极复杂水文地质条件下煤层保水开采技术的研究应用

邯郸市牛儿庄采矿有限公司第Ⅲ水文地质单元内伏青灰岩含水层、小青灰岩含水层、大青灰岩含水层和奥陶系灰岩含水层裂隙发育,渗透连通性良好,具有高水位、高承压和高富水性的“三高”特征。其中,小青灰岩含水层单孔水量高达1.2m3/min,区域水文地质条件极为复杂。因此,在矿井第Ⅲ单元内进行采掘活动,极易发生突水淹井事故,造成煤炭资源和地下水资源的双重浪费,严重制约矿井可持续发展。本着最大限度回收煤炭资源,保护地下水资源,实现安全经济开采的目的,对矿井第Ⅲ水文地质单元进行保水治理,目的是查明隐伏导(含)水构造,封堵导水通道,使工作面底板完整性和阻隔水能力进一步增强,避免采煤期间发生突水事故,造成资源浪费。

Composition and distribution of main pollution trace element in water environment of mining subsidence

The impact on these water bodies of the surrounding coal production activities and the power plant through research the content and characteristics of harmful trace elements in coal contained in these water bodies.F,Hg,Se and As these four trace ele- ments increased 0.92%,0.78%,0.70% and 0.81% respectively in Datong mining subsi- dence pool from November 2004 to November 2006;the four elements increased 1.58%, 1.23%,1.08% and 0.92% respectively in Xie'er mining subsidence pool;the four ele- ments increased 1.16%,1.06%,1.02% and 1.01% respectively in Pansan mining sub- sidence pool.The conclusions show that the absolute values of F,Hg,Se and As in mining subsidence pool are relate with their background value,while the increase in their concen- tration and their environment of mine and electricity plant surrounded are closely linked.

Mercury pollution in the Chongqing part of the Three Gorges Reservoir area and its remediation and prevention

Mercury pollution in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of P.R.China merits special attention.We investigated into the current situation in the Chongqing part of the Reservoir area,identified the pollution sources and proposed some suggestions for the remediation and prevention of mercury pollution in this area.Atmospheric mercury in Chongqing was mainly from coal burning and releases of mercury-containing products such as various types of lights and fever thermometers.Urban drainage in Chongqing and Changshou,and runoffs from the high mercury background area in the lower reaches of the Wujiang River contributed most of the mercury in the water of the Yangtze River.A majority of the blame should be laid on mercury and gold mining in the Wujiang valley.We suggested foresting sloping lands to relieve soil erosion and prevent mercury-bearing soil from running into rivers,educational activities to discourage use of mercury-containing products and improved infrastructure to collect mercury-containing wastes for reducing mercury releases,more facilities for treating wastewater and solid waste to accommodate increased requirements of discharge,and growing selected perennial plants in mercury-contaminated land to absorb the mercury in soil.We also suggested concerted operation of a dedicated water-quality monitoring system,reinforced legislation and an effective administrative mechanism to ensure lasting efforts are invested in curbing mercury releases and restoring mercury contaminated land and water in the Reservoir area.

Impacts of precipitation variation and soil and water conservation measures on runoff and sediment yield in the Loess Plateau Gully Region, China

The Loess Plateau of China has experienced a lengthy drought and severe soil erosion.Changes in precipitation and land use largely determine the dynamics of runoff and sediment yield in this region. Trend and mutation analyses were performed on hydrological data(1981–2012) from the Yanwachuan watershed in the Loess Plateau Gully Region to study the evolution characteristics of runoff and sediment yield. A time-series contrasting method also was used to evaluate the effects of precipitation and soil and water conservation(SWC) on runoff and sediment yield. Annual sediment yield declined markedly from 1981 to 2012 although there was no significant change in annual precipitation and annual runoff. Change points of annual runoff and annual sediment yield occurred in 1996 and 1997,respectively. Compared with that in the baseline period(1981–1996), annual runoff and annual sediment yield in the change period(1997–2012)decreased by 17.0% and 76.0%, respectively, but annual precipitation increased by 6.3%. Runoff decreased in the flood season and normal season, but increased in the dry season, while sediment yield significantly declined in the whole study period. The SWC measures contributed significantly to the reduction of annual runoff(137.9%) and annual sediment yield(135%) and were more important than precipitation. Biological measures(forestland and grassland) accounted for 61.04% of total runoff reduction, while engineering measures(terraces and dams) accounted for 102.84% of total sediment yield reduction. Furthermore, SWC measures had positive ecological effects. This study provides a scientific basis for soil erosion control on the Loess Plateau.

Research on ground water pollution by ieacheate of waste dump of open pit coal mine

On the basis of investigation and research on the pollution source and pollution pathway of Yujiagou area,by the ground water quality analysis and the leaching and soaking experiments of the gangue,reliable data were obtained.The experiment results prove that these inorganic salt elements are easily dissolved by the water.The main pollu- tion factors in the ground water are consisted with the main pollution factor in the leading water of the gangue.By synthetically analyzing,a conclusion is shown that the salts in the leacheate of the waste dump of open pit coal mine are the primary pollution source for groundwater of Yujiagou area.An assessment is made about the degree of pollution of the ground water in the study area.

Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal in SBR Using Glucose as a Single Organic Substrate

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal(EBPR) was investigated in an anaerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactor(SBR) supplied with glucose as a single organic substrate.The results illustrated that EBPR process could also occur successfully with glucose other than short chain fatty acids(SCFAs).High phosphorus release and poly-hydroxyalkanoate(PHA) accumulation in the anaerobic phase was found vital for the removal of phosphorus during the aerobic phase.The measurement of intracellular reserves revealed that glycogen had a higher chance to replace the energy role of poly-P under anaerobic conditions.Moreover,glycogen was also utilized as the carbon source for PHA synthesis,as well as a reducing power as reported earlier.The accumulated PHA in this system was mainly in the form of poly-hydroxyvalerate(PHV) instead of poly-hydroxybutyrate(PHB),and was inferred to be caused by the excess reducing power contained in glucose.Lactate as a fermentation product was also found released into the bulk solution.Applying fundamental biochemistry knowledge to the experimental results,a conceptual biochemical model was developed to explain the metabolism of the glucose-induced EBPR.

Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Effects in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China

The Three Gorges Reservoir, the world’s largest hydropower reservoir, receives a significant sediment yield from soil erosion. Sloping farmland is the main source, exacerbated by changes in land use from relocating the inhabitants, and from engineering projects related to dam construction. Related geo-hazards, including landsliding of valley-side slopes, will further increase the sediment yield to the completed reservoir. Integrated watershed management, begun extensively in 1989, has effectively controlled soil erosion and sediment delivery to date. What is described here as the Taipinxi Mode of integrated watershed management, based on its application in the 26.14 km2 watershed of that name in Yiling District, has been successful and is recommended for the entire region. The effects of this set of erosion-mitigation measures are assessed, using experienced formulas for soil and water conservation and information from remote sensing. The amount of soil erosion, and of sediment delivery to the reservoir were reduced by 43.75–45.94 × 106 t y-1, and by 12.25–12.86 × 106 t y-1, respectively, by 2005, by which time the project had been operative for 16 years.