论保巴解《易》思想理路

保巴作为元代易学家代表之一,在认同程朱易学前提下,以"照着讲"兼"接着讲"的形式,对《周易》经传所内蕴的符号、意义世界进行了一定诠释。通过研究发现,在这种创造性不足的形式下,其易学还有着"自己讲"的创造性诠释的内容,他的以"心"为根基解读圣人作《易》、四圣《易》道与《易》之符号、意义世界的思想,充分体现了圣人的洁静精微之心在建构《周易》符号、意义世界中的作用,以及《周易》符号、意义世界洗心、养心的重要功能。按照其"以心会心"的思想,我们只有能够契会圣人之心,才能更好地理会《周易》符号、意义世界;也只有理会《周易》符号、意义世界,才能更好地契会圣人之心。

保巴的哲学思想与元代理学的发展

保巴是元代理学正传以外有影响的蒙古族哲学家、思想家,其天道观、心性论直承两宋,又有所发挥,为理学的传播和复兴,做出了一定的贡献。从保巴的哲学视角出发,我们可以透视到:元代理学为了适应其自身社会环境和历史条件的发展,为理学的进一步发展注入了新的活力,在中国理学发展史上有着重要的地位。

新县乡政府抓保险促计生

最近,新县乡政府采取强有力措施,落实两女结扎夫妇养老保险,促进计生任务保质保量完成。具体做法:一是由乡政府发文通知各村委、计生办、保险站,决定在全乡范围内开展两女结扎夫妇养老保险。

一个女村支书的母爱

在3年多的时间里,她含辛茹苦地替27户外出打工的村民无偿照料、教育36名孩子,她用伟大的母爱演绎出一段段动人的故事———

Pressure from hunting on crane species in southern districts of northern Pakistan

This study was carried out to assess the biological status of two crane species, the Common Crane (Grus grus L.) and the Demoiselle Crane (Anthropoides virgo L.), with respect to the hunting pressure in two southern districts of northern Pakistan, Bannu and Lakki. Field surveys, interviews and questionnaires were the major tools for data collection. We visited 165 hunting camps in the fall of 2008 and 85 in the spring of 2009 in the two districts. Of the hunters, most possessed wildlife permits for hunting and most people hunted for recreation. According to our survey, the population of two crane species is declining due to overhunting, destruction of natural habitats, anthropogenic activities and geographical factors. Suggestions for protection of the cranes are proposed.

Factors Associated with Physical-Activity Performance by Older Individuals in a Medium-Sized City in S^o Paulo State, Brazil

Physical activity has been scientifically discussed as fundamental in the process of healthy ageing. Hence, this study aimed at determining the factors that influence older people to perform physical activities. The complete IPAQ （International Physical Activity Questionnaire） was applied to a population-based sample consisting of 364 elderly persons in the city of Botucatu, SAo Paulo, Brazil. Days of physical activity performed by the older people were considered by taking into account household and leisure activities. Models for count data were fitted by including socio-demographic variables as well as those related to life satisfaction. It was shown that housework physical-activity performance is associated with female, who predominantly showed to be more active in all levels. Male seemed to be more predisposed to perform lighter recreation, sports and leisure-time physical activities, such as walking. Additionally, poor schooling showed to he decisive for not performing physical activities both at home and during leisure.

Variation of Soil and Water Volumes in Riparian Jungle Soils of Brazil

The objective of this work is to study the relation between humidity, density, porosity and shrinkage of the floodplain soil and riparian vegetation and their ability to store water. For this purpose, two locations for every type of soils were evaluated. Both were placed at the Agronomy University （Faculdade de Cidncias Agron6micas） in SAo Manuel, State of SAo Paulo, Brazil. The floodplain soil was vegetated with Southern Cattail （Typha domingensis）. In both places, soil samples were collected from several depths： 0, 30, 60 and 100 cm. Results show that lower soil density values （0.15 g/cm3） with organic texture and high porosities values （up to 86.2%） were found in samples with the highest organic material content in the floodplain soil. For this field experiment, flood plains soils （characterised as basin gley soils） presented high volumetric instability with a retratibility of 67.49% and higher water storage capacities compared to riparian stands soils （characterised as fluvic neosoils）.

Oncologic Trogocytosis Protects Tumour Stromal Cells from γδ Cell Cytotoxicity

Tumours progressively develop chemoresistance and immunoescape abilities thanks to support from their stromal microenvironment. In ovarian carcinomas, for instance, tumour-associated mesenchymal stem cells （TAMC） can transfer multi-drug-resistant proteins to develop metastases. However, since the microenvironment of such carcinomas is frequently infiltrated by both TAMC and γδ T lymphocytes, the consequences of interactions between these cell types were unclear. Here, we report that whilst γδ T lymphocytes were not activated when co-incubated in vitro with TAMC, their cell membranes were trogocytosed by the TAMC. Since TAMC constitutively express a low level of HLA class I, which is increased by trogocytosis of γδ cell-derived HLA class I, the interaction increased the expression of HLA class-I molecules on TAMC. In addition, γδ T lymphocytes are HLA-unrestricted cytolytic cells and their activity is regulated by inhibitory receptors （KIR） for self-HLA class I. Hence, although the lytic activity of γδ T lymphocytes for unrelated target cells was unaffected by trogocytosis, it spared the TAMC. Therefore, interactions between TAMC and cytolytic γδ T cells avoided the killing of these stromal cells due to an active transfer of their protective HLA class-I molecules. These results suggest that trogocytosis contributes to the maintenance of cancer-associated stromal cells.

Study of the Productive Chain of Stone Facings in Contemporary Buildings in Sao Paulo, Brazil

This article presents, based on field survey and in the consulted literature, the main procedures for fixing of claddings with plates of rocks, adopted in the city of Sao Paulo for buildings and contemporary urban works. There was an increase in the quality of these claddings in the last decades due to several factors, such as the adoption of technological innovations in the extraction process of the rocky material and in the productive chain and, also, the use of most modem procedures for projects in which are incorporated new knowledge for better use of the rocky material and reduction of waste, due to greater demands of the market in the sector of omamental stones.

Immunization with rPb27 Protects Mice from the Disruption of VEGF Signaling in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Infection

VEGF （Vascular endothelial growth factor） signaling is critical for endothelial cell survival and maintenance of the vasculature. Deregulation of VEGF signaling contributes to the physiopathology of many diseases. However, the ways in which infection with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis affects VEGF signaling and the influence of immunization with rPb27 （recombinant protein Pb27） on VEGF signaling have not yet been studied. Animals were immunized with rPb27 and subsequently infected with a virulent strain of P. brasiliensis. The fungal load was evaluated by measuring CFU （colony-forming unit） and histology was performed to evaluate the inflammatory reaction. At the two time points analyzed, the PC （positive control） and TREAT （treated） animals had decreased levels of pulmonary VEGF compared to basal levels. However, in the immunized （Pb27） and treated mice （Pb27 ＋ TREAT）, VEGF expression remained unchanged after infection. In the case of VEGFR-2, the Pb27 and Pb27 ＋ TREAT groups showed increased levels of expression. Regarding the levels of the eNOS enzyme, only the Pb27 group did not reduce the expression levels relative to baseline. The immunization with rPb27 kept VEGF signaling, NO production and increased VEGFR-2 expression, after infection with P. brasiliensis. Thus, the authors infer that immunization with rPb27 protects mice from the disruption of VEGF signaling in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection.

Violated Rights, Censured Memories： Histories of Violated Human Rights in Brazil and in the Southern Cone

This research aims to analyse the contents of Fundo Clamor, located at the Documentation and Scientific Information Centre--CEDIC, from the Pontifical Catholic University of S~_o Paulo--SP, between the years of 1970 and 1992, as well as its contribution to the process of rescuing historical memory of child and teenager abduction, imprisonment, and torture in the course of military dictatorships in Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay. The methodology used in this descriptive and qualitative research intends to take two directions： a bibliographical and a descriptive analytic documental research. Through the consultation and analysis of documents from Fundo Clamor （correspondence, denunciations, bulletins, and leaflets from Abuelas de la Plaza de Mayo, reports, writs of habeas corpus, pieces of reportage, and files from clandestine detention centres and on enforced disappearances）, a compilation will be made with information regarding the disappearance of children and the imprisonment and/or abduction of pregnant militants in an attempt to describe the situation of apprehension and incarceration, the historical context, and the repression forces involved in the operation of arrest, kidnapping and/or torture of militants, children, and teenagers. Besides this heritage, a documental research will be made at Terror Archives, the Centre for Documentation and Archives for the Defence of Human Rights （CDyA） of Paraguay Supreme Justice Court, which contains a register of Alfredo Stroessner＇s thirty-five-year-long military dictatorship in Paraguay. The main argument in this research states that the archives from the Committee for the Defence of Refugees Human Rights from the Southern Cone, available at Fundo Clamor, contribute significantly to the rescue of historical memory from the dictatorial period and to the achievement of complete citizenship in these countries, considering that Brazil was the protagonist of the National Security Doctrine implantation process in South America.

Light Weight Insulating Material Prepared from Rice Husk

Pakistan is at 12th number in the rank of rice production countries. Along with the production of 4,500 thousand metric tons of rice enormous quantity of rice husk is left as waste. Light weight thermal insulating material was prepared from rice husk. Epoxy resin was used as a binder and was mixed with rice husk to give it strength, the sample was compressed at 7000 psi to produce cylindrical shape block. The thermal conductivity of the sample A, B, C and D of thickness 1, 2, 3 and 4 cm respectively was measured 0.0241, 0.0240, 0.239 and 0.0219 watts/m-k, which was lower than the common mortar by 51.74%, therefore it could be used in buildings and roof as an insulating material. This would be a suitable alternative which would not only save energy but also solve the environmental disposal problems as well. The results are very promising and we hope insulation material prepared would be useable in hot climate regions like Pakistan in buildings to prevent heat transfer.

Vegetation Composition and Structure of Some NeotropicaMountain Grasslands in Brazil

The description and understanding of plant communities is fundamental for the implementation of conservation or restoration programs, especially when these communities are highly threatened and need to be restored.Campos rupestres, some Neotropical mountain grasslands located in central Brazil and part of the Cerrado biome(covering 2 million km2) host unique plant communities, currently threatened by quarrying and mining.The grassy matrix of campos rupestres, has long been considered a rich mosaic under the control of local topography and the nature of substrate, but this affirmation has not been well studied.We analyzed whether plant communities varied in relation to edaphic factors within the stony substrate and the sandy substrate of this grassy matrix.We selected 5 sites where occur both grasslands on stony substrate and on sandy substrate, and we carried out vegetation surveys and soil analyses.We counted 222 plant species within our communities, among which38.6% are exclusively found on campos rupestres.Our results show that both soil-types are strongly acidic, nutrient poor and exhibit a seasonal variation.Phosphorus increases and p H and organic carbon decrease during the dry season.Stony soils areslightly richer in nutrients than sandy soils and differences in soil granulometry and composition have led to the formation of distinct plant communities.Some species are confined to either one or the other grassland-type, which makes the plant composition of each community unique.Variations in edaphic factors generate heterogeneous grasslands favorable to a high plant diversity.Conservation programs and restoration actions have to maintain or recreate this heterogeneity.The presence of distinct plant communities implies that different strategies might be adopted to improve the restoration of these ecosystems.

Environmental Protection of Biodiversity in Macedonia and Albania under Legal Analysis View

Environmental problems in the Republic of Macedonia and Albania are similar in other countries in the region. Numerous problems and deficiencies identified through different projects. The studies and planning documents are evident for environmental media and areas. Such as lack of regional integrated systems for municipal solid waste management. The system for special waste types management, including hazardous waste, insufficient coverage of populated places and municipalities by wastewater collection and treatment systems （especially in agglomerations above 10,000 populations）. The need to establish integrated river basin management is in accordance with the new law on waters, air pollution with different intensity in different parts of the country. This paper presents the imperative reforms to protect the natural resources and biodiversity in the countries.

Pathological study of distal mesorectal cancer spread to determine a proper distal resection margin

AIM: Local recurrence after curative surgical resection for rectal cancer remains a major problem. Several studies have shown that incomplete removal of cancer deposits in the distal mesorectum contributes a great share to this dismal result. Clinicopathologic examination of distal mesorectum in lower rectal cancer was performed in the present study to assess the incidence and extent of distal mesorectal spread and to determine an optimal distal resection margin in sphincter-saving procedure.METHODS: We prospectively examined sepecimens from 45 patients with lower rectal cancer who underwent curative surgery. Large-mount sections were performed to microscopically observe the distal mesorectal spread and to measure the extent of distal spread. Tissue shrinkage ratio was also considered. Patients with involvement in the distal mesorectum were compared with those without involvement with regard to clinicopathologic features.RESULTS: Mesorectal cancer spread was observed in 21patients (46.7%), 8 of them (17.8%) had distal mesorectal spread. Overall, distal intramural and/or mesorectal spreads were observed in 10 patients (22.2%) and the maximum extent of distal spread in situ was 12 mm and 36 mm respectively. Eight patients with distal mesorectal spread showed a significantly higher rate of lymph node metastasis compared with the other 37 patients without distal mesorectal spread (P = 0.043).CONCLUSION: Distal mesorectal spread invariably occurs in advanced rectal cancer and has a significant relationship with lymph node metastasis. Distal resection margin of 1.5 cm for the rectal wall and 4 cm for the distal mesorectum is proper to those patients who are arranged to receive operation with a curative sphincter-saving procedure for lower rectal cancer.

Effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride on rat intestinal barrier function during cardiopulmonary bypass

AIM:To test the ability of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) to attenuate intestinal injury in a rat cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) model.METHODS:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (eight each):sham-operated control;sham-operated low-dose PHC control (0.6 mg/kg);sham-operated high-dose PHC control (2.0 mg/kg);CPB vehicle control;CPB low-dose PHC (0.6 mg/kg);and CPB high-dose PHC (2.0 mg/kg).Blood samples were collected from the femoral artery 2 h after CPB for determination of plasma diamine oxidase (DAO),D-lactate and endotoxin levels.Spleen,liver,mesenteric lymph nodes and lung were removed for biochemical analyses.Intestinal tissue ultrastructure was examined by electron microscopy.RESULTS:In the sham-operated groups,high-and low-dose-PHC had no significant impact on the levels of DAO,D-lactate and endotoxin,or the incidence of intestinal bacterial translocation (BT).Serum levels of DAO,D-lactate,endotoxin and the incidence of intestinal BT were significantly increased in the surgical groups,compared with the sham-operated groups (0.543 ± 0.061,5.697 ± 0.272,14.75 ± 2.46,and 0/40 vs 1.038 ± 0.252,9.377 ± 0.769,60.37 ± 5.63,and 30/40,respectively,all P < 0.05).PHC alleviated the biochemical and histopathological changes in a dosedependent manner.Serum levels of DAO,D-lactate,and endotoxin and the incidence of intestinal BT in the high-dose PHC group were significantly lower than in the low-dose PHC group (0.637 ± 0.064,6.972 ± 0.349,29.64 ± 5.49,and 14/40 vs 0.998 ± 0.062,7.835 ± 0.330,38.56 ± 4.28,and 6/40,respectively,all P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:PHC protects the structure and function of the intestinal mucosa from injury after CPB in rats.

Managing Pension Funds in Zimbabwe： Ethical Issues and Challenges

This article is motivated by the predicament that hit pensioners in Zimbabwe following the introduction of the multi-currency system. Zimbabwe experienced economic woes which rendered the Zimbabwean dollar worthless and consequently necessitating a switch to stable currencies. The pension assets and liabilities were invested in the local currency before the currency reform, and the result of the multi-currency system was a mismatch of the assets and liabilities of the pension funds financial position which led to paltry pension benefits. The nature of pension funds places a great responsibility on the stakeholders who are involved in running these schemes and therefore ensuring that reasonable expectation by beneficiaries is met. The article focuses on the core aspects surrounding the structure and managing of pension funds in Zimbabwe. The researcher investigated the roles of important stakeholders in the Zimbabwean pension industry, namely, government, trustees, investment managers, and actuaries. The article further delves into the ethical issues and challenges faced by those managing Zimbabwean pension funds. The researcher conducted a total of 30 personal interviews to collect primary data from professionals in the Zimbabwean pension industry which were split as follows： 10 trustees, 10 investment managers, and 10 actuarial consultants. Secondary data were also used in this study and it comprised of journals, newspaper articles, investment reports, and textbooks. The researcher recommends that pension funds develop sound corporate governance mechanisms that will encourage the best ethical practices among all of their stakeholders. The findings provide evidence for a need to empower pension fund trustees through training and introduction of a pension protection scheme. In addition, the current regulatory system needs to be reviewed to capture the changing economic environment upon which pensions funds operate.

Indicators to the Consumption of Electric Energy and Agriculture Cattle Farming Production for the Elaboration of Clusters with Cities of the State of S^o Paulo, Brazil

The issue in this matter is that rules for use of electricity in rural areas are limited to the provision of inputs. Adopting guidelines to consider managed sub regions can generate poor results. The focus of this study was to present parameters for indicators of electric energy and agricultural production to allow the formation of city groups in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, with similar electric energy consumption and rural agricultural production. The methodology was the development of indicators that characterize the electric energy consumption/agricultural production and the preparation of groups using indicators with ward of statistical method of groups. The main conclusions were the formation of six homogeneous groups with similar characteristics regarding agricultural production/consumption of electricity. The application of these groups in cities with similar characteristics would produce more satisfactory results than the division of administrative Rural Development Offices （RDO）.

Assessment of Soil Erosion Risk in Albania

Albania results are a country with high quantitative level of soil erosion in Europe and elsewhere based on different studies. The amount of soil eroded from the surface water erosion is from 20-40 t/ha/year and in extreme cases results up to 100 t/ha/year from the deepest erosion. This preliminary study will identify the more specific places in order to do more details analyses in the future to take protection measures in highly sensitive places with high erosion risk. This will be a quantitative assessment of places with different level of erosion risks. Further on these results will be generalized at the level of main water basins of Albania. The following main elements of soil erosion assessment are evaluated in this study which include the land cover, slope and density of the hydrologic net.