In Turkey, studies devoted to conservation of animal genetic resources are carried out by general directorate of agricultural research （TAGEM） under the ministry of food, agriculture and livestock. There are 9 sheep...In Turkey, studies devoted to conservation of animal genetic resources are carried out by general directorate of agricultural research （TAGEM） under the ministry of food, agriculture and livestock. There are 9 sheep and 3 goat breeds and 3 silkworm lines which produce animal fiber have been put under conservation by TAGEM since 1996. A considerable amount of these genotypcs are preserved as in situ. The success of this conservation method is directly associated with economically making the best of these genotypes which are preserved. Hence, making the most of fiber production alongside meat and milk production would make a great contribution to their conservation. For this purpose, determining production biology of mohair and textile features of Ankara goats at present, determining all features of traditional items （especially handicrafts） made of fibers obtained from these breeds and lines which have been put under protection and creating new usage areas have been issues worked upon. Along with this, in recent years, just as the world, especially EU countries, interests and studies for issues such as organic animal fiber production, rural development and geographical indications have been increasing in Turkey, as well. In the near future, this situation is supposed to have a great effect on increasing of animal fiber production in a positive way, too. Hence, to benefit more effectively from fibers obtained from these breeds which have been put under protection will make a great contribution to be protected by breeders. For this purpose, there will be studies in the near future devoted to determining production biology of fiber and determining features of textile in breeds and lines and increasing the consumption of products to be obtained from these fibers as well as Ankara goats. Therefore, in this article, it was emphasized on the more efficient of ways to be benefited from fiber production in these breeds and lines under protected.展开更多
Awareness of the adverse ecological effects of road and other large construction projects has resulted in a rapidly growing demand to quantitatively predict and evaluate the effects on gene flow among plants and anima...Awareness of the adverse ecological effects of road and other large construction projects has resulted in a rapidly growing demand to quantitatively predict and evaluate the effects on gene flow among plants and animals in natural habitats.In this study,we evaluated the effects of different road construction scenarios on animal species movement by using the methods of ecological landscape connectivity in the typical regions of Yunnan Province,China.The results showed landscape connectivity levels(Probability of Connectivity(PC))decreased after road construction and species with lower dispersal abilities were more affected to the subsequent habitat fragmentation.First level roads affected landscape connectivity most significantly.At a distance of 100 m,the PC index decreased more than 50%.Further analysis suggested that the use of landscape connectivity to assess landscape processes revealed the adverse effects on the species movement more effectively compared with the traditional landscape pattern analysis.In addition,we conducted a graph theory and a least-cost modeling discussion,it is obvious that they are powerful tools to represent and analyze landscape networks with respect to related species movement.Network analysis offers a quantitative and simple but effective tool for ecological process assessment and biological conservation on large scales.展开更多
Conservation of endangered sympatric species must be carefully executed to ensure that the protection of one species does not negatively impact the survival of another. Critically endangered Pecos gambusia Gambusia no...Conservation of endangered sympatric species must be carefully executed to ensure that the protection of one species does not negatively impact the survival of another. Critically endangered Pecos gambusia Gambusia nobilis and Leon Springs pupfish Cyprinodon bovinus, which are endemic to a threatened desert spring habitat, exemplify one such scenario. Recently, this habitat has been expanded, and captively bred C. bovinus were released to repopulate an area historically known to contain this species. A previous study suggested that G. nobilis are detrimental to C. bovinus populations, due to their tendency to congregate near spawning pairs and feed on their eggs. Whether G. nobilis are attracted to territorial C. bovinus, regardless of spawning behavior, remains unclear. To determine this, the number of G. nobilis in occupied and unoccupied breeding territories of both wild and captively bred C. bovinus was measured. Gambusia nobilis densities were similar between unoccupied and occupied territorial sites, suggesting that they do not show a preference for C. bovinus territories. Regardless of habitat location or prior captivity, territorial C. bovinus significantly excluded G. nobilis within their direct vicinity （5 cm）, but not from their entire territory. Decreased G. nobilis density within the habitat may allow C. bovinus to defend their breeding territories more readily during the summer spawning season. This study provides empirical evidence of captively raised individuals behaving similarly to wild indi- viduals upon reintroduction to their natural habitat and support for conservation methods that focus on common limiting factors between endangered species [Current Zoology 60 （4）： 527-533, 2014].展开更多
文摘In Turkey, studies devoted to conservation of animal genetic resources are carried out by general directorate of agricultural research （TAGEM） under the ministry of food, agriculture and livestock. There are 9 sheep and 3 goat breeds and 3 silkworm lines which produce animal fiber have been put under conservation by TAGEM since 1996. A considerable amount of these genotypcs are preserved as in situ. The success of this conservation method is directly associated with economically making the best of these genotypes which are preserved. Hence, making the most of fiber production alongside meat and milk production would make a great contribution to their conservation. For this purpose, determining production biology of mohair and textile features of Ankara goats at present, determining all features of traditional items （especially handicrafts） made of fibers obtained from these breeds and lines which have been put under protection and creating new usage areas have been issues worked upon. Along with this, in recent years, just as the world, especially EU countries, interests and studies for issues such as organic animal fiber production, rural development and geographical indications have been increasing in Turkey, as well. In the near future, this situation is supposed to have a great effect on increasing of animal fiber production in a positive way, too. Hence, to benefit more effectively from fibers obtained from these breeds which have been put under protection will make a great contribution to be protected by breeders. For this purpose, there will be studies in the near future devoted to determining production biology of fiber and determining features of textile in breeds and lines and increasing the consumption of products to be obtained from these fibers as well as Ankara goats. Therefore, in this article, it was emphasized on the more efficient of ways to be benefited from fiber production in these breeds and lines under protected.
基金Under the auspices of Nonprofit Environment Protection Specific Project of China(No.201209029-4)
文摘Awareness of the adverse ecological effects of road and other large construction projects has resulted in a rapidly growing demand to quantitatively predict and evaluate the effects on gene flow among plants and animals in natural habitats.In this study,we evaluated the effects of different road construction scenarios on animal species movement by using the methods of ecological landscape connectivity in the typical regions of Yunnan Province,China.The results showed landscape connectivity levels(Probability of Connectivity(PC))decreased after road construction and species with lower dispersal abilities were more affected to the subsequent habitat fragmentation.First level roads affected landscape connectivity most significantly.At a distance of 100 m,the PC index decreased more than 50%.Further analysis suggested that the use of landscape connectivity to assess landscape processes revealed the adverse effects on the species movement more effectively compared with the traditional landscape pattern analysis.In addition,we conducted a graph theory and a least-cost modeling discussion,it is obvious that they are powerful tools to represent and analyze landscape networks with respect to related species movement.Network analysis offers a quantitative and simple but effective tool for ecological process assessment and biological conservation on large scales.
文摘Conservation of endangered sympatric species must be carefully executed to ensure that the protection of one species does not negatively impact the survival of another. Critically endangered Pecos gambusia Gambusia nobilis and Leon Springs pupfish Cyprinodon bovinus, which are endemic to a threatened desert spring habitat, exemplify one such scenario. Recently, this habitat has been expanded, and captively bred C. bovinus were released to repopulate an area historically known to contain this species. A previous study suggested that G. nobilis are detrimental to C. bovinus populations, due to their tendency to congregate near spawning pairs and feed on their eggs. Whether G. nobilis are attracted to territorial C. bovinus, regardless of spawning behavior, remains unclear. To determine this, the number of G. nobilis in occupied and unoccupied breeding territories of both wild and captively bred C. bovinus was measured. Gambusia nobilis densities were similar between unoccupied and occupied territorial sites, suggesting that they do not show a preference for C. bovinus territories. Regardless of habitat location or prior captivity, territorial C. bovinus significantly excluded G. nobilis within their direct vicinity （5 cm）, but not from their entire territory. Decreased G. nobilis density within the habitat may allow C. bovinus to defend their breeding territories more readily during the summer spawning season. This study provides empirical evidence of captively raised individuals behaving similarly to wild indi- viduals upon reintroduction to their natural habitat and support for conservation methods that focus on common limiting factors between endangered species [Current Zoology 60 （4）： 527-533, 2014].
