Objective: To explore the protective effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) on injured spinal cord. Methods: The spinal cord injury (SCI) model of Wistar rats was established by a 10 g× 2.5 cm impact force on the T...Objective: To explore the protective effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) on injured spinal cord. Methods: The spinal cord injury (SCI) model of Wistar rats was established by a 10 g× 2.5 cm impact force on the T 8 spinal cord. NGF (60 μg/20 μl) was given to the rats of the treatment group immediately and at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 hours after SCI. The level of neuronal constitutive nitric oxide synthase (ncNOS) and the expression of ncNOS mRNA in the spinal cord were detected by the immunohistochemistry assay and in situ hybridization method. Results: Abnormal expression of ncNOS was detected in the spinal ventral horn motorneuron in injured rats. The levels of ncNOS protein in the NGF group were significantly lower than those in the normal saline group (P< 0.05 ). The ncNOS mRNA expression was found in the spinal ventral horn motorneuron in injured rats and the expression in the NGF group was significantly decreased compared with that in the normal saline group (P< 0.01 ). Conclusions: NGF can protect the injured tissue of the spinal cord by prohibiting abnormal expression of nitric oxide synthase and the neurotoxicity of nitric oxide.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the effect of ischemic postconditioning （1PO） on acute lung ischemia-reperfusion （I/R） injury and the protein expression of haeme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）, a cytoprotective defense against o...Objective： To investigate the effect of ischemic postconditioning （1PO） on acute lung ischemia-reperfusion （I/R） injury and the protein expression of haeme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）, a cytoprotective defense against oxidative injury. Methods： After being anesthetized with chloralhydrate, forty-eight healthy SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups （8 in each）： sham operation group （S group）; I/R group： left lung hilum was clamped for 40 minutes followed by 105 minutes of reperfusion; IPO group： left lung hilum was clamped for40 minutes and postconditioned by 3 cycles of 30 seconds of reperfusion and 30 seconds of reocclusion; Heroin （HM）＋ I/R group： heroin, an inducer of HO-1 was injected intraperitoneally at 40 μmol·kg^-1·day^-1 for two consecutive days prior to 40 minutes clamping of left lung hilum; ZnPPIX＋IPO group： zinc protoporphyrin IX, an inhibitor of HO-1 was injected intraperitoneally at 20 mg·kg^-1 24 hours prior to 40 minutes clamping of left lung hilum; and HM＋S group： HM was administered as in the HM＋I/R group without inducing lung I/R. Arterial partial pressure of oxygen （PaO2） and malondialdehyde （MDA） content in serum were assessed. The left lung was removed for determination of wet/dry lung weight ratio and expression of HO-1 protein by immuno-histochemical technique and for light microscopic examination. Results： The PaO2 was significantly lower in all the experimental groups compared with sham group （90 roan Hg ±11 mmHg）. However, the values of PaO2in IPO （81 mm Hg±7 mm Hg） and HM＋I/R （80 mm Hg±9 mm Hg） were higher than that in I/R （63 mm Hg±9 mm Hg） and ZnPPIX＋IPO （65 mm Hg±8 mm Hg） groups （P〈0.01）. The protein expression of HO- 1 in lung tissue was significantly increased in I/R group compared with S group （P〈0.01）. While the HO-1 protein expression was higher in IPO and HM＋I/R groups as compared with I/R group （P〈0.05, P〈0.01 ）. The lung wet/ dry （W/D） weight ratio and MDA content in serum were significantly increased in I/R group as compared with S or HM＋S groups （P〈0.01）, accompanied by severe lung tissue histological damage, which was attenuated either by IPO or by HM pretreatment （P〈0.01, IPO or HM＋I/R vs. I/R）. The protective effect of IPO was abolished by ZnPPIX. Conclusion： Ischemic postconditioning can attenuate the lung ischemia-reperfusion injury through upregulating the protein expression of HO-I that leads to reduced postischemic oxidative damage.展开更多
Protection of entanglement from disturbance of the environment is an essential task marion processing. We examine the validity and limitation of the weak measurement and reversal in quantum infor- （WMR） operation in...Protection of entanglement from disturbance of the environment is an essential task marion processing. We examine the validity and limitation of the weak measurement and reversal in quantum infor- （WMR） operation in the protection of distributed entanglement from various decoherence sources. Since the entanglement variation can be investigated analytically for an arbitrarily entangled bipartite pure state under three kinds of typical noisy quantum channels, we show explicitly that the WMR operation indeed helps for protecting distributed entanglement from ampli- tude damping and phase damping, but not for depolarizing. Bxperimental feasibility for testing our results is discussed using current laboratory techniques.展开更多
Fuzi(aconite,Radix Aconiti praeparata),a widely used Chinese herb,plays a significant role in the cardiovascular system.This is mainly reflected by Fuzi's cardiotonic effect,its protective effect on myocardial cel...Fuzi(aconite,Radix Aconiti praeparata),a widely used Chinese herb,plays a significant role in the cardiovascular system.This is mainly reflected by Fuzi's cardiotonic effect,its protective effect on myocardial cells,and its effect on heart rate and rhythm,blood pressure,and hemodynamics.In this article,the pharmacological effects and the corresponding mechanisms of Fuzi(aconite) and its active components on cardiovascular system are reviewed.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To examine the neuroprotective effect of extract from Naomaitong following focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion induced by occlusion of middle cerebral artery(MCA), and to determine the biochemical alteratio...OBJECTIVE: To examine the neuroprotective effect of extract from Naomaitong following focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion induced by occlusion of middle cerebral artery(MCA), and to determine the biochemical alterations in urine using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and principal component analysis.METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly assigned tothree groups: sham-operated group, MCA focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion model group, and active extract of Naomaitong treatment group. The model was established by an improved MCA occlusion(MCAO) method. Sham-operated rats received the same surgical procedure, but without occlusion. The Naomaitong treatment group were treated with active extract from Naomaitong at a dose of3.0 g·kg-·1d-1. Brain tissues and urine samples were collected from all groups for histopathological assessment and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based metabonomics, respectively.RESULTS: Hematoxylin-eosin and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining of brain tissues showed a significant decrease in cerebral infarction area in the Naomaitong group. In model rats, metabonomic analyses showed increased urinary levels of glutamate, taurine, trimetlylamine oxide, betaine, and glycine, and reduced levels of creatinine and creatine.Naomaitong regulated the metabolic changes by acting on multiple metabolic pathways, including glycine metabolism, glutaminolysis, transmethylation metabolism and creatinine metabolism.CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that extract from Naomaitong is neuroprotective against focal cerebral ischemia induced by MCAO, and can alleviate biochemical changes in urinary metabolism. Metabonomics may be a useful approach for assessing the biochemical mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective actions of extract from Naomaitong.展开更多
Intensity of tillage practices can enhance organic matter decomposition, increasing CO2 emissions from soil to the atmosphere. Conservation tillage （CT） has been proposed as a means of counteracting potential damage...Intensity of tillage practices can enhance organic matter decomposition, increasing CO2 emissions from soil to the atmosphere. Conservation tillage （CT） has been proposed as a means of counteracting potential damages to the environment. In this study the effects of two CT systems, reduced tillage in a long-term experiment （RTL） and no-tillage in a short-term experiment （NTs）, were compared to traditional tillage （TT） in the long （TTL） and short-term experiments （TTs）. CO2 fluxes, total soil organic carbon （SOC） and dehydrogenase activity （DHA） were evaluated at 0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 cm depths throughout the three years studied （Oct. 2006 Jul. 2009）. Traditional tillage increased C02 emissions compared to CT. The CT treatments （RTL and NTs） accumulated more SOC in the surface layer （0 5 cm） than the TT treatments （TTL and TTs）. SOC accumulation was moderate but DHA consistently increased in CT in the surface soil, especially with a legume crop included in the crop rotation. Values of stratification ratio of all parameters studied were higher in the CT treatments （RTL and NTs）. The agricultural and environmental benefits derived from CT make this system recommendable for semi-arid Mediterranean rain-fed agriculture.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Sharbat-e-Deenar(SD) on acetaminophen(APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in rat model.METHODS: Albino rats were treated with SD at the doses of 1, 2 and 4 mL/kg, p.o. against hepatoto...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Sharbat-e-Deenar(SD) on acetaminophen(APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in rat model.METHODS: Albino rats were treated with SD at the doses of 1, 2 and 4 mL/kg, p.o. against hepatotoxicity after APAP(2 g/kg, p.o. once only) intoxication.The blood, tissue biochemical parameters and histopathological observation were performed. The RESULTS: APAP exposure in rats significantly increased the level of biochemical parameters such as aspartate aminotransaminase, alanine aminotransaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, serum alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, urea and creatinine into blood circulation which were reversed towards normal by SD therapy at all doses. The tissue biochemical parameters such as lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, adenosine tri-phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase were significantly restored after SD treatment against hepatotoxity. Histological analysis confirmed that SD-treated rats significantly alleviated of liver damage and reduced lesions caused by APAP intoxication. The biochemical changes are in good correlation with the histopathological observations.CONCLUSION: On the basis of these results, it can be concluded that SD exerts hepatoprotective activity against APAP-induced liver injury.展开更多
基金bytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina (No .3980 0 176 )
文摘Objective: To explore the protective effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) on injured spinal cord. Methods: The spinal cord injury (SCI) model of Wistar rats was established by a 10 g× 2.5 cm impact force on the T 8 spinal cord. NGF (60 μg/20 μl) was given to the rats of the treatment group immediately and at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 hours after SCI. The level of neuronal constitutive nitric oxide synthase (ncNOS) and the expression of ncNOS mRNA in the spinal cord were detected by the immunohistochemistry assay and in situ hybridization method. Results: Abnormal expression of ncNOS was detected in the spinal ventral horn motorneuron in injured rats. The levels of ncNOS protein in the NGF group were significantly lower than those in the normal saline group (P< 0.05 ). The ncNOS mRNA expression was found in the spinal ventral horn motorneuron in injured rats and the expression in the NGF group was significantly decreased compared with that in the normal saline group (P< 0.01 ). Conclusions: NGF can protect the injured tissue of the spinal cord by prohibiting abnormal expression of nitric oxide synthase and the neurotoxicity of nitric oxide.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.30672033）.
文摘Objective： To investigate the effect of ischemic postconditioning （1PO） on acute lung ischemia-reperfusion （I/R） injury and the protein expression of haeme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）, a cytoprotective defense against oxidative injury. Methods： After being anesthetized with chloralhydrate, forty-eight healthy SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups （8 in each）： sham operation group （S group）; I/R group： left lung hilum was clamped for 40 minutes followed by 105 minutes of reperfusion; IPO group： left lung hilum was clamped for40 minutes and postconditioned by 3 cycles of 30 seconds of reperfusion and 30 seconds of reocclusion; Heroin （HM）＋ I/R group： heroin, an inducer of HO-1 was injected intraperitoneally at 40 μmol·kg^-1·day^-1 for two consecutive days prior to 40 minutes clamping of left lung hilum; ZnPPIX＋IPO group： zinc protoporphyrin IX, an inhibitor of HO-1 was injected intraperitoneally at 20 mg·kg^-1 24 hours prior to 40 minutes clamping of left lung hilum; and HM＋S group： HM was administered as in the HM＋I/R group without inducing lung I/R. Arterial partial pressure of oxygen （PaO2） and malondialdehyde （MDA） content in serum were assessed. The left lung was removed for determination of wet/dry lung weight ratio and expression of HO-1 protein by immuno-histochemical technique and for light microscopic examination. Results： The PaO2 was significantly lower in all the experimental groups compared with sham group （90 roan Hg ±11 mmHg）. However, the values of PaO2in IPO （81 mm Hg±7 mm Hg） and HM＋I/R （80 mm Hg±9 mm Hg） were higher than that in I/R （63 mm Hg±9 mm Hg） and ZnPPIX＋IPO （65 mm Hg±8 mm Hg） groups （P〈0.01）. The protein expression of HO- 1 in lung tissue was significantly increased in I/R group compared with S group （P〈0.01）. While the HO-1 protein expression was higher in IPO and HM＋I/R groups as compared with I/R group （P〈0.05, P〈0.01 ）. The lung wet/ dry （W/D） weight ratio and MDA content in serum were significantly increased in I/R group as compared with S or HM＋S groups （P〈0.01）, accompanied by severe lung tissue histological damage, which was attenuated either by IPO or by HM pretreatment （P〈0.01, IPO or HM＋I/R vs. I/R）. The protective effect of IPO was abolished by ZnPPIX. Conclusion： Ischemic postconditioning can attenuate the lung ischemia-reperfusion injury through upregulating the protein expression of HO-I that leads to reduced postischemic oxidative damage.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants Nos.61144006,11247294,and 11347142
文摘Protection of entanglement from disturbance of the environment is an essential task marion processing. We examine the validity and limitation of the weak measurement and reversal in quantum infor- （WMR） operation in the protection of distributed entanglement from various decoherence sources. Since the entanglement variation can be investigated analytically for an arbitrarily entangled bipartite pure state under three kinds of typical noisy quantum channels, we show explicitly that the WMR operation indeed helps for protecting distributed entanglement from ampli- tude damping and phase damping, but not for depolarizing. Bxperimental feasibility for testing our results is discussed using current laboratory techniques.
基金Supported by the Capital Medical Science and Technology Development Program(No.SF-2007-I-04)
文摘Fuzi(aconite,Radix Aconiti praeparata),a widely used Chinese herb,plays a significant role in the cardiovascular system.This is mainly reflected by Fuzi's cardiotonic effect,its protective effect on myocardial cells,and its effect on heart rate and rhythm,blood pressure,and hemodynamics.In this article,the pharmacological effects and the corresponding mechanisms of Fuzi(aconite) and its active components on cardiovascular system are reviewed.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Study on the Material Basis and the Ratio of the Effective Components of Naodesheng Based on the Combination of Fingerprint and Metabolic Network,No.81274059Study on the Material Basis of Naomaitong in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke Based on the in vivo Dynamic Effect and Bioinformatics,No.81274060Study on the in vivo Process and Compatibility Rule of Naomaitong Based on the PK-PD of Effective Components and the Multiobjective Optimization,No.81473413)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To examine the neuroprotective effect of extract from Naomaitong following focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion induced by occlusion of middle cerebral artery(MCA), and to determine the biochemical alterations in urine using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and principal component analysis.METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly assigned tothree groups: sham-operated group, MCA focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion model group, and active extract of Naomaitong treatment group. The model was established by an improved MCA occlusion(MCAO) method. Sham-operated rats received the same surgical procedure, but without occlusion. The Naomaitong treatment group were treated with active extract from Naomaitong at a dose of3.0 g·kg-·1d-1. Brain tissues and urine samples were collected from all groups for histopathological assessment and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based metabonomics, respectively.RESULTS: Hematoxylin-eosin and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining of brain tissues showed a significant decrease in cerebral infarction area in the Naomaitong group. In model rats, metabonomic analyses showed increased urinary levels of glutamate, taurine, trimetlylamine oxide, betaine, and glycine, and reduced levels of creatinine and creatine.Naomaitong regulated the metabolic changes by acting on multiple metabolic pathways, including glycine metabolism, glutaminolysis, transmethylation metabolism and creatinine metabolism.CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that extract from Naomaitong is neuroprotective against focal cerebral ischemia induced by MCAO, and can alleviate biochemical changes in urinary metabolism. Metabonomics may be a useful approach for assessing the biochemical mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective actions of extract from Naomaitong.
基金Supported by the Interministerial Commission for Science and Technology(CICYT)of Spain(No.AGL2010-22050-C03-03)
文摘Intensity of tillage practices can enhance organic matter decomposition, increasing CO2 emissions from soil to the atmosphere. Conservation tillage （CT） has been proposed as a means of counteracting potential damages to the environment. In this study the effects of two CT systems, reduced tillage in a long-term experiment （RTL） and no-tillage in a short-term experiment （NTs）, were compared to traditional tillage （TT） in the long （TTL） and short-term experiments （TTs）. CO2 fluxes, total soil organic carbon （SOC） and dehydrogenase activity （DHA） were evaluated at 0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 cm depths throughout the three years studied （Oct. 2006 Jul. 2009）. Traditional tillage increased C02 emissions compared to CT. The CT treatments （RTL and NTs） accumulated more SOC in the surface layer （0 5 cm） than the TT treatments （TTL and TTs）. SOC accumulation was moderate but DHA consistently increased in CT in the surface soil, especially with a legume crop included in the crop rotation. Values of stratification ratio of all parameters studied were higher in the CT treatments （RTL and NTs）. The agricultural and environmental benefits derived from CT make this system recommendable for semi-arid Mediterranean rain-fed agriculture.
基金Supported by Central Council of Research in Unani Medicine(CCRUM),Ministry of Healthy&Family Welfare,New Delhi for financial assistance(Grant Sanction No.3-251/2004-CCRUM/TECH)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Sharbat-e-Deenar(SD) on acetaminophen(APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in rat model.METHODS: Albino rats were treated with SD at the doses of 1, 2 and 4 mL/kg, p.o. against hepatotoxicity after APAP(2 g/kg, p.o. once only) intoxication.The blood, tissue biochemical parameters and histopathological observation were performed. The RESULTS: APAP exposure in rats significantly increased the level of biochemical parameters such as aspartate aminotransaminase, alanine aminotransaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, serum alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, urea and creatinine into blood circulation which were reversed towards normal by SD therapy at all doses. The tissue biochemical parameters such as lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, adenosine tri-phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase were significantly restored after SD treatment against hepatotoxity. Histological analysis confirmed that SD-treated rats significantly alleviated of liver damage and reduced lesions caused by APAP intoxication. The biochemical changes are in good correlation with the histopathological observations.CONCLUSION: On the basis of these results, it can be concluded that SD exerts hepatoprotective activity against APAP-induced liver injury.
