The diagnosis of Chronic Pancreatitis （CP） is based on the detection of abnormal structure or function of the diseased pancreas. The pancreatic function tests more accurately determine the presence of CP than tests ...The diagnosis of Chronic Pancreatitis （CP） is based on the detection of abnormal structure or function of the diseased pancreas. The pancreatic function tests more accurately determine the presence of CP than tests of structure, especially for early stage disease. The function tests can be divided into two categories： non- invasive and invasive. The invasive ＂tube＂ tests can reliably detect mild, early CP, but are only available at a few referral centers and tend to be poorly tolerated by patients. The non-invasive tests are easy to obtain, but tend to perform poorly in patients with early, mild disease. Therefore, no one test is useful in all clinical situations, and a detailed understanding of the rational, pathophysiologic basis, strengths, and limitations of various tests is needed. This review highlights the role of various pancreatic function tests in the diagnosis of CP including fecal fat analysis, fecal elastase, fecal chymotrypsin, serum trypsin, the secretin stimulation test, the cholecystokinin （CCK） stimulation test, the combined secretin-CCK stimulation test, the intraductal and endoscopic secretin stimulation tests, and the functional magnetic resonance imaging of the pancreas after secretin stimulation.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects of gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) and their specific antagonists on the growth of pancreatic and biliary tract cancer cell lines. METHODS: Five pancreatic and 6 biliary cancer cell l...AIM: To investigate the effects of gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) and their specific antagonists on the growth of pancreatic and biliary tract cancer cell lines. METHODS: Five pancreatic and 6 biliary cancer cell lines with 2 conrtol cells were used in this study. Cell proliferation study was done using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test and direct cell count method. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and slot blot hybridization were performed to examine and quantify the expression of hormonal receptors in these cell lines. RESULTS: SNU-308 showed a growth stimulating effect by gastrin-17, as did SNU-478 by both gastrin-17 and CCK-8. The trophic effect of these two hormones was completely blocked by specific antagonists (L-365, 260 for gastrin and L-364, 718 for CCK). Other cell lines did not respond to gastrin or CCK. In RT-PCR, the presence of CCK-A receptor and CCK-B/gastrin receptor mRNA was detected in all biliary and pancreatic cancer cell lines. In slot blot hybridization, compared to the cell lines which did not respond to hormones, those that responded to hormones showed high expression of receptor mRNA. CONCLUSION: Gastrin and CCK exert a trophic action on some of the biliary tract cancers.展开更多
AIM： To explore the effect of gastrin 17 （G17） on β-catenin/T cell factor-4 （Tcf-4） signaling in colonic cancer cell line Colo320WT. METHODS： The pCR3.1/GR plasmid, which expresses gastrin receptor, cholecystok...AIM： To explore the effect of gastrin 17 （G17） on β-catenin/T cell factor-4 （Tcf-4） signaling in colonic cancer cell line Colo320WT. METHODS： The pCR3.1/GR plasmid, which expresses gastrin receptor, cholecystokinin-2 receptor （CCK-2R）, was transfected into a colonic cancer cell line Colo320 by Lipofectamine ^TM 2000 and the stably expressing CCK-2R clones were screened by G418. The expression levels of gastrin receptor in the Colo320 and the transfected Colo320WT cell line were assayed by RTPCR. Colo320WT cells were treated with G17 in a time-dependent manner （0, 1, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h）, then with L365,260 （Gastrin17 receptor blocker） for 30 rain, and with G17 again for 12 h or L365,260 for 12 h. Expression levels of β-catenin in a TX-100 soluble fraction and TX-100 insoluble fraction of Colo320WT cells treated with G17 were detected by co-immuniprecipation and Western blot. Immunocytochemistry was used to examine the distribution of β-catenin in CoLoWT320 cells. Expression levels of c-myc and cyclin D1 in Colo320WT cells treated with G17 were assayed by Western blot. RESULTS： Expression levels of β-catenin in the TX-100 solution fraction decreased apparently in a time- dependent fashion and reached the highest level after G17 treatment for 12 h, while expression levels of β-catenin in the TX-100 insoluble fraction were just on the contrary. Immunocytochemistry showed that β-catenin was translocated from the cell membranes into the cytoplasm and nucleus under G17 treatment. Expression levels of c-myc and cyclin D1 in the G17- treated Colo320WT cells were markedly higher compared to the untreated Colo320WT cells. In addition, the aforementioned G17-stimulated responses were blocked by L365,260.CONCLUSION： Gastrin17 activates β-catenin/Tcf-4 signaling in Colo320WT cells, thereby leading to over- expression of c-myc and cyclin D1.展开更多
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials（RCTs） to determine the effectiveness and safety of incretin-based therapies（IBTs） for the treatment of type 2 diabetes（T2DM） wit...We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials（RCTs） to determine the effectiveness and safety of incretin-based therapies（IBTs） for the treatment of type 2 diabetes（T2DM） with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD）. Electronic databases such as the Cochrane library, EMbase, Pub Med, and three Chinese databases were searched for RCTs that compared IBTs with other treatments or placebo for T2 DM with NAFLD. Two reviewers independently assessed the risk of bias, extracted, and analyzed the data. A meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.2. Publication bias was evaluated. Seven RCTs involving 532 patients were ultimately included. The results of meta-analysis（random-effects model） revealed that IBTs had a significant reduction in serum ALT（WMD –12.30, 95% CI –17.53~–7.06） and BMI（WMD –2.64, 95% CI –4.35~–0.94）. However, there was no significant difference in other outcomes including Hb A1 c, AST, TC, TG and HOMA-RA. IBTs were well tolerated by patients but the evidence was limited. The significant decrease in hepatic biochemical markers following treatment with IBTs, as well as improvements in BMI, suggested that IBTs may be an effective option for T2 DM with NAFLD.展开更多
文摘The diagnosis of Chronic Pancreatitis （CP） is based on the detection of abnormal structure or function of the diseased pancreas. The pancreatic function tests more accurately determine the presence of CP than tests of structure, especially for early stage disease. The function tests can be divided into two categories： non- invasive and invasive. The invasive ＂tube＂ tests can reliably detect mild, early CP, but are only available at a few referral centers and tend to be poorly tolerated by patients. The non-invasive tests are easy to obtain, but tend to perform poorly in patients with early, mild disease. Therefore, no one test is useful in all clinical situations, and a detailed understanding of the rational, pathophysiologic basis, strengths, and limitations of various tests is needed. This review highlights the role of various pancreatic function tests in the diagnosis of CP including fecal fat analysis, fecal elastase, fecal chymotrypsin, serum trypsin, the secretin stimulation test, the cholecystokinin （CCK） stimulation test, the combined secretin-CCK stimulation test, the intraductal and endoscopic secretin stimulation tests, and the functional magnetic resonance imaging of the pancreas after secretin stimulation.
基金Supported by a grant from Seoul National University Research Fund (03-99-080 and 082)
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) and their specific antagonists on the growth of pancreatic and biliary tract cancer cell lines. METHODS: Five pancreatic and 6 biliary cancer cell lines with 2 conrtol cells were used in this study. Cell proliferation study was done using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test and direct cell count method. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and slot blot hybridization were performed to examine and quantify the expression of hormonal receptors in these cell lines. RESULTS: SNU-308 showed a growth stimulating effect by gastrin-17, as did SNU-478 by both gastrin-17 and CCK-8. The trophic effect of these two hormones was completely blocked by specific antagonists (L-365, 260 for gastrin and L-364, 718 for CCK). Other cell lines did not respond to gastrin or CCK. In RT-PCR, the presence of CCK-A receptor and CCK-B/gastrin receptor mRNA was detected in all biliary and pancreatic cancer cell lines. In slot blot hybridization, compared to the cell lines which did not respond to hormones, those that responded to hormones showed high expression of receptor mRNA. CONCLUSION: Gastrin and CCK exert a trophic action on some of the biliary tract cancers.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30470782
文摘AIM： To explore the effect of gastrin 17 （G17） on β-catenin/T cell factor-4 （Tcf-4） signaling in colonic cancer cell line Colo320WT. METHODS： The pCR3.1/GR plasmid, which expresses gastrin receptor, cholecystokinin-2 receptor （CCK-2R）, was transfected into a colonic cancer cell line Colo320 by Lipofectamine ^TM 2000 and the stably expressing CCK-2R clones were screened by G418. The expression levels of gastrin receptor in the Colo320 and the transfected Colo320WT cell line were assayed by RTPCR. Colo320WT cells were treated with G17 in a time-dependent manner （0, 1, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h）, then with L365,260 （Gastrin17 receptor blocker） for 30 rain, and with G17 again for 12 h or L365,260 for 12 h. Expression levels of β-catenin in a TX-100 soluble fraction and TX-100 insoluble fraction of Colo320WT cells treated with G17 were detected by co-immuniprecipation and Western blot. Immunocytochemistry was used to examine the distribution of β-catenin in CoLoWT320 cells. Expression levels of c-myc and cyclin D1 in Colo320WT cells treated with G17 were assayed by Western blot. RESULTS： Expression levels of β-catenin in the TX-100 solution fraction decreased apparently in a time- dependent fashion and reached the highest level after G17 treatment for 12 h, while expression levels of β-catenin in the TX-100 insoluble fraction were just on the contrary. Immunocytochemistry showed that β-catenin was translocated from the cell membranes into the cytoplasm and nucleus under G17 treatment. Expression levels of c-myc and cyclin D1 in the G17- treated Colo320WT cells were markedly higher compared to the untreated Colo320WT cells. In addition, the aforementioned G17-stimulated responses were blocked by L365,260.CONCLUSION： Gastrin17 activates β-catenin/Tcf-4 signaling in Colo320WT cells, thereby leading to over- expression of c-myc and cyclin D1.
文摘We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials（RCTs） to determine the effectiveness and safety of incretin-based therapies（IBTs） for the treatment of type 2 diabetes（T2DM） with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD）. Electronic databases such as the Cochrane library, EMbase, Pub Med, and three Chinese databases were searched for RCTs that compared IBTs with other treatments or placebo for T2 DM with NAFLD. Two reviewers independently assessed the risk of bias, extracted, and analyzed the data. A meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.2. Publication bias was evaluated. Seven RCTs involving 532 patients were ultimately included. The results of meta-analysis（random-effects model） revealed that IBTs had a significant reduction in serum ALT（WMD –12.30, 95% CI –17.53~–7.06） and BMI（WMD –2.64, 95% CI –4.35~–0.94）. However, there was no significant difference in other outcomes including Hb A1 c, AST, TC, TG and HOMA-RA. IBTs were well tolerated by patients but the evidence was limited. The significant decrease in hepatic biochemical markers following treatment with IBTs, as well as improvements in BMI, suggested that IBTs may be an effective option for T2 DM with NAFLD.
