《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录Ⅰ和附录Ⅱ修订

《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录Ⅰ和附录Ⅱ修订第十次成员国大会通过１９９７年６月９～２０日，津巴布韦哈拉雷国家濒危物种进出口管理办公室国家濒危物种科学委员会提供１．根据《公约》第十五条条文的规定，１９９７年６月９～２０日在津巴布韦哈拉雷举行的公约...

要加强沿海地区国防工程维护管理

沿海国防工程是海防的重要组成部分,是战时保存国防潜力,最终实现“打赢”的重要“基地”。因此,我们必须高度重视沿海地区国防工程的维护管理,使其保持应有的军事价值。新形势下,搞好沿海地区国防工程的维护管理,应注意如下几个问题。 一、搞好沿海地区国防工程维护管理。

美国国会图书馆—国家书库

国会图书馆是美国的奠基图书馆,是立法机关的谘询中心,它保存国家文化史料。 每年多达一百五十万人来到这里。在华盛顿国会山上它拥有两个大建筑物,主要建筑设立于一八九七年。该馆紧靠在国会大厦旁,它以一千一百英尺长的气压管道向国会大厦往返输送书籍。

打击恐怖主义、分裂主义和极端主义上海公约

哈萨克斯坦共和国、中华人民共和国、吉尔吉斯共和国、俄罗斯联邦、塔吉克斯坦共和国和乌兹别克斯坦共和国(以下简称“各方”), 遵循联合国宪章,特别是有关维护国际和平与安全和发展国家间友好关系与合作的宗旨和原则; 认识到恐怖主义。

Problems and Strategies for Arable Land Eco-conservation in China

Arable lands are so important to China concerning food security and ec- onomy development. And eco-problems are rising and food security risks are widespread. The research reviewed quantity and quality of domestic arable lands, analyzed existing problems and proposed countermeasures for reinforcing domestic arable land conservation.

Study on the creep permeability of mining-cracked N2 laterite as the key aquifuge for preserving water resources in Northwestern China

This research focused on the impact of mining on the permeability of key aquifuge （N2 laterite） that is widespread in the arid and semi-arid areas of northwestern China and is critical for preserving water resources. The impact of mining stress recovery on the permeability of cracked N2 laterite was assessed for parts of northwestern China that included the Jingle laterite and Baode laterite. The mineral compositions and swelling properties of the laterite at both locations were examined, and analytical results showed that the laterite contained abundant clay minerals. The Baode laterite exhibited higher expansibility than Jingle laterite. The triaxial creep permeability performance of laterite specimens with a prefabricated crack width of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.5 mm were tested. The results indicated that strain of cracked laterite all exhibited transient creep following each level of loading, and then unstable creep and stable creep. With the increase of loading, the transient creep deformation corresponding to each level of loading decreased, the unstable creep deformation produced by identical loading gradually and incrementally increased. The nonlinear power function equation was selected to fit creep grading curves which have high precision. The cracks within the laterite gradually closed with the stress recovery, and permeability gradually recovered. During the stress recovery, the narrower cracks exhibited a smaller change in permeability. However, for narrow cracks in mining soil, permeability recovered after mining stress when permeability was closer to initial permeability, and the Baode laterite showed greater recovery than that of the Jingle laterite.

Effects of Grassland Degradation and Re-vegetation on Carbon and Nitrogen Storage in the Soils of the Headwater Area Nature Reserve on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,China

Both overgrazing and climate change contribute to grassland degradation in the alpine regions of China and negatively affect soil carbon and nitrogen pools. We quantified changes in soil organic carbon （SOC） and total nitrogen （TN） in black soil beach （BSB）. We measured SOC and TN in severely degraded and non-degraded grasslands to calculate differences in carbon and nitrogen storage, and field survey results were extrapolated to the entire headwaters area of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau （36.3xlos krn~） to determine SOC and TN losses from these grasslands. We also evaluated changes in SOC and TN in severely degraded grasslands that were artificially re-vegetated five, seven and nine years ago. Totally 92.43 Tg C and 7.08 Tg N were lost from the BSB in the headwater area, which was approximately 50% of the original C and N soil pools. Re-vegetation of the degraded grasslands in the headwater area would result in a gain of 32.71 Tg C in the soil after five years, a loss of 5.5a Tg C after seven years and an increase of 44.15 Tg C after nine years. The TN increased by 53.09% and 59.98% after five and nine years, respectively, while it decreased by 4.92% after seven years of re-vegetation. The results indicate that C and N stocks followed a ＂V＂ shaped pattern with re- vegetation time. Understanding plant-soil interactions during succession of artificially planting grassland ecosystems is essential for developing scientifically sound management strategies for the effectively re-vegetated BSB.

Improved Prefix Based Format-Preserving Encryption for Chinese Names

In the era of big data, government, business and personal digital information will be possible for data mining. Data mining requires massive data as a support. However, the direct release of the original mass data, which usually contain some sensitive information of personal or analysis, will result in leakage of user privacy. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to protect privacy information in data publishing. In this paper, we focus on the multi-type self-identified format-preserving encryption. First, we introduce a multi-type self-identified format-preserving encryption system and discuss the encryption of various types of data in this system. Then, for the format preserving encryption(FPE) about Chinese name, we study from the encryption model construction and basic encryption scheme. The format-preserving encryption model about Chinese name is constructed and the concept of the name library is presented. Based on this, it is used to not only limit the message space to reduce complexity, but also ensure the cipher in accordance with the Chinese naming habits. In addition, according to the encryption and decryption model, format-preserving encryption process of Chinese name is designed. In order to add new names, the algorithm of name space expansion is proposed. Based on the Prefix, this paper put forward an algorithm named Cycle-Prefix, which enhances the security and dynamics of FPE by using two adjustment factors and the circular encryption. Compared with the traditional Prefix algorithm, experiments show that Cycle-Prefix can not only complete the task of FPE for Chinese name, but also encrypt same plain text into different ciphers under the premise of similar efficiency with Prefix.

国宝罹难记——抗战轶闻

北京故宫原是中华民族国宝的荟萃之地。明、清两代更是按尽天下宝物,藏存于此。辛亥革命后,清王朝完结,故宫成了国家保存国宝的博物院。 强盗闯进家园,国宝将何去何从?

Exceptionally preserved brachiopods from the Chengjiang Lagerst(a|¨)tte(Yunnan,China):Perspectives on the Cambrian explosion of metazoans

The Cambrian explosion was coined to describe the geologically sudden appearance of numerous bilaterian body plans(Phyla)around the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition,around 565-520million years ago.Many explanations and conjectures have been postulated in order to explain the pattern and duration of this explosive radiation of many different phyla of early metazoans.Here,we focus on the evolution of a phylum of marine suspension-feeding animals—the brachiopods,as exemplified by the exceptionally preserved taxa from the celebrated Chengjiang Konservat Lagerst(a|¨)tte(Yunnan,China).The abundant soft-bodied preservation at these fossil quarries gives us the only firm insights into what brachiopods looked like and how they functioned and lived when they first appeared on the Earth.Studies of Chengjiang brachiopods demonstrate that the early animals developed a remarkably varied organization of tissues and organs shortly after the onset of Cambrian explosion.In the marine suspension-feeding brachiopods,most importantly the tentaculate feeding structure of early brachiopods is already differentiated into two shapes of lophophore,anteriorly coiled(spiralled)and posteriorly arching tentacle crowns and the unique latter type was previously not documented from fossil and living brachiopods.Also unlike any known Recent brachiopod,all the known Cambrian brachiopods from Chengjiang have an open digestive tract that was disposed either as a Ushaped gut in linguliform and stem group brachiopods,or straight gut with a posterior anus in some calcareous-shelled stocks.Moreover,in contrast toliving lingulids,all the Cambrian brachiopods have an epibenthic lifestyle either cemented by a ventral valve or attached by variable pedicles to establish complex ecological community encompassing primary tierers and variable secondary tierers.It is therefore assumed that brachiopods were the first benthic metazoan that achieved their success in ecological stratification and tiering complexity by late Atdabanian.The setae are also important for the brachiopod suspension-feeding life style,and in the Chengjiang braehiopods they include two types cilia-like and spine-like setae.The mantle canals of different braehiopod species are also distinctly variable in arrangement,mainly disposed in pinnate,baeulate and peripheral conditions.Of these,the peripheral disposition of mantle canals is for the first time proposed here so as to differentiate from the bifurcate condition in recent lingulids in that the former is devoid of posteriorly extending main trunks of sinus,but possesses a diverging dorsal vascula media in dichotomy.

Fenxiang biota:a new Early Ordovician shallow-water fauna with soft-part preservation from China

Our perception of biodiversity in the geological past is incomplete and biased because most organisms did not have mineralized skeletons and therefore had little chance of fossilization. This especially refers to shallow- water marine environments, rarely represented by localities with exceptional preservation of fossil material （known as taphonomic windows or Konservat-Lagerstaitten）. Such extraordinary “windows” may markedly broaden our knowledge of biodiversity of the past. Here, we show a review of the invertebrate fossils from recently discovered locality in the Lower Ordovician Fenxiang Formation of Hubei Province in southern China revealing exceptional preservation of soft tissues. The fauna, generally of shal- low-water aspect, contains linguloid brachiopods with a remarkably preserved pedicle, the oldest traces of nema- tode life activities, the oldest reliable record of hydroids, the first fossil antipatharian corals, a pyritized colonial organism of unknown affinity, supposed arthropod ap- pendages, probable phosphatized scalidophoran worm embryo and other fossils. Our discovery supports the opinion that the famous soft-bodied preservation of Bur- gess Shale- or Chengjiang-type did not vanish from the fossil record in post-Cambrian times. The new finding represents a prelude to the Great Ordovician Biodiversifi- cation Event and provides evidence for calibration of molecular clock of several invertebrate lineages.

Human Rights Protection and Economic Development in China： Right to Subsistence-based Development and its Future

Historically, economic development and human fights go hand in hand. On the one hand, the protection of human rights is the purpose of economic development, i.e., promoting economic and social rights through economic development, and then creating conditions for the realization of civil and political fights. On the other hand, the protection of human rights is a means to economic development, and only through the protection of human fights, can sustained and healthy economic development be realized. The economic development model of China since 1978, for quite a long period of time, is suitable for subsistence-based development. However, it also has created risks of economic failure and political legitimacy crises. So it is necessary to adopt a scientific development model which values human rights.

Revision of Cyprinus maomingensis Liu 1957 and the first discovery of Procypris-hke cyprinid(Teleostei, Pisces) from the late Eocene of South China

Fossil cyprinids from the upper part of the upper Eocene Youganwo Formation of Maoming, Guangdong, China were first studied in 1957 by Liu, who referred the only specimen to the genus Cyprinus as a new species, C. maomingensis. And this was suggested as one of the earliest records for fossil cyprinids. Unfortunately, this specimen is poorly preserved and reveals no more morphological information than its serrated last unbranched dorsal and anal fin rays. Recently, some new specimens were unearthed from the same locality, where C. maomingensis was discovered. In addition to the serrated dorsal and anal fin rays, these new materials also show that the pattern and shape of their pharyngeal teeth obviously differ from that of Cyprinus but resemble that of Procypris. However, its number of the branched dorsal fin rays and number of vertebrae are much less than that in Procypris. Morphologically, these specimens are closer to Procypris than to Cyprinus. This is the first report of fossil Procypris-like fish, and it implies that Procypris-like fish is an early member of the Tribe Cyprinini sensu stricto(sensu Yang et al., 2010) and the origin of this group can be traced back at least to the late Eocene.