The Liangshui Natural Reserve in Heilongjiang Province of China was selected as the study area. The authors collected the samples of forest litter （Tilia amurensis, Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, Acer mono, ...The Liangshui Natural Reserve in Heilongjiang Province of China was selected as the study area. The authors collected the samples of forest litter （Tilia amurensis, Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, Acer mono, Betula costata, and mixed litter）, soil in humus horizon （0--5cm） and soil horizon （5-20cm）, and soil macrofauna （Oligochaeta, Geophiloporpha and Juliformia） from 2001 to 2002. The role of soil macrofauna in the material cycle was analyzed through comparing the macro-element contents among various parts of the subsystems and using enrichment index （El）. The results indicate that dynamic changes of various litters are very complicated. The contents of Fe in each kind of litter increase firstly, and then decrease in the study period. The changes of macro-element contents are greater in the broad-leaf litter than in the coniferous litter, and the mixed litter is in the middle level, but the differences among them are not significant. The contents of Mg and Fe in humus are higher than those in soil, but the contents of Ca in soil are higher than that in humus. The dynamic changes of macro-element contents in soil and soil fauna are not consistent with those in litter. The diplopod presented obvious enrichment of Ca and Mg （E1〉1）, but it does not significantly enrich Fe. Earthworm has a stronger enrichment ability of Fe than diplopod and scolopendra, but E1〈1. Soil fauna can make great influences on the material cycle of the subsystems.展开更多
The Government has actively introduced oil and gas policies to promote the sustainable and healthy development of the industry it, 2017. The purposes of such policies are： to accelerate the reform of mineral resource...The Government has actively introduced oil and gas policies to promote the sustainable and healthy development of the industry it, 2017. The purposes of such policies are： to accelerate the reform of mineral resource royalties and advance the competitive transfer of mining rights; to promote the reform of the natural gas price, introduce cost supervision on long-distance natural gas pipeline enterprises in the area of gas pipeline transportation, and strengthen the regulation qf the distribution price; to liberalize the import qf crude oil in an orderly manner, increase the allowable volume of non-state trading crude oil imports, strengthen the supervision and periodically pause the approval of the right to use imported crude oil; and to enhance environmental protection.展开更多
A new integer linear program （ILP） formulation was developed to solve the problem of shared cycles design for optical networks with and without wavelength conversion. Numerical studies show that the shared cycles de...A new integer linear program （ILP） formulation was developed to solve the problem of shared cycles design for optical networks with and without wavelength conversion. Numerical studies show that the shared cycles design requires much lower redundancy compared with p-cycle design when the maximum number of spans allowed in the cycles is relatively small, but the difference in the redundancy between the two designs becomes smaller or disappears as the maximum number of spans allowed in the cycles increases.展开更多
In the human gastrointestinal tract,the functional mucosa of the small intestine has the highest capacity for absorption of nutrients and rapid proliferation rates,making it vulnerable to chemoradiotherapy.Recent unde...In the human gastrointestinal tract,the functional mucosa of the small intestine has the highest capacity for absorption of nutrients and rapid proliferation rates,making it vulnerable to chemoradiotherapy.Recent understanding of the protective role of p53- mediated cell cycle arrest in the small intestinal mucosa has led researchers to explore new avenues to mitigate mucosal injury during cancer treatment.A traditional p53 inhibitor and two other molecules that exhibit strong protective effects on normal small intestinal epithelium during anticancer drug treatment and radiation therapy are introduced in this work.The objective of this review was to update current knowledge regarding potential mechanisms and targets that inhibit the side effects induced by chemoradiotherapy.展开更多
Motor bikes (m-bike) and electric bikes (e-bike) are widely used in urban areas of China. Life cycle assessment of m-bike and e-bike are presented to compare their energy use and environmental emission in a life cycle...Motor bikes (m-bike) and electric bikes (e-bike) are widely used in urban areas of China. Life cycle assessment of m-bike and e-bike are presented to compare their energy use and environmental emission in a life cycle span. An m-bike and an e-bike are disassembled to collect material composition data for the life cycle assessment. The results show that e-bike consumes less energy and has less global warming potential (GWP), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), dissolved solids (DS), hydrocarbons (HC) than m-bike during life cycle. But e-bike generates more solid wastes, and more acidification potential (AP), heavy metal (HM) than m-bike. Advanced batteries and clean coal fired power plant technologies are recommended to promote e-bike use in urban area.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No 40171053)
文摘The Liangshui Natural Reserve in Heilongjiang Province of China was selected as the study area. The authors collected the samples of forest litter （Tilia amurensis, Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, Acer mono, Betula costata, and mixed litter）, soil in humus horizon （0--5cm） and soil horizon （5-20cm）, and soil macrofauna （Oligochaeta, Geophiloporpha and Juliformia） from 2001 to 2002. The role of soil macrofauna in the material cycle was analyzed through comparing the macro-element contents among various parts of the subsystems and using enrichment index （El）. The results indicate that dynamic changes of various litters are very complicated. The contents of Fe in each kind of litter increase firstly, and then decrease in the study period. The changes of macro-element contents are greater in the broad-leaf litter than in the coniferous litter, and the mixed litter is in the middle level, but the differences among them are not significant. The contents of Mg and Fe in humus are higher than those in soil, but the contents of Ca in soil are higher than that in humus. The dynamic changes of macro-element contents in soil and soil fauna are not consistent with those in litter. The diplopod presented obvious enrichment of Ca and Mg （E1〉1）, but it does not significantly enrich Fe. Earthworm has a stronger enrichment ability of Fe than diplopod and scolopendra, but E1〈1. Soil fauna can make great influences on the material cycle of the subsystems.
文摘The Government has actively introduced oil and gas policies to promote the sustainable and healthy development of the industry it, 2017. The purposes of such policies are： to accelerate the reform of mineral resource royalties and advance the competitive transfer of mining rights; to promote the reform of the natural gas price, introduce cost supervision on long-distance natural gas pipeline enterprises in the area of gas pipeline transportation, and strengthen the regulation qf the distribution price; to liberalize the import qf crude oil in an orderly manner, increase the allowable volume of non-state trading crude oil imports, strengthen the supervision and periodically pause the approval of the right to use imported crude oil; and to enhance environmental protection.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( No. 60772001 )the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project ( No.20070420013)Open Fund of National Laboratory on Local Fiber Optic Communication Networks & Advanced Optical Communication Systems of Peking University
文摘A new integer linear program （ILP） formulation was developed to solve the problem of shared cycles design for optical networks with and without wavelength conversion. Numerical studies show that the shared cycles design requires much lower redundancy compared with p-cycle design when the maximum number of spans allowed in the cycles is relatively small, but the difference in the redundancy between the two designs becomes smaller or disappears as the maximum number of spans allowed in the cycles increases.
文摘In the human gastrointestinal tract,the functional mucosa of the small intestine has the highest capacity for absorption of nutrients and rapid proliferation rates,making it vulnerable to chemoradiotherapy.Recent understanding of the protective role of p53- mediated cell cycle arrest in the small intestinal mucosa has led researchers to explore new avenues to mitigate mucosal injury during cancer treatment.A traditional p53 inhibitor and two other molecules that exhibit strong protective effects on normal small intestinal epithelium during anticancer drug treatment and radiation therapy are introduced in this work.The objective of this review was to update current knowledge regarding potential mechanisms and targets that inhibit the side effects induced by chemoradiotherapy.
基金This work was supported by grant G - 0205 - 06347 from David and Lucile Packard Foundation in partnership with the US Energy Foundation, as well as grant ICA4 - 2002 - 10023 from European Union.
文摘Motor bikes (m-bike) and electric bikes (e-bike) are widely used in urban areas of China. Life cycle assessment of m-bike and e-bike are presented to compare their energy use and environmental emission in a life cycle span. An m-bike and an e-bike are disassembled to collect material composition data for the life cycle assessment. The results show that e-bike consumes less energy and has less global warming potential (GWP), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), dissolved solids (DS), hydrocarbons (HC) than m-bike during life cycle. But e-bike generates more solid wastes, and more acidification potential (AP), heavy metal (HM) than m-bike. Advanced batteries and clean coal fired power plant technologies are recommended to promote e-bike use in urban area.
