The work of world crop germplasm resources are increasingly emerging the developing trend of globalization in collection scope, systematization in resources management, modernization in existing equipments, standardiz...The work of world crop germplasm resources are increasingly emerging the developing trend of globalization in collection scope, systematization in resources management, modernization in existing equipments, standardization in technical specification and informationization in shared service. This paper gives you an introduction on current situation of distribution of tropical crop germplasm resources, in-situ conservation, collection and preservation, evaluation and appraisal and innovation and utilization in china; analysis on existing key problems in protection and utilization of China＇s tropical crop germplasm resources; proposal of complementary study and collection and construction of geographical information base; reasonably layout of plantation and upgrade and preservation of equipments; development and research of related technical standards and carry-out of system evaluation and appraisal; improvement of share mechanism and efficiency; innovation and breakthrough in key points; and talents training and maintenance of work continuance, etc. Basing on these, the proposal of protection and utilization of China＇s tropical crop germplasm resources are further strengthened.展开更多
Although China has established more than 600 wetland nature reserves, conservation gaps still exist for many species, especially for freshwater fishes. Underlying this problem is the fact that top-level planning is mi...Although China has established more than 600 wetland nature reserves, conservation gaps still exist for many species, especially for freshwater fishes. Underlying this problem is the fact that top-level planning is missing in the construction of nature reserves. To promote the development of nature reserves for fishes, this study took the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin(MLYRB) as an example to carry out top-level reserve network planning for fishes using approaches of systematic conservation planning. Typical fish species living in freshwater habitats were defined and considered in the planning. Based on sample data collected from large quantities of literatures, continuous distribution patterns of 142 fishes were obtained with species distribution modeling and subsequent processing, and the distributions of another eleven species were artificially designated. With the distribution pattern of species, Marxan was used to carry out conservation planning. To obtain ideal solutions with representativeness, persistence, and efficiency, parameters were set with careful consideration regarding existing wetland reserves, human disturbances, hydrological connectivity, and representation targets of species. Marxan produced the selection frequency of planning units(PUs) and a best solution. Selection frequency indicates the relative protection importance of a PU. The best solution is a representative of ideal fish reserve networks. Both of the PUs with high selection frequency and those in the best solution have low proportions included in existing wetland nature reserves, suggesting that there are significant conservation gaps for fish species in MLYRB. The best solution could serve as a reference for establishing a fish reserve network in the MLYRB. There is great flexibility for replacing selected PUs in the solution, and such flexibility facilitates the implementation of the solution in reality in case of unexpected obstacles. Further, we suggested adopting a freshwater management framework in the implementation of such solution.展开更多
文摘The work of world crop germplasm resources are increasingly emerging the developing trend of globalization in collection scope, systematization in resources management, modernization in existing equipments, standardization in technical specification and informationization in shared service. This paper gives you an introduction on current situation of distribution of tropical crop germplasm resources, in-situ conservation, collection and preservation, evaluation and appraisal and innovation and utilization in china; analysis on existing key problems in protection and utilization of China＇s tropical crop germplasm resources; proposal of complementary study and collection and construction of geographical information base; reasonably layout of plantation and upgrade and preservation of equipments; development and research of related technical standards and carry-out of system evaluation and appraisal; improvement of share mechanism and efficiency; innovation and breakthrough in key points; and talents training and maintenance of work continuance, etc. Basing on these, the proposal of protection and utilization of China＇s tropical crop germplasm resources are further strengthened.
基金supported by fund of State Forestry Administration of China-United Nations Development Program/Global Environment Facility(83911 NP-2014-007)
文摘Although China has established more than 600 wetland nature reserves, conservation gaps still exist for many species, especially for freshwater fishes. Underlying this problem is the fact that top-level planning is missing in the construction of nature reserves. To promote the development of nature reserves for fishes, this study took the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin(MLYRB) as an example to carry out top-level reserve network planning for fishes using approaches of systematic conservation planning. Typical fish species living in freshwater habitats were defined and considered in the planning. Based on sample data collected from large quantities of literatures, continuous distribution patterns of 142 fishes were obtained with species distribution modeling and subsequent processing, and the distributions of another eleven species were artificially designated. With the distribution pattern of species, Marxan was used to carry out conservation planning. To obtain ideal solutions with representativeness, persistence, and efficiency, parameters were set with careful consideration regarding existing wetland reserves, human disturbances, hydrological connectivity, and representation targets of species. Marxan produced the selection frequency of planning units(PUs) and a best solution. Selection frequency indicates the relative protection importance of a PU. The best solution is a representative of ideal fish reserve networks. Both of the PUs with high selection frequency and those in the best solution have low proportions included in existing wetland nature reserves, suggesting that there are significant conservation gaps for fish species in MLYRB. The best solution could serve as a reference for establishing a fish reserve network in the MLYRB. There is great flexibility for replacing selected PUs in the solution, and such flexibility facilitates the implementation of the solution in reality in case of unexpected obstacles. Further, we suggested adopting a freshwater management framework in the implementation of such solution.
