The Zucchini yellow mosaic virus （ZYMV） （Potyvirus） on “zucchini” presents great economic importance for Malagasy farmers. Numerous aphid species （Hemiptera： Aphididae） spread viral particles, which are easil...The Zucchini yellow mosaic virus （ZYMV） （Potyvirus） on “zucchini” presents great economic importance for Malagasy farmers. Numerous aphid species （Hemiptera： Aphididae） spread viral particles, which are easily transmitted mechanically, too. Farmers ignored this disease, therefore, its control became extremely difficult with insecticides. This study aimed to evaluate efficacy of chili pepper extracts. Treatments vary as a function of its initiations and were repeated at weekly intervals until harvest. It was conducted in market gardens around the town of Antananarivo. The study compared four treatments and repeated three times： firstly, plots received a protection as soon as installation of culture （preventive protection）; secondly, plots received treatment with low infestation （about a quarter plants infested） （late protection）; thirdly, plots received treatment with high infestation （about half of plants infested） （latest protection）; lastly, plots without treatment （the control）. As a result, pepper extracts can provide a significant level to control against aphids attack, and permit to delay virus installation on plots, which received treatment as soon as implementation of culture. However, it cannot eradicate and cannot limit extend of virus disease on plots already infested. Economic analysis shows that preventive treatment of pepper extracts to fight virus attack provides an even greater return on its investment than all other terms. Thus, use of pepper extracts can reduce chemical treatment and pollution.展开更多
To deal with the thermal protection of high speed vehicle, the cooling efficiency of a combinatorial thermal protection configuration which is composed of the forward-facing cavity and opposing jet is investigated. Th...To deal with the thermal protection of high speed vehicle, the cooling efficiency of a combinatorial thermal protection configuration which is composed of the forward-facing cavity and opposing jet is investigated. The numerical simulation result is validated by experiment and the flow field parameters, aerodynamic force and heat flux distribution are obtained. The detailed numerical simulation results show that this kind of combinatorial thermal protection configuration has an excellent effect on cooling the surface of the nosetip. By adding of the opposing jet with a small total pressure, it can avoid the disadvantage to the control performance of the aircraft which is caused by the cavity oscillating flow. And the low stagnation pressure is propitious to simplify the opposing jet system. The location of the recirculation region has a significant impact of the aerodynamic heating. The heat flux along outer body surface of the nosetip does not increase with the stagnation pressure of opposing jet decreases monotonically.展开更多
Chemotherapy as an effective cancer treatment technique has been widely used in tumor therapy. However, it is still a challenge to overcome the serious side effects of chemotherapy, especially for its myelotoxicity. H...Chemotherapy as an effective cancer treatment technique has been widely used in tumor therapy. However, it is still a challenge to overcome the serious side effects of chemotherapy, especially for its myelotoxicity. Here we report a novel strategy using the water soluble gadofullerene nanocrystals（GFNCs） to protect against chemotherapy injury in hepatocarcinoma bearing mice, which was induced by the commonly chemotherapeutic agent cyclophosphamide（CTX）.The GFNCs were revealed to specifically accumulate in the bone marrow after intravenously injecting to mice and they exhibited excellent radical scavenging function, resulting in a prominent increase of mice blood cells and pathological improvements of the primary organs in the GFNCs（15 mg kg-（-1））treated mice after the CTX（60 mg kg-（-1）） therapy. Moreover,the GFNCs maintained and even strengthened the antineoplastic activity of the CTX agent. Therefore, the GFNCs would be the promising chemoprotective agents in chemotherapy based on their high efficiency, low toxicity and metabolizable property.展开更多
文摘The Zucchini yellow mosaic virus （ZYMV） （Potyvirus） on “zucchini” presents great economic importance for Malagasy farmers. Numerous aphid species （Hemiptera： Aphididae） spread viral particles, which are easily transmitted mechanically, too. Farmers ignored this disease, therefore, its control became extremely difficult with insecticides. This study aimed to evaluate efficacy of chili pepper extracts. Treatments vary as a function of its initiations and were repeated at weekly intervals until harvest. It was conducted in market gardens around the town of Antananarivo. The study compared four treatments and repeated three times： firstly, plots received a protection as soon as installation of culture （preventive protection）; secondly, plots received treatment with low infestation （about a quarter plants infested） （late protection）; thirdly, plots received treatment with high infestation （about half of plants infested） （latest protection）; lastly, plots without treatment （the control）. As a result, pepper extracts can provide a significant level to control against aphids attack, and permit to delay virus installation on plots, which received treatment as soon as implementation of culture. However, it cannot eradicate and cannot limit extend of virus disease on plots already infested. Economic analysis shows that preventive treatment of pepper extracts to fight virus attack provides an even greater return on its investment than all other terms. Thus, use of pepper extracts can reduce chemical treatment and pollution.
基金supported by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.90916018)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No.2008 99980006)
文摘To deal with the thermal protection of high speed vehicle, the cooling efficiency of a combinatorial thermal protection configuration which is composed of the forward-facing cavity and opposing jet is investigated. The numerical simulation result is validated by experiment and the flow field parameters, aerodynamic force and heat flux distribution are obtained. The detailed numerical simulation results show that this kind of combinatorial thermal protection configuration has an excellent effect on cooling the surface of the nosetip. By adding of the opposing jet with a small total pressure, it can avoid the disadvantage to the control performance of the aircraft which is caused by the cavity oscillating flow. And the low stagnation pressure is propitious to simplify the opposing jet system. The location of the recirculation region has a significant impact of the aerodynamic heating. The heat flux along outer body surface of the nosetip does not increase with the stagnation pressure of opposing jet decreases monotonically.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51472248,51372251 and 51502301)the National Major Scientific Instruments and Equipments Development Project(ZDYZ2015-2)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(QYZDJ-SSW-SLH025,KGZD-EWT02 and XDA09030302)
文摘Chemotherapy as an effective cancer treatment technique has been widely used in tumor therapy. However, it is still a challenge to overcome the serious side effects of chemotherapy, especially for its myelotoxicity. Here we report a novel strategy using the water soluble gadofullerene nanocrystals（GFNCs） to protect against chemotherapy injury in hepatocarcinoma bearing mice, which was induced by the commonly chemotherapeutic agent cyclophosphamide（CTX）.The GFNCs were revealed to specifically accumulate in the bone marrow after intravenously injecting to mice and they exhibited excellent radical scavenging function, resulting in a prominent increase of mice blood cells and pathological improvements of the primary organs in the GFNCs（15 mg kg-（-1））treated mice after the CTX（60 mg kg-（-1）） therapy. Moreover,the GFNCs maintained and even strengthened the antineoplastic activity of the CTX agent. Therefore, the GFNCs would be the promising chemoprotective agents in chemotherapy based on their high efficiency, low toxicity and metabolizable property.
