Axillary presentation from occult breast cancer is uncommon and continues to be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to physicians. Once the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma metastatic to an axillary lymph node has been ...Axillary presentation from occult breast cancer is uncommon and continues to be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to physicians. Once the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma metastatic to an axillary lymph node has been confi rmed, a preoperative workup should be done. The current experience is based on several relatively small retrospective reviews and case reports. It is diffi cult to determine the best management of occult breast cancer. However, treatment of axillary lymph node dissection is recommended for local control and complete staging information. Treatment of breast should be a choice between breast conservation with whole-breast radiotherapy and mastectomy. Adjuvant systemic treatment should be offered.展开更多
Objectives.To understand and grasp the diagnosis and treatment of chylothorax caused by various reasons. Method.The treatment results of 31 cases of chylothorax in PUMC hospital from 1963...Objectives.To understand and grasp the diagnosis and treatment of chylothorax caused by various reasons. Method.The treatment results of 31 cases of chylothorax in PUMC hospital from 1963～1997 were retrospectively analyzed. Results.Among 31 cases, 18 underwent surgery, 14 of 18 were cured, 2 died. In the 13 treated conservatively, 2 were cured, 3 died. Eleven cases were congenital, iatrogenic and traumatic chylothorax, 8 of them received surgical treatment and 6 of 8 were cured. The spontaneous chylothorax of unknown cause were 10 cases, 7 were treated by surgery and 6 were cured. Conclusion.Surgical intervention should be aggressively recommended for the traumatic, congenital, and iatrogenic chylothorax. The definite reason must be found out for the spontaneous chylothorax, corresponding management will be given according to the reason. Surgical ligation of the thoracic duct will contribute good result for the chylothorax of unknown cause, but combination of multiple treatment measures will be necessary for a successful management.d treatment of chylothorax caused by various reasons. [WT5”BX] Method.The treatment results of 31 cases of chylothorax in PUMC hospital from 1963～1997 were retrospectively analyzed. [WT5”BX] Results.Among 31 cases, 18 underwent surgery, 14 of 18 were cured, 2 died. In the 13 treated conservatively, 2 were cured, 3 died. Eleven cases were congenital, iatrogenic and traumatic chylothorax, 8 of them received surgical treatment and 6 of 8 were cured. The spontaneous chylothorax of unknown cause were 10 cases, 7 were treated by surgery and 6 were cured. [WT5”BX] Conclusion.Surgical intervention should be aggressively recommended for the traumatic, congenital, and iatrogenic chylothorax. The definite reason must be found out for the spontaneous chylothorax, corresponding management will be given according to the reason. Surgical ligation of the thoracic duct will contribute good result for the chylothorax of unknown cause, but combination of multiple treatment measures will be necessary for a successful management.展开更多
文摘Axillary presentation from occult breast cancer is uncommon and continues to be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to physicians. Once the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma metastatic to an axillary lymph node has been confi rmed, a preoperative workup should be done. The current experience is based on several relatively small retrospective reviews and case reports. It is diffi cult to determine the best management of occult breast cancer. However, treatment of axillary lymph node dissection is recommended for local control and complete staging information. Treatment of breast should be a choice between breast conservation with whole-breast radiotherapy and mastectomy. Adjuvant systemic treatment should be offered.
文摘Objectives.To understand and grasp the diagnosis and treatment of chylothorax caused by various reasons. Method.The treatment results of 31 cases of chylothorax in PUMC hospital from 1963～1997 were retrospectively analyzed. Results.Among 31 cases, 18 underwent surgery, 14 of 18 were cured, 2 died. In the 13 treated conservatively, 2 were cured, 3 died. Eleven cases were congenital, iatrogenic and traumatic chylothorax, 8 of them received surgical treatment and 6 of 8 were cured. The spontaneous chylothorax of unknown cause were 10 cases, 7 were treated by surgery and 6 were cured. Conclusion.Surgical intervention should be aggressively recommended for the traumatic, congenital, and iatrogenic chylothorax. The definite reason must be found out for the spontaneous chylothorax, corresponding management will be given according to the reason. Surgical ligation of the thoracic duct will contribute good result for the chylothorax of unknown cause, but combination of multiple treatment measures will be necessary for a successful management.d treatment of chylothorax caused by various reasons. [WT5”BX] Method.The treatment results of 31 cases of chylothorax in PUMC hospital from 1963～1997 were retrospectively analyzed. [WT5”BX] Results.Among 31 cases, 18 underwent surgery, 14 of 18 were cured, 2 died. In the 13 treated conservatively, 2 were cured, 3 died. Eleven cases were congenital, iatrogenic and traumatic chylothorax, 8 of them received surgical treatment and 6 of 8 were cured. The spontaneous chylothorax of unknown cause were 10 cases, 7 were treated by surgery and 6 were cured. [WT5”BX] Conclusion.Surgical intervention should be aggressively recommended for the traumatic, congenital, and iatrogenic chylothorax. The definite reason must be found out for the spontaneous chylothorax, corresponding management will be given according to the reason. Surgical ligation of the thoracic duct will contribute good result for the chylothorax of unknown cause, but combination of multiple treatment measures will be necessary for a successful management.
