The most recent trends in population dynamics have provoked a rigorous debate whether the private or the public pension insurance system should be predominant. The pay-as-you-go system is dominated by the state that g...The most recent trends in population dynamics have provoked a rigorous debate whether the private or the public pension insurance system should be predominant. The pay-as-you-go system is dominated by the state that guarantees its stability. Private pension insurance provides personal retirement accounts and proper ownership of the accumulated funds, but its sustainability during prolonged market crises and inadequate risk sharing are often questioned. In order to address this issue, this paper makes both an assessment and analysis of the arguments put forward in favor of the preservation of the pay-as-you-go system and a comparison of this system with some of the main characteristics of the private accounts system. This is the basis for seeking the objectively defined role of the pay-as-you-go system in the conditions of the market economy. A couple of conclusions that have been formulated might be of interest for the future improvement of the organization and management of pension insurance.展开更多
The United States is unique in terms of health insurance, supplemented by commercial health insurance, supplemented by government medical care and medical assistance, and the United States has been criticized for bein...The United States is unique in terms of health insurance, supplemented by commercial health insurance, supplemented by government medical care and medical assistance, and the United States has been criticized for being the only developed country that has failed to achieve universal health insurance. Although the United States in the health insurance operation also encountered a variety of problems, but its health insurance operation mechanism in the commercial insurance model and legislation first, democratic participation and other experience, it is worth in China＇s medical insurance management in the modernization of learning to learn from.展开更多
文摘The most recent trends in population dynamics have provoked a rigorous debate whether the private or the public pension insurance system should be predominant. The pay-as-you-go system is dominated by the state that guarantees its stability. Private pension insurance provides personal retirement accounts and proper ownership of the accumulated funds, but its sustainability during prolonged market crises and inadequate risk sharing are often questioned. In order to address this issue, this paper makes both an assessment and analysis of the arguments put forward in favor of the preservation of the pay-as-you-go system and a comparison of this system with some of the main characteristics of the private accounts system. This is the basis for seeking the objectively defined role of the pay-as-you-go system in the conditions of the market economy. A couple of conclusions that have been formulated might be of interest for the future improvement of the organization and management of pension insurance.
文摘The United States is unique in terms of health insurance, supplemented by commercial health insurance, supplemented by government medical care and medical assistance, and the United States has been criticized for being the only developed country that has failed to achieve universal health insurance. Although the United States in the health insurance operation also encountered a variety of problems, but its health insurance operation mechanism in the commercial insurance model and legislation first, democratic participation and other experience, it is worth in China＇s medical insurance management in the modernization of learning to learn from.
