考虑预防性维护的二维基础质保策略与价格联合优化

目前大多数研究在进行二维质保期和价格的联合优化时,往往将预防性维护策略作为已知方案进行考虑,忽略了对质保期内预防性维护策略的联合设计。针对该问题,从制造商的视角,对二维基础质保期、预防性维护策略和产品价格进行联合设计与优化。考虑不同使用率顾客在二维质保结束时间和使用量上的差异性,构建基于二维质保期的需求模型和考虑周期预防性维护的质保成本模型。以制造商的期望利润最大化为目标,对基础质保时间和使用量限制、预防性维护次数和水平,以及产品价格进行优化。最后,通过算例和敏感性分析验证了模型方法的有效性。该研究能够为制造商开展二维质保政策联合设计与优化提供理论和实践指导建议。

汽车产品二维基础质保政策扩展研究

在国家法律规定的汽车质保政策基础上,制造商可以为消费者提供更加有利的质保政策,从而刺激产品的销售量.研究了汽车产品市场需求受到二维质保期范围影响的前提下,汽车产品二维质保政策的最优扩展问题.文章基于对质保成本与质保期收入的分析,构建了二维基础质保扩展模型,探讨了两种不同目标下的扩展方式,即以质保期最大化为目标和以利润最大化为目标.制造商在当前的产品可靠性与市场条件下,通过扩展模型制定出最优的二维基础质保扩展政策.

汽车产品二维基础质保策略设计研究

当前对汽车质保策略的研究多基于制造商角度,忽略了消费者的质保效用,且多数研究仅对汽车的质保期或维修策略进行优化,未将质保期、产品价格及预防性维修(Preventive Maintenance, PM)策略进行联合优化。文中针对以上不足,考虑制造商和消费者双方利益,提出了基于sigmoid函数的消费者质保效用模型,建立制造商利润最大化和消费者质保效用最大化的多目标函数,对汽车二维基础质保期、产品价格和PM策略进行联合优化研究,为制造商制订汽车质保策略提供参考。最后以某型号汽车制造商为算例,对主要参数进行灵敏度解析。结论显示,与该汽车制造商的原策略相比,所提出的联合优化策略可使制造商利润提高5%,消费者质保效用提高15倍,验证了所提方法的有效性。

基于“精华与糟粕分解”理论的幽门结扎性肝损伤病因及连翘-4保肝作用物质基础研究

目的:研究含药血清对LO2肝细胞的影响,探索幽门结扎性肝损伤的病因及连翘-4保肝作用物质基础。方法:通过动物实验制备幽门结扎性肝损伤大鼠门静脉血清和含连翘-4血清。采用体外培养LO2肝细胞实验,观察幽门结扎性肝损伤大鼠门静脉血清及含药血清(连翘-4)对肝细胞的影响。结果:与正常组比较,模型组门静脉血清LO2肝细胞上清液AST、ALT水平明显上升(P<0.01),并在镜下观察发现,正常组细胞生长状态良好,大小均匀,边界清楚;模型组细胞数量明显减少,细胞明显融合。模型组门静脉血清与连翘-4含药血清比较,细胞上清液AST、ALT与镜下观察均未发现明显变化。结论:该研究初步判断为幽门结扎致肝损伤的病理过程,有可能是因胃内“精华与糟粕分解”紊乱,致受影响的食物精华通过门静脉输送至肝脏,从而导致肝功能异常。但由于实验方法与测量误差等方面的原因,从连翘-4腹主动脉血清内未发现保肝作用的有效物质基础,因此对该方药保护幽门结扎性肝损伤有效物质基础还需进一步研究。

富阳竹纸制作技艺的传承与保护

富阳竹纸制作始于唐五代时期,迄今已有一千多年的历史。历史上,富阳竹纸名品竞出,以其纸质柔软、卷舒虽久而墨终不渝、不为虫蛀的特点,行销国内并出口日、韩、新加坡、菲律宾等地。2006年富阳竹纸制作技艺因其珍贵、濒危且具有历史、文化、经济价值,被确定为国家级首批非物质文化遗产保护项目。随着全球化、现代化、市场化进程的加快,从上世纪90年代开始,富阳传统造纸的困境日益显现,传统竹纸制作技艺传承日趋濒危。

做好培养方案修订 助力学校健康发展

培养方案是一所大学组织教学和进行教学管理的主要依据,是学校对教育教学质量进行监控和评价的基础性文件,也是实现学校目标的重要依托和环节,本文从培养方案修订的几个原则出发,探讨了我校培养方案修订的思路,希望借此完善学校培养方案,助力学校健康、快速发展。

两级供应链中延保服务与基础质保服务交互策略

延保服务已成为商家获取高额利润的重要手段。本文以一个制造商和一个零售商组成的两级供应链为对象,分别在单主体（制造商或零售商）和两主体同时提供延保（偏向于制造商或零售商延保）情形下,研究最优延保定价、产品定价及延保与基础质保交互的决策。结果表明：维修成本直接影响延保的提供方式。仅制造商或零售商提供延保时,延保期限对基础质保期限有明显促进或抑制作用,且制造商提供延保有利于制造商和零售商。两者同时提供延保时,延保竞争促使其价格降低,且消费者偏向于某主体时,其延保价格相对高于另一方;基础质保与延保的交互关系取决于竞争程度。当消费者偏向制造商延保时,供应链各方所获取的利润较为稳健,相对高于单一主体提供延保情形时的利润。

考虑提供基础质保服务的供应链再制造定价策略研究

再制造产品对新产品需求存在互补与挤兑现象,商家为再制造产品提供基础质保服务刺激其需求的同时,也会使得新产品销量受阻.以一个制造商和一个零售商组成的两级供应链为对象,分别探讨制造商提供再制造与零售商提供再制造两种模式下的定价决策问题.研究结果表明:1)当再制造产品质量水平过低时,由于出售再制造产品需要承担高额的维修成本,因此为避免降低供应链总体收益不应该引入再制造策略;2)再制造产品故障率越高,为了对抗售后维修成本,商家制定的新产品与再制造产品间的均衡售价差异反而会越小;3)当再制造产品质量水平较低时,制造商(零售商)总能在另一方采用再制造策略的情形下受益.

Cycle-based protection for survivable WDM networks design

A new integer linear program （ILP） formulation was developed to solve the problem of shared cycles design for optical networks with and without wavelength conversion. Numerical studies show that the shared cycles design requires much lower redundancy compared with p-cycle design when the maximum number of spans allowed in the cycles is relatively small, but the difference in the redundancy between the two designs becomes smaller or disappears as the maximum number of spans allowed in the cycles increases.

Community-Based Health Insurance： An Evolutionary Approach to Achieving Universal Coverage in Low-Income Countries

The WHO World Health Assembly, and the most recent WHO World Health Report, have called for all health systems to move toward universal coverage. However, low-income countries have made little progress in this respect. We use existing evidence to describe the evolution of community-based health insurance in low-income countries through the three stages of basic model, enhanced model, and nationwide model. We have concluded that community-based health insurance development is a potential strategy to meet the urgent need for health financing in low-income countries. With careful planning and implementation, it is possible to adopt such evolutionary approach to achieve universal coverage by extending tax-based financing/social insurance characteristics to community-based health insurance schemes.

Study on the network delay of periodic information in the NCS based on EPA

The network delay of the periodic messages transmission in the network control system （NCS） based on Ethemet for plant automation （EPA） is analyzed from the theoretical and experimental perspective in this paper. The composition and the characteristics of the network delay of EPA periodic messages transmission in a subnet is studied through analyzing the information transmission regularity and EPA deterministic scheduling mechanism. On this basis, the queuing delay at communication schedule management entity （EPA _ CSME） that is the most important component of network delay is analyzed, during which the formulas for the queuing delay of periodic messages and other real time parameters are proposed. Furthermore, an experiment is developed to test each component of network delay of periodic messages transmission in a EPA subnet. According to the experimental and the theoretical analysis, the conclusion is drawn that the delay during which the periodic messages wait for the periodic messages transmission time slice is the main factor that causes considerable network delay, and improvement method is presented.

Dynamics and circuit implementation of three simplified chaotic systems

To improve the performance of chaotic secure communication,three simplified chaotic systems with one variable parameter were investigated.Basic properties were analyzed including symmetry,dissipation and topological structure.Complex dynamical behaviors of the systems including chaos and periodic orbits were verified by numerical simulations,Lyapunov exponents and bifurcation diagrams.Interestingly,the three systems were integrated in a common circuit,and their dynamical behaviors were easily observed by adjusting regulable resistors R28,R14 and R17,respectively,and the relations between the variable resistor and the system parameter were deduced.The circuit experiment results agree well with the simulation results.Finally,a secure communication scheme based on chaos shift keying(CSK) was presented,which lays an experiment foundation for chaotic digital secure communication.

Investigation on the Rare and Endangered Plants in the Fenhe Source

Fouty-eight species of rare and endanged plants in the Fenhe Source,belong to 21 families 37 genera.There were 1specie of national second-class protected plant and 3 species of national third-class plants;4 species of first-class protected plants,6 species of second-class protected plants and 14 species of third-class protected plants in Shanxi Province.On the basis of analyzing the endanged reasons,related protection countemeasures were put forward in this article.

Study of front bumper process on the basis of hot stamping

The fitting method is used for obtaining the constitutive relation of ultra-high strength steel in this paper. At the same time, the forming limit of material is researched under different de/brmation conditions. Through experiments, the paper obtains stress-strain curve under different deformation temperatures and strain rates. On the basis of experimental data, the constitutive relation model is established which can reflect the de- fomlation capacity of ultra-high strength steel during process of hot stamping. Combining with finite element simulation results of hot stamping by the commercial software AUTOFORM, transfer path of load and matching law of strength, the paper determines the design criteria and forming process requirements of parts manufactured by hot stamping. Through setting different process parameters, such as punch velocity and friction coefficient, and blank shape, the paper finds that process parameters and blank shape have an essential effect on the quality of parts.

Railway Accident Prevention and Infrastructure Protection

Railway accident prevention and protection are a key part of a wider picture of transport safety. The rail sector thus needs to improve its knowledge of trespassing and suicide, including at level crossing, in order to work out suitable responses by analyzing measures already taken in various countries, Governments, the rail industry and road organizations have been implementing a variety of countermeasures for many years to improve railway safety. These actions are substantial and have resulted in a continuing decrease in the number and the severity of accidents. This paper presents existing suitable techniques that are used in the preventative measures targeted to reduce railway suicides, trespassing and level crossing user accidents. It describes them in terms of their capability to effectively reduce accidents, their cost-effectiveness and their integration within the railway transport system as a whole.

Building an Ecological Civilization in China： Towards a Practice Based Learning Approach

The adoption by the 18th Congress of the Communist Party of China in November 2012 of a policy on ecological civilization is a landmark event for the nation and the world community. China＇s vision for building an ecological civilization is comprehensive, multi-sectoral and systemic and is intended to direct and balance progress among ecological, economic, social, cultural and political dimensions of change. Some on-going efforts and potential future activities that meet China＇s vision of an ecological civilization are described. Establishment of dedicated ecological civilization areas for experimenting with legal, regulatory and administrative incentives that would facilitate the march towards the ideal is encouraged. Chinese biosphere reserves which are designated with the explicit aim of building harmony between humans and nature would be suitable candidates for designing and developing such dedicated ecological civilization areas.

Reflexivity between the Modern Society Concepts of Equality and Plurality： Their Transformation according to Arendt

In her book, The Human Condition, Hannah Arendt states： ＂we are all the same, that is, human, in such a way that nobody is ever the same as anybody else＂ （1998, 8）. In this statement, we are the same （equality） and yet nobody is ever the same as anybody else （plurality）. This may sound contradictory yet what it means is that there is a common base which makes us all the same, and precisely because of this base, we are able to make comparisons and hence differentiate one from the other because we are all different. When analyzing two concepts, an equal status in at least one normatively relevant respect is needed. Where there is one, there is the other precisely because of the other and vice versa. The fact that it is only at least one respect that is needed implies the existence of other aspects that act as common distinguishing factors. Therefore, distinction implies equality. The paper will explore how according to Arendt, equality, a political concept, has been perverted into a social concept. In her view, previously, differing circumstances and conditions served as ＂protection＂ and actually had a protective role. An explanation will thus be given as to how a lack of these differences in the modem period has resulted in a challenge and how this challenge has created unexpected problems for the human condition. This implies reflexivity between political theory and the human agent, and will be presented from Arendt＇s perspective.

幼儿园基础保教工作——生活活动

幼儿园的半日活动是教师根据自己的教育意识与理念通过教育行为,全方位影响教育幼儿的过程,是教师充分表现专业理念与师德、专业知识和专业能力的过程。高质量的半日活动的组织会有效促进幼儿的发展。从半日活动中就可以看出一个幼儿园基础保教工作的水平。高质量的半日活动会促进每个幼儿的发展,而生活活动又是半日活动中的重要组成部分。

Protection and utilization of tropical crop germplasm resources

The work of world crop germplasm resources are increasingly emerging the developing trend of globalization in collection scope, systematization in resources management, modernization in existing equipments, standardization in technical specification and informationization in shared service. This paper gives you an introduction on current situation of distribution of tropical crop germplasm resources, in-situ conservation, collection and preservation, evaluation and appraisal and innovation and utilization in china; analysis on existing key problems in protection and utilization of China＇s tropical crop germplasm resources; proposal of complementary study and collection and construction of geographical information base; reasonably layout of plantation and upgrade and preservation of equipments; development and research of related technical standards and carry-out of system evaluation and appraisal; improvement of share mechanism and efficiency; innovation and breakthrough in key points; and talents training and maintenance of work continuance, etc. Basing on these, the proposal of protection and utilization of China＇s tropical crop germplasm resources are further strengthened.

Additional Overloading Assessment for Future Low Voltage Networks Based on Smart Metering

The purpose of this article is to present an additional overloading assessment scheme to the current protection scheme, which can be applied in the low voltage distribution network to prevent overloading of network assets. As higher penetration of distributed generators is envisioned among distribution networks, the network operators will have an challenging task in the future to maintain the reliability and quality of supply. The distribution networks are going to be challenged simultaneously by increasing penetration of distributed generators and by increasing loading （inter alia heat pumps, air conditioners or electric vehicles）, which will change the operational perspective of the future distribution networks. Presented simulation results show that the increasing penetration of those appliances can jeopardize the functionality of current protection scheme in distribution networks. Therefore, an additional scheme for assessment of network overloading applicable at low voltage distribution networks is proposed and the application of this scheme, supported by smart metering infrastructure, is demonstrated in a case study. The proposed overloading assessment scheme should help the network operators to increase the flexibility of distribution networks, their hosting capacity, safety and reliability.