财产保全责任险引发财产保全滥用的风险及其应对

近年来财产保全责任险的广泛应用,对于解决“保全难”问题发挥了重要的作用。财产保全责任险是责任保险的一种具体类型,其显著降低财产保全申请人提供担保负担的同时也在弱化财产保全担保功能,由此引发财产保全滥用的风险。诉责险应用过程中实际发生的道德风险与逆向选择、实质降低财产保全审查标准、保全申请人获益、保全错误认定标准的模糊性与时间滞后性导致财产保全滥用风险的增加。应当从保险机制与司法机制两个维度进行改进,以应对诉责险作用下财产保全滥用的风险。

财产保全的疏明责任——引导财产保全的诉讼程序属性回归

民事诉讼财产保全是特别诉讼程序,诉讼程序属性是其第一属性。但在司法实践中却发生了财产保全的程序属性逃逸,司法面对无请求权基础的保全申请和没有必要的保全无力回应,不合理的财产保全申请占用了紧缺的司法资源,更损害了被申请人的权利。造成问题的主要原因在于普遍存在的民事诉讼的纠纷解决目的论,对程序公正的忽视,和司法责任的倒逼。将程序性事项审理的疏明标准引入财产保全程序,由法官根据申请人疏明责任的履行情况决定担保类型、金额,通过担保的弥偿和粘合作用,在增强财产保全程序的程序公正性的同时并不减损财产保全的时代功能。

In vitro and in vivo models of acute alcohol exposure

Alcohol abuse is a global problem due to the financial burden on society and the healthcare system. While the harmful health effects of chronic alcohol abuse are well established, more recent data suggest that acute alcohol consumption also affects human wellbeing. Thus, there is a need for research models in order to fully understand the effect of acute alcohol abuse on different body systems and organs. The present manuscript summarizes the interdisciplinary advantages and disadvantages of currently available human and non-human models of acute alcohol abuse, and identifi es their suitability for biomedical research.