Information is an integral part of the Universe. By its physical essence information is heterogeneity of matter and energy. Therefore information is inseparably connected with matter and energy. The universal measure ...Information is an integral part of the Universe. By its physical essence information is heterogeneity of matter and energy. Therefore information is inseparably connected with matter and energy. The universal measure of information in physical heterogeneity is the Shannon information entropy. An information approach along with a physical one allows to obtain new, sometimes more general data in relation to data obtained on the ground of physical rules only. The results presented in this paper show the effectiveness of informational approach for studying the interactions in the Universe. The paper shows that, along with the physical interactions the gravitational, electromagnetic, strong, weak interactions exists fifth type of fundamental interactions--information interaction, whose magnitude is not dependent on distance. The existence of information interaction is determined by the entanglement of quantum states, of quantum subsystems. The magnitude of information interaction is measured in bits.展开更多
New generation passive optical network aims at providing more than 100 Gb/s capacity. Thanks to recent progress enabling a variety of optical transceivers up to 40 Gb/s, many evolution possibilities to 200G PONs （pas...New generation passive optical network aims at providing more than 100 Gb/s capacity. Thanks to recent progress enabling a variety of optical transceivers up to 40 Gb/s, many evolution possibilities to 200G PONs （passive optical network） could be investigated. This work proposes two directly deployable cases of evolution to 200G PON based on the combination of these improved optical transceivers and WDM （wavelength division multiplexing）. The physical layer of the optical network has been simulated with OptiSystem software to show the communication links performances behavior when considering key components parameters in order to achieve good network design for a given area. The complexity of the proposed architectures and financial cost comparisons are also discussed.展开更多
Effective signal transmission is essential for communication. In environments where signal transmission is highly variable, signalers may utilize complex signals, which incorporate multiple components and modalities, ...Effective signal transmission is essential for communication. In environments where signal transmission is highly variable, signalers may utilize complex signals, which incorporate multiple components and modalities, to maintain effective communication. Male Rabidosa rabida wolf spiders produce complex courtship signals, consisting of both visual and seismic components. We test the hypothesis that the complex signaling of R. rabida contributes to male reproductive success in variable signaling environments. We first examine the condition-dependence of foreleg ornamentation （a presumed visual signal） and seismic signal components and find that both may provide potentially redundant information on foraging history. Next, we assessed reproductive success across manipulated signaling environments that varied in the effectiveness of visual and/or seismic signal transmission. In environments where only one signal could be successfully transmitted （e.g., visual or seismic）, pairs were still able to successfully copulate. Additionally, we found that males altered their courtship display depending on the current signaling environment. Specifically, males reduced their use of a visual display component in signaling environments where visual signal transmission was ablated. Incorporating signals in multiple modalities not only enables R. rabida males to maintain copulation success across variable signaling environments, but it also enables males to adjust their composite courtship display to current signaling conditions .展开更多
Previously we have designed and implemented new image browsing facilities to support effective offiine image contents on mobile devices with limited capabilities： low bandwidth, small display, and slow processing. In...Previously we have designed and implemented new image browsing facilities to support effective offiine image contents on mobile devices with limited capabilities： low bandwidth, small display, and slow processing. In this letter, we fulfill the automatic production of cartoon contents fitting small-screen display, and introduce a clustering method useful for various types of cartoon images as a prerequisite stage for preserving semantic meaning. The usage of neural networks is to properly cut the various forms of pages. Texture information that is useful for grayscale image segmentation gives us a good clue for page layout analysis using the multilayer perceptron （MLP） based x-y recursive algorithm. We also automatically frame the segment MLP using agglomerative segmentation. Our experimental results show that the combined approaches yield good results of segmentation for several cartoons.展开更多
文摘Information is an integral part of the Universe. By its physical essence information is heterogeneity of matter and energy. Therefore information is inseparably connected with matter and energy. The universal measure of information in physical heterogeneity is the Shannon information entropy. An information approach along with a physical one allows to obtain new, sometimes more general data in relation to data obtained on the ground of physical rules only. The results presented in this paper show the effectiveness of informational approach for studying the interactions in the Universe. The paper shows that, along with the physical interactions the gravitational, electromagnetic, strong, weak interactions exists fifth type of fundamental interactions--information interaction, whose magnitude is not dependent on distance. The existence of information interaction is determined by the entanglement of quantum states, of quantum subsystems. The magnitude of information interaction is measured in bits.
文摘New generation passive optical network aims at providing more than 100 Gb/s capacity. Thanks to recent progress enabling a variety of optical transceivers up to 40 Gb/s, many evolution possibilities to 200G PONs （passive optical network） could be investigated. This work proposes two directly deployable cases of evolution to 200G PON based on the combination of these improved optical transceivers and WDM （wavelength division multiplexing）. The physical layer of the optical network has been simulated with OptiSystem software to show the communication links performances behavior when considering key components parameters in order to achieve good network design for a given area. The complexity of the proposed architectures and financial cost comparisons are also discussed.
基金Acknowledgements We would like to thank J. Rovner and W. Tietjen for their pioneering work on this wonderful species. We thank A. Basolo, L. Sullivan-Beckers, and O. Beckers for helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript, and R. Willemart, S. Schwartz, E Shamble, K. Fowler-Finn, A. Rundus, and D. Wickwire for help in collection of spiders. Spider body measurements were taken by B. Cook. This work was supported by UNL SBS special funds and GAANN fellowship research funds to DJW and the National Science Foundation （10S -0643179） to EAH.
文摘Effective signal transmission is essential for communication. In environments where signal transmission is highly variable, signalers may utilize complex signals, which incorporate multiple components and modalities, to maintain effective communication. Male Rabidosa rabida wolf spiders produce complex courtship signals, consisting of both visual and seismic components. We test the hypothesis that the complex signaling of R. rabida contributes to male reproductive success in variable signaling environments. We first examine the condition-dependence of foreleg ornamentation （a presumed visual signal） and seismic signal components and find that both may provide potentially redundant information on foraging history. Next, we assessed reproductive success across manipulated signaling environments that varied in the effectiveness of visual and/or seismic signal transmission. In environments where only one signal could be successfully transmitted （e.g., visual or seismic）, pairs were still able to successfully copulate. Additionally, we found that males altered their courtship display depending on the current signaling environment. Specifically, males reduced their use of a visual display component in signaling environments where visual signal transmission was ablated. Incorporating signals in multiple modalities not only enables R. rabida males to maintain copulation success across variable signaling environments, but it also enables males to adjust their composite courtship display to current signaling conditions .
基金Project partially supported by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy (MKE) of Korea under the Information Technology Research Center (ITRC) Support Programthe Basic Research Program of the Korea Science (No. R01-2006-000-11214-0)
文摘Previously we have designed and implemented new image browsing facilities to support effective offiine image contents on mobile devices with limited capabilities： low bandwidth, small display, and slow processing. In this letter, we fulfill the automatic production of cartoon contents fitting small-screen display, and introduce a clustering method useful for various types of cartoon images as a prerequisite stage for preserving semantic meaning. The usage of neural networks is to properly cut the various forms of pages. Texture information that is useful for grayscale image segmentation gives us a good clue for page layout analysis using the multilayer perceptron （MLP） based x-y recursive algorithm. We also automatically frame the segment MLP using agglomerative segmentation. Our experimental results show that the combined approaches yield good results of segmentation for several cartoons.
