Cloud water samples, LWC （Liquid Water Content） and meteorological data were collected at the Clingmans Dome, Tennessee, high-elevation site in Great Smoky Mountains National Park during the warm season from 1994 th...Cloud water samples, LWC （Liquid Water Content） and meteorological data were collected at the Clingmans Dome, Tennessee, high-elevation site in Great Smoky Mountains National Park during the warm season from 1994 through 2011. This paper presents results from 2000 through the conclusion of the study in 2011. Samples were analyzed for SO42＂, NO3, NH4＋ and H＋. These measurements were supplemented by measurements of ambient air and precipitation concentrations to estimate dry and wet deposition. Cloud water concentrations, LWC, cloud frequency, various meteorological measurements and information on nearby forest canopy were used to model cloud water deposition to gauge trends in deposition. Total deposition was calculated as the sum of cloud, dry and wet deposition estimates. Concentrations and deposition fluxes declined over the study period. The decreases in cloud water SO42＂ and NO3 concentrations were 40 percent and 26 percent, respectively. Three-year mean 5042 and NO3 deposition rates decreased by 71 percent and 70 percent, respectively. Trends in concentrations and depositions were comparable with trends in SO2 and NOx emissions from Tennessee Valley Authority power plants and aggregated emission reductions from electric generating units in adjacent states. Back trajectories were simulated with the HYSPLIT model and aggregated over cloud sampling periods from 2000 through 2007 and 2009 through 2011. Trajectories during periods with high H＋ concentrations traveled over local EGU （Electric Generating Unit） emission sources in Tennessee and Kentucky to the Ohio River Valley, Alabama and Georgia with the conclusion that these source regions contributed to acidic cloud water deposition at Clingmans Dome. This work was supported by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Tennessee Valley Authority with infrastructure support provided by the National Park Service.展开更多
The trade creation and conservation of wild species in Amazon, including collared peccaries （Pecari tajacu）, may be favored by artificial insemination, but the time of semen storage may lead to reduced fertility in ...The trade creation and conservation of wild species in Amazon, including collared peccaries （Pecari tajacu）, may be favored by artificial insemination, but the time of semen storage may lead to reduced fertility in sperm of some wild animals. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of semen storage at 17 ℃ over time on seminal features of peccaries in captivity. Eight adult males were sedated and underwent electroejaculation. The ejaculates （n = 65） were evaluated for volume, concentration, pH, sperm motility, vigor, and cell with intact plasma membrane intact （IPM） and sperm morphology. Selected ejaculates （n = 21） were diluted （1：1） in Beltsville Thawing Solution and kept during 48 hours under controlled temperature （17 ℃）. Assessments were made after dilution （TO）, after 24 hours （T24）, and 48 hours after the onset of cooling （T48）. The storage impacted on sperm survival （P 〈 0.05）. Semen characteristics changed throughout the storage period studied and after 48 hours storage. The decline of sperm motility was of 55.2% for 10.9%, vigor was 2.3 for 0.5 and IPM cells were of 59.0% for 15.8%. Primary defects sperm increased of 19.8% for 32.2%, secondary defects of 9.8% for 10.4% and total defects of 29.4% for 42.7%. However, within 24 hours of preservation, chilled semen peccaries presented sperm motility average rate and IMP cells levels indicative to use in assisted reproductive events. These results indicate chilled semen for 24 hours could be used in experimentally artificial insemination of peccaries, technology that still has not been performed before.展开更多
Natural gas output remained stable growth and reached 130.9 billion cubic meters in 2015, 3% higher than the same period last year. Shale gas saw huge progress. China titus became the third country in the world fu!fil...Natural gas output remained stable growth and reached 130.9 billion cubic meters in 2015, 3% higher than the same period last year. Shale gas saw huge progress. China titus became the third country in the world fu!filling commercial development after U.S. attd Canada. Natural gas import growth and growth rate declined obviously, and the imported pipeline gas and LNG totaled 61.2 billion cubic meters in 2015. Apparent natural gas consumption was 186.5 billion cubic meters in 2015, rising by 4.4% as compared with the same period last year, but it hit a historic low. There is higher dozonward pressure on domestic macro economy in 2016. However, natural gas demand will see more rapid growth, propelled by such favorable factors as gas price regulation and environmental protection policies. It is prospected that natural gas market will take a turn for the better than in 2015, and natural gas supply will still be rich in general in 2016.展开更多
Nitrosamines are classified by IARC as Group 2B carcinogens. Usually they might be present in organic foods as products of reaction between secondary amines and nitrosation system. The aim of the study was to test the...Nitrosamines are classified by IARC as Group 2B carcinogens. Usually they might be present in organic foods as products of reaction between secondary amines and nitrosation system. The aim of the study was to test the concentration of nitrosamines in Bulgarian products. High performance liquid chromatography with UV detector was used for identification and quantitation. A standard solution of N-nitrosodiethanolamine was used as a reference substance and in the validation procedure of samples. The limit of detection of the method was determined to 14× 10^-9 g/mL. The results of the testing showed that analyzed organic foods produced in Bulgaria did not contain nitrosamines above the limit of detection of the method.展开更多
Two novel quinacridone (QA) cyclophanes with intrinsic intramolecular dye-dye interactions have been designed and synthesized.X-ray crystal structures as well as detailed photophysical properties have been well demons...Two novel quinacridone (QA) cyclophanes with intrinsic intramolecular dye-dye interactions have been designed and synthesized.X-ray crystal structures as well as detailed photophysical properties have been well demonstrated.These two dyes have a major advantage that efficient fluorescence quenching can be observed even in their dilute solutions.A comparison of photophysical properties between the dimeric QA cyclophane and its reference monomeric counterpart indicates that the dimerization is predominant for the fluorescence quenching of QA dyes in solution.This study provided some model QA derivatives with dimeric structures for understanding the fluorescence quenching of QA dyes in solutions.展开更多
文摘Cloud water samples, LWC （Liquid Water Content） and meteorological data were collected at the Clingmans Dome, Tennessee, high-elevation site in Great Smoky Mountains National Park during the warm season from 1994 through 2011. This paper presents results from 2000 through the conclusion of the study in 2011. Samples were analyzed for SO42＂, NO3, NH4＋ and H＋. These measurements were supplemented by measurements of ambient air and precipitation concentrations to estimate dry and wet deposition. Cloud water concentrations, LWC, cloud frequency, various meteorological measurements and information on nearby forest canopy were used to model cloud water deposition to gauge trends in deposition. Total deposition was calculated as the sum of cloud, dry and wet deposition estimates. Concentrations and deposition fluxes declined over the study period. The decreases in cloud water SO42＂ and NO3 concentrations were 40 percent and 26 percent, respectively. Three-year mean 5042 and NO3 deposition rates decreased by 71 percent and 70 percent, respectively. Trends in concentrations and depositions were comparable with trends in SO2 and NOx emissions from Tennessee Valley Authority power plants and aggregated emission reductions from electric generating units in adjacent states. Back trajectories were simulated with the HYSPLIT model and aggregated over cloud sampling periods from 2000 through 2007 and 2009 through 2011. Trajectories during periods with high H＋ concentrations traveled over local EGU （Electric Generating Unit） emission sources in Tennessee and Kentucky to the Ohio River Valley, Alabama and Georgia with the conclusion that these source regions contributed to acidic cloud water deposition at Clingmans Dome. This work was supported by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Tennessee Valley Authority with infrastructure support provided by the National Park Service.
文摘The trade creation and conservation of wild species in Amazon, including collared peccaries （Pecari tajacu）, may be favored by artificial insemination, but the time of semen storage may lead to reduced fertility in sperm of some wild animals. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of semen storage at 17 ℃ over time on seminal features of peccaries in captivity. Eight adult males were sedated and underwent electroejaculation. The ejaculates （n = 65） were evaluated for volume, concentration, pH, sperm motility, vigor, and cell with intact plasma membrane intact （IPM） and sperm morphology. Selected ejaculates （n = 21） were diluted （1：1） in Beltsville Thawing Solution and kept during 48 hours under controlled temperature （17 ℃）. Assessments were made after dilution （TO）, after 24 hours （T24）, and 48 hours after the onset of cooling （T48）. The storage impacted on sperm survival （P 〈 0.05）. Semen characteristics changed throughout the storage period studied and after 48 hours storage. The decline of sperm motility was of 55.2% for 10.9%, vigor was 2.3 for 0.5 and IPM cells were of 59.0% for 15.8%. Primary defects sperm increased of 19.8% for 32.2%, secondary defects of 9.8% for 10.4% and total defects of 29.4% for 42.7%. However, within 24 hours of preservation, chilled semen peccaries presented sperm motility average rate and IMP cells levels indicative to use in assisted reproductive events. These results indicate chilled semen for 24 hours could be used in experimentally artificial insemination of peccaries, technology that still has not been performed before.
文摘Natural gas output remained stable growth and reached 130.9 billion cubic meters in 2015, 3% higher than the same period last year. Shale gas saw huge progress. China titus became the third country in the world fu!filling commercial development after U.S. attd Canada. Natural gas import growth and growth rate declined obviously, and the imported pipeline gas and LNG totaled 61.2 billion cubic meters in 2015. Apparent natural gas consumption was 186.5 billion cubic meters in 2015, rising by 4.4% as compared with the same period last year, but it hit a historic low. There is higher dozonward pressure on domestic macro economy in 2016. However, natural gas demand will see more rapid growth, propelled by such favorable factors as gas price regulation and environmental protection policies. It is prospected that natural gas market will take a turn for the better than in 2015, and natural gas supply will still be rich in general in 2016.
文摘Nitrosamines are classified by IARC as Group 2B carcinogens. Usually they might be present in organic foods as products of reaction between secondary amines and nitrosation system. The aim of the study was to test the concentration of nitrosamines in Bulgarian products. High performance liquid chromatography with UV detector was used for identification and quantitation. A standard solution of N-nitrosodiethanolamine was used as a reference substance and in the validation procedure of samples. The limit of detection of the method was determined to 14× 10^-9 g/mL. The results of the testing showed that analyzed organic foods produced in Bulgaria did not contain nitrosamines above the limit of detection of the method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50773027 & 50903037)
文摘Two novel quinacridone (QA) cyclophanes with intrinsic intramolecular dye-dye interactions have been designed and synthesized.X-ray crystal structures as well as detailed photophysical properties have been well demonstrated.These two dyes have a major advantage that efficient fluorescence quenching can be observed even in their dilute solutions.A comparison of photophysical properties between the dimeric QA cyclophane and its reference monomeric counterpart indicates that the dimerization is predominant for the fluorescence quenching of QA dyes in solution.This study provided some model QA derivatives with dimeric structures for understanding the fluorescence quenching of QA dyes in solutions.
