇、促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）、FT3、FT4、TSH，分析血皮质醇水平对甲状腺功能的影响。结果54例皮质醇增多症患者中，甲状腺功能异常者占37．0％（20／54），FT3、FT4、TSH降低者分别占16．7％（9／54）、13．0％（7／54）、24．1％（13／54），均低于正常值下限。14例经手术治疗的皮质醇增多症患者，术后血皮质醇及ACTH水平下降，得到有效控制，与术前比较差异均有统计学意义[59．8（34．9，163．0）nmol／L比776．2（532．2，1030．2）nmol／L，1．8（1．0，24．3）ng／L比50．4（1．0，78．6）ng／L]（P〈0．05）；术后FT3、FT4、TSH水平升高（均低于正常值上限），FT3及FT4与术前比较差异有统计学意义[（4．2±1．1）pmol／L比（3．2±0．7）pmol／L，（15．4±2．4）pmo]／L比（11．6±2．7）pmol／L]（P〈0．05）。结论皮质醇增多症患者血皮质醇水平升高使下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴的调节机制减弱，甲状腺功能受损，出现甲状腺激素水平和TSH水平同时减低，在手术治疗后甲状腺功能得到不同程度的改善。

正常甲状腺功能的TSH水平与血脂异常相关性研究

目的探讨正常的人群中甲状腺激素(TSH)水平与血脂谱之间的关系。方法对800例甲状腺功能正常患者进行甲状腺功能、血脂、空腹血糖及胰岛素等检查。结果 (1)在正常范围的TSH值,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)与TSH呈正相关。(2)在正常范围的TSH值,总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)与TSH无相关性。结论在甲状腺功能正常人群中,TSH升高为LDL-C升常的危险因素。

甲状腺激素对急性胰腺炎严重程度的评判价值

目的探讨甲状腺激素对急性胰腺炎疾病严重程度早期评判的价值。方法前瞻性收集52例急性胰腺炎（重症32例、轻症20例）患者的临床资料。疾病严重程度根据亚特兰大标准分为32例重症（SAP）和20例轻症急性胰腺炎（MAP）。检测入院时患者的甲状腺激素水平（FT4、FT3、FT3、TSH）。比较甲状腺激素水平的组间差异,分析甲状腺激素水平与APACHEII评分及BalthazarCT分级的关系，并采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评价甲状腺激素预测疾病严重程度的有效性。结果SAP组血清FT3水平明显低于MAP组（P〈0.01）;而FT4、FT3和TSH水平组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。血清FT3水平与APACHEH评分及BalthazarCT分级呈显著性负相关（分别为r=-0.687，P〈0.01；r=-0.720,P〈0.01）。FT3的ROC曲线下面积为0.875。采用优选的分界点2.87pmol/L,FT3预测重症胰腺炎灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为75%，95%,93.8%和79.2%。

Baseline predictors of virological response for chronic hepatitis B patients

AIM： To determine which baseline factors of chronic hepatitis B patients are predictive of virological response to Peginterferon α-2b therapy. METHODS： A total of 21 HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B （CriB） patients treated with Peginterferon α-2b were recruited. They were treated with Peginterferon α-2b （0.5-1.0 μg/kg per week） for 24 wk and followed up for 24 wk. Clinical and laboratory data of the patients were determined at pretreatment and at week 12, at 24 during treatment, and at week 48 during follow up. RESULTS： Ten patients achieved a virological response at the end of treatment. Their baseline serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, thyroid-stimulating hormone （TSH）, and total thyroxin （TT4） levels were significantly different from those who failed treatment. The positive predictive values （PPV） and negative predictive values （NPV） of ALT, TSH, and TT4 were 75% and 89 %, 75% and 89 %, and 75% and 75%, respectively. Moreover, combinations of the baseline ALT and TT4, ALT and TSH, TT4 and TSH levels had much higher PPV and NPV （86% and 88%, 89% and 100%, 83% and 100%, respectively）.CONCLUSION： Baseline serum ALT, TSH, and TT4 levels, especially in combination, have high predictive values of virological response to Peginterferon α-2b in HBeAg-positive CriB patients.

Comprehensive treatment of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)-secreting pituitary adenoma:one case report

Thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)-secreting pituitary adenoma is a rare type in all pituitary tumors.Recently we treated a TSH-secreting pituitary tumor in our hospital.The patient had been treated for hyperthyroidism,in which methimazole had been prescribed for 10 years,but the symptoms had not been alleviated.MRI imaging demonstrated the typical features of a sellar tumor,and the diameter was approximately 2.7 cm.Based on the laboratory studies:T3 at 6.27 nmol/L,T4 at 260.10 nmol/L,FT3 at 17.22 pmol/L,FT4 at 76.06 pmol/L,TSH at 9.93 Mu/L,the patient was diagnosed with a TSH-secreting pituitary tumor and central hyperthyroidism.After the patient was given octreotide for one week,he received resection of tumor via single-nostril transsphenoidal approach.After discharge,the patient received the radiation therapy two courses about 20 days.Through the comprehensive treatment of surgery,radiotherapy and drugs,the patient received a satisfactory result.

Characteristics of Thyroid Hormones in Hypertensive Hispanic Population

The aim was to characterize thyroid function in Hispanic hypertensive population. Retrospective study of 1,023 individuals was performed, in which 68.23% had hypertension （74.21% women） and 37.25% had thyroid pathology. Age, weight, blood pressure, biochemical measurements were recorded, mean age： 53.02 ± 14.80 yr, mean weight： 83.05 ±16.95 kg, thyrotropin-stimulating hormone （TSH） hypertensive patients： 5.55±1.63 μUI/mL and without hypertension： 3,72 ± 1.60 μUI/mL. TSH range concentration distributed by sex indicates： 1.50-2.49 μUI/mL men, 2.50-5.01 μUI/mL women. TSH categories vs. age were positively associated （r = ＋ 0.114, P = 0.044） and hypertension by age was also correlated （r = ＋ 0.178, P = 0.0001）. Significant positive association we found between TSH and diastolic blood pressure （r = ＋ 0.197, P = 0.008）. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure vs. age were positively increasing （r = ＋ 0.410,p = 0.0001; r = ＋0.285, P = 0.0001, respectively）. Prevalence of thyroid pathology in hypertensive subjects are hyperthyroidism 5.87%; hypothyroidism 20.34% （5.73% subclinic） and autoimmune disease 6.25%. High percentage of hypertensive population has concomitant thyroid diseases, more common in women （50-70 years）. Systematic surveillance for occult thyroid dysfunction in patients with hypertension could prevent future cardiovascular disease.

Effect of Avocado （Persea Americana）, Cabbage （Brassica Oleracea） and Ginger （Zingiber Officinale） on Rat Liver and Thyroid Injuries Induced by CCI4 （Carbon Tetrachloride）

Avocado, Cabbage, and Ginger are a part of a regular human diet and have antioxidant, and antitumor effects. The effect of AVOE （avocado）, GE （Ginger） and CE （Cabbage） extracts separately on liver NO （nitric oxide）, MDA （malondialdehyde）, as well as serum AST （aspartate aminotransferase）, ALT （alanine aminotransferase）, total bilirubin, TC （total cholesterol）, T.G （triglyceride）, HDL cholesterol （high-density lipoprotein）, LDL cholesterol （low-density lipoprotein）, TSH （thyroid-stimulating hormone）, T3 （Triiodothyronine）, T4 （Thyroxine） in rats treated and untreated with CC14 （carbon tetrachloride） was studied. The levels of NO, MDA, as well as serum AST, ALT, total bilirubin, TC, T.G, LDL, and TSH, showed an elevation while, HDL, T3 and T4 showed the decline in rats treated with CC14 as compared to control. Treatment of rats with AVOE and GE pre, during, and post CC14 administration improve NO, MDA, as well as serum AST, ALT, total bilirubin, TC, T.G, HDL, LDL, TSH, T3, T4 as compared to CC14. Treatment of rats with CE pre, during, and post CC14 administration did not improve in the thyroid hormones and lipid profile levels as compared to CC14. These findings suggest that avocado and ginger treatment exerts a protective effect on metabolic disorders by decreasing oxidative stress.

EFFECTS OF ACUPUNCTURE ON THE PITUITARYTHYROID AXIS IN RABBITS WITH FRACTURE

PURPOSE: To observe the effects of acupuncture on the pituitary-thyroid axis in rabbits with fracture. METHOD: 36 male rabbits with a 3-mm width experimental defect in the middle segment of the left radius were randomly divided into the treatment group and control group, and the changes in serum T3, T4 and TSH contents in different weeks were investigated. RESULTS: Serum T3, T4 and TSH contents in the treatment group all were higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences in the contents of T4 and TSH in the second week and T3 content in the fourth week (P

女性水肿 当防甲减

水肿是常见的症状之一,尤其是女性,到了中年以后就更易发生。女性发生水肿的原因较多,在查不到原因时多诊断为特发性水肿。其实,中年女性的水肿由甲状腺机能减退症(甲减)引起的也不少,但经常不引起重视,有些甚至会误诊多年。 甲状腺位于人的颈部,是内分泌系统最重要的腺体之一。

TSHR胞外区中间段在BALB/c小鼠体内的免疫原性研究

目的观察促甲状腺激素受体(TSHR)胞外区中间段(TSHRm)的免疫调节作用,探讨TSHR分子结构与功能的关系。方法将血蓝蛋白与原核表达的人TSHRm融合蛋白耦联,间隔15d注入BALB/c小鼠腹腔内共5次,对照组注射生理盐水;检测动物血清T_4、促甲状腺激素受体抗体(TRAb)、促甲状腺激素受体刺激抗体(TSAb)、促甲状腺激素受体阻滞抗体(TBAb)水平及甲状腺组织病理变化。结果对照组动物T_4水平升高后下降,TRAb水平较实验前升高,TSAb、TBAb无显著变化。实验组动物T_4总体水平一直保持升高趋势;免疫30 d时血清TRAb水平显著升高(P<0.001),TSAb、TBAb水平变化表现为先升后降。甲状腺组织的病理变化为甲状腺上皮细胞增生和淋巴细胞浸润。结论人TSHRm融合蛋白可刺激小鼠产生TRAb、TSAb和TBAb,其对动物机体的影响反映了TSAb和TBAb综合作用的结果,表明TSHRm可能具有TSAb及TBAb两种抗原表位。

Correlation of expression of preprothyrotropin-releasing hormone and receptor with rat testis development

Objective To investigate the expression regulation of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) and TRH receptor (TRH-R), and their role in the development of rat testis.Methods Oligonucleotide primers were designed from the sequences of rat hypothalamus prepro TRH (ppTRH) and pituitary TRH-R cDNA for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Specific fragments of ppTRH and TRH-R cDNA were cloned and sequenced. Expression plasmids containing ppTRH and TRH-R genes were then constructed, and expression was found in E.coli DH5-α. ppTRH and TRH-R mRNA in the testis was quantitated in RNA samples prepared from rats at different developmental stages by real time quantitative RT-PCR.Results The quantitative analyses demonstrated that no ppTRH and TRH mRNA could be detected at the earliest stage (day 8). ppTRH and TRH mRNA signals were detected on day 15 and increased progressively on days 20, 35, 60 and 90. Conclusion Our results suggest that rat testis could specifically express TRH and TRH-R, and the transcriptions of ppTRH and TRH-R genes in the rat testis were development-dependent. The acquirement of expressed products for ppTRH and TRH-R can be used for further research on the physiological significance of TRH and TRH-R expression in rat testis.

令人震撼的 270000:1

这是一个令人震撼的比例:270000:1。说的是,美国科学家吉耶曼领导一个科研小组进行下丘脑激素研究的事。他们为了从羊脑中提出微量的、难以捉膜的激素,先后化费了整整三十五年的时间,

Regulatory mechanism of hormones of the pituitary-target gland axes in kidney-Yang deficiency based on a support vector machine model

OBJECTIVE:To study the development mechanism of kidney-Yang deficiency through the establishment of support vector machine models of relevant hormones of the pituitary-target gland axes in rats with kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome.METHODS:The kidney-Yang deficiency rat model was created by intramuscular injection of hydrocortisone,and contents of the hormones of the pituita- ry-thyroid axis:thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH),3,3',5-triiodothyronine(T_3) and thyroxine(T_4);hormones of the pituitary-adrenal gland axis:adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) and Cortisol(CORT);and hormones of the pituitary-gonadal axis:luteinizing hormone(LH),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),and testosterone(T),were determined in the early,middle,and advanced stages.Ten support vector regression(SVR) models of the hormones were established to analyze the mutual relationships among the hormones of the three axes.RESULTS:The feedback control action of the pituitary-adrenal axis began to lose efficacy from the middle stage of kidney-Kong deficiency.The contents all hormones of the three pituitary-target gland axes decreased in the advanced stage.Relative errors of the jackknife test of the SVR models all were less than 10%.CONCLUSION:Imbalances in mutual regulation among the hormones of the pituitary-target gland axes,especially loss of effectiveness of the pituitary-adrenal axis,is one pathogenesis of kidney-Yang deficiency.The SVR model can accurately reflect the complicated non-linear relationships among pituitary-target gland axes in rats with of kidney-Yang deficiency.

Effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on cerebral free radical reactions following acute brain injury in rabbits

Objective: To investigate the early effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on cerebral free radical reactions after acute brain injury in rabbits. Methods: 30 healthy white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: Group A (n=10), Group B (n=12) and Group C (n=8). The rabbits in Group A and Group B were injured by direct hit. At 0.5-4 hours after injury, the rabbits in Group A were injected with TRH ( 8 mg/kg body weight) through a vein and the rabbits in Group B were injected with normal saline of equal volume. The rabbits in Group C served as the normal control. Then all the rabbits were killed and brain tissues were obtained. The content of lipoperoxide (LPO), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the water content of the brain tissues were measured. Results: The contents of LPO and water in brain tissues in Group A were lower and the activity of SOD was higher than those of Group B (P< 0.05). After injury, intracranial pressure (ICP) rose rapidly and continuously with time passing by. When TRH was given to the animals in Group A, the rising speed of ICP slowed down significantly. Conclusions: TRH can decrease the cerebral free radical reactions and cerebral edema after acute brain injury in rats.

Protirelin(thyrotropin-releasing hormone)in thyroid gland:possible involvement in regulation of thyroid status

AIM:To establish the presence of the hypothalamic hormone protirelin(thyrotropin-releasing hormone,TRH)in human thyroid and to investigate whether the concentration of this peptide in the thyroid gland is sensitive to thyroid status.METHODS:A procedure has been developed for the determination of TRH in the thyroid gland,distinct from TRH-like peptides which also react with TRH-antibody.RESULTS:Human thyroid was shown to contain both authentic TRH and TRH-like peptides,a similar pattern was seen in a range of animal thyroids.The concentrations of TRH in non-active goiter thyroids were substantial(41.6-248 pmol·g-1);in contrast the thyroids from hyperthyroid patients contained very little TRH(0.01-2.52 pmol·g-1).CONCLUSION:The physiologic role of TRH in the thyroid is not known but the large difference between the concentrations of this hormone in non-active and hyperactive thyroids suggests that thyroidal TRH may be involved in the regulation of thyroid status.