肝特异性造影剂增强对信号噪声比率、T2弛豫时间和表观扩散系数值的影响

目的:了解钆塞酸二钠对信号噪声比率(CNR)、T2弛豫时间和表观扩散系数(ADC)值的影响。方法:比较肝实质、肝癌和肝血管瘤注射钆塞酸二钠前后的CNR、T2弛豫时间和ADC值。结果:肝癌和肝血管瘤在静脉期之间CNR差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而平扫、动脉期、平衡期及肝胆期组间CNR差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。动脉期、静脉期、平衡期和肝胆期时的CNR显著高于平扫(P<0.01),而肝胆期显著高于动脉期、静脉期及平衡期(P<0.01);对T2弛豫时间和ADC影响差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:将TSE T2WI和DWI序列在注射对比剂平衡期扫描结束后采集图像,不影响病灶的特征且能节约其扫描时间,有助于促进钆塞酸二钠更广泛应用于临床。

基于电化学酒精传感器的高准确度酒精浓度测试仪设计

由电化学酒精传感器、温度传感器、压力传感器、87C552单片机、LCD显示屏和扬声器等部件构造酒精浓度测试仪。设计电路将电化学酒精传感器产生的微电流转换为0～5 V电压输出,以满足87C552内置电压模ADC的需要。通过测量电化学酒精传感器的环境温度,查询保存的电化学酒精传感器的信号比率与环境温度之间的关系数据,计算出准确的酒精浓度。解决了电化学酒精传感器酒精气体燃烧转变为电能输出转换率易受环境温度影响的问题。经过仿真测试性能稳定。

动态增强MR对乳腺癌的诊断价值探讨

目的:探讨动态增强磁共振(MR)对乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法:选择2020年6月—2023年5月北京丰台医院诊治的疑似乳腺癌患者72例作为研究对象,所有患者均进行动态增强MR检查,记录时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)分型情况与增强参数,涉及信号增强比率、峰值时间、强化率。以病理检查作为诊断金标准,判断动态增强MR的诊断价值。结果:在72例患者中,病理诊断为乳腺癌42例(58.33%,乳腺癌组);乳腺良性肿瘤30例(41.67%,非乳腺癌组)。乳腺癌组的动态增强MR TIC分型Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型分别为6例(14.29%)、10例(23.81%)、26例(61.90%),非乳腺癌组分别为29例(96.67%)、1例(3.33%)、0例(0.00%),两组对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。乳腺癌组的强化率、信号增强比率均高于非乳腺癌组,峰值时间短于非乳腺癌组(P<0.01)。病理诊断为乳腺癌41例,动态增强MR对乳腺癌的诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确率分别为95.24%(40/42)、96.67%(29/30)、95.83%(69/72)。结论:动态增强MR在乳腺癌患者的应用对于乳腺癌的诊断具有较高的灵敏度、特异度、准确率。

UWB和802.11a WLAN的兼容性分析

研究了超宽带(UWB)通信系统与基于IEEE802.11a标准的WLAN设备之间的兼容问题。介绍了UWB和WLAN的理论基础,给出了干扰信号对系统SIR(信号与干扰的比率)影响的仿真结果。结果显示,在视距(LOS)环境中,UWB干扰对802.11a系统的性能影响不大;在非视距(NLOS)环境中,UWB信号对802.11aWLAN系统的性能有很大影响,而802.11aWLAN干扰也会严重影响UWB接收机的性能。对研究UWB系统与其它通信系统的共存有一定的参考价值。

Signal-purity-spectrum-based colored deconvolution

Signal to noise ratio （SNR） and resolution are two important but contradictory characteristics used to evaluate the quality of seismic data. For relatively preserving SNR while enhancing resolution, the signal purity spectrum is introduced, estimated, and used to define the desired output amplitude spectrum after deconvolution. Since a real reflectivity series is blue rather than white, the effects of white reflectivity hypothesis on wavelets are experimentally analyzed and color compensation is applied after spectrum whitening. Experiments on real seismic data indicate that the cascade of the two processing stages can improve the ability of seismic data to delineate the geological details.

同反相位成像在胶质瘤分级中的应用价值

目的评价同反相位成像在胶质瘤分级中的诊断价值。材料与方法回顾性分析74例经病理证实的胶质瘤患者的病例资料,术前行MR同反相位增强成像,在同反相位图像上计算胶质瘤实体部分信号下降比率(signal loss ratio,SLR),比较高级别胶质瘤(high grade glioma,HGG)和低级别胶质瘤(low grade glioma,LGG)SLR的差异,并利用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评价SLR值的分级效能。结果HGG的SLR值高于LGG,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),SLR鉴别HGG和LGG的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)值为0.895。结论同反相位成像能帮助进行胶质瘤的分级,且简便易行,具有很好的临床实用价值。

UWB和IEEE802.11a WLAN的相互干扰研究

研究了超宽带(UWB)通信系统与基于IEEE 802.11a标准的WLAN设备之间的干扰问题。介绍了UWB和WLAN的理论背景,给出了干扰信号对系统信号与干扰的比率(SIR)影响的仿真结果。结果表明:在视距(LOS)环境中,UWB干扰对IEEE 802.11a系统的性能影响不大,IEEE 802.11a系统可以维持正常的通信;在非视距(NLOS)环境中,UWB信号对IEEE 802.11a WLAN系统的性能有很大影响,同时IEEE 802.11a WLAN干扰也会严重影响UWB接收机的性能。

一种时变衰落信道的SNR估计方法

信号噪声比率(SNR)估计是在时变衰落信道环境下相移键控通信系统的重要指标,目前有两种可实现的估计方法:数据辅助估计和非数据辅助估计。时变衰落信道可以建立为一个关于时间的多项式模型。传统的估计方法精度受限于Cramer-Rao下界信道,信道时变特性对于SNR估计的影响可以忽略。目前,一种新颖的最大似然(ML)SNR估计方法是由时变衰落模型推导而来的。对于DA场景估计来说,有一种简易的闭环估计方案,其准确性能评估依赖于正确与错误(不匹配)的多项式阶数。对于NDA估计,未知的数据符号建立为随机的模型,利用了边缘似然估计方法。最大期望算法通过迭代方法使得似然函数最大。仿真结果表明,相比先前公布的算法实现,该估计算法统计效率更高。

Seismic acceleration signal analysis and application

Although various types of geophones are applied in seismic exploration,there are only three common types of signals produced by geophones:displacement,velocity,and acceleration signals.Currently,our understanding of the signal characteristics,such as the generation mechanism,the geophysical properties,and the significance of the corresponding rock physics,remains unclear,which makes it difficult to both scientifically evaluate and take full advantage of the different types of geophones.In this paper,the mechanism by which seismic waves are generated is studied based on the spring–damped vibration theory.The physical characteristics of the three above-mentioned signal types and the relationships among the physical properties of the signals and medium are analyzed,as well as the signalto-noise ratio(SNR),resolution,and spectrum characteristics.Based on laboratory tests,field experiments,and applications,we obtained the following conclusions.The acceleration signal reflects the elastic characteristics of the medium and the change rules,and the signal strength is positively correlated with physical property changes.The acceleration signal has favorable attributes,such as small distortion,high fidelity,strong high-frequency amplitudes,and a wide frequency band.Therefore,the acceleration signal is more suitable for high-precision seismic exploration of complex media.In addition,the P-wave acceleration signal more accurately reflects the elastic Young modulus,shear modulus,and density changes than the velocity signal.However,the sensitivity decreases with increasing shear modulus and density.For the S-wave,the acceleration signal is more sensitive to the shear modulus and density than the velocity signal.

A novel blind deconvolution algorithm using single frequency bin

Former frequency-domain blind devolution algorithms need to consider a large number of frequency bins and recover the sources in different orders and with different amplitudes in each frequency bin,so they suffer from permutation and amplitude indeterminacy troubles. Based on sliding discrete Fourier transform,the presented deconvolution algorithm can directly recover time-domain sources from frequency-domain convolutive model using single frequency bin. It only needs to execute blind sepa-ration of instantaneous mixture once there are no permutation and amplitude indeterminacy troubles. Compared with former algorithms,the algorithm greatly reduces the computation cost as only one frequency bin is considered. Its good and robust per-formance is demonstrated by simulations when the signal-to-noise-ratio is high.

协同应用MR图像的SIR值和rADC值对脑梗死分期的临床研究

目的探讨协同应用MR图像的信号强度比(SIR)值及相对表观扩散系数(rADC)值对脑梗死MRI分期的临床意义。方法对125例脑梗死病例按发病时间分为5组,各25例。A组(急性期)发病1d,B组(亚急性早期)发病2d～6d,C组(亚急性中期)发病4d～7d,D组(亚急性后期)发病8d～14d,E组(慢性期)发病1d以后。分别测算梗死各期DWI图、T2WI图和FLAIR图的平均信号强度值、SIR值和梗死灶的ADC值、rADC值,并进行统计学分析。结果 DWI图:B组、D组、E组与A组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组、C组、D组与E组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。FLAIR图:A组与E组比较,B组、C组分别于D组、E组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。T2WI图:A组与E组比较,B组、C组、D组与E组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。脑梗死DWI图、FLAIR图和T2WI图的平均SIR值与病程之间有明显相关性(P<0.05)。患侧与健侧各期rADC值差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。与B组、E组比较,A组rADC值和平均rADC值差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);与E组比较,B组、C组、D组rADC值和平均rADC值差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论脑梗死各期DWI图、T2WI图和FLAIR图的平均SIR值及梗死灶的平均rADC值均与病程之间有明显相关性;联合观察和协同应用MR图像的SIR值和梗死灶的rADC值可以明显提高脑梗死MRI分期的准确率。

Performance of a Dual-Hop Multi-relay Cooperative Network in a Nakagami-m Fading Environment

An exact average symbol error rate analysis for the distributed dual-hop relay cooperative network with multiple relays in a Nakagami-m fading environment is presented.In the derivation of the moment generation function of receiver Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR),the sectional integral method is used,instead of the cumulative density function method which is ordinarily used by the deduction of the outage probability of S-R-D link.The accurate symbol error rate of a dual-hop relay cooperative network is obtained with the closed-form Moment Genoration Function (MGF) expression.The correctness of the symbol error rate is verified through numerical simulations and is compared with other analytical methods.These deductions clearly show that the distributed cooperative diversity network presented has strong superiorities in overcoming severe fading and can achieve full diversity order.

Interference and Spectral Efficiency Analysis in Two-hop Cellular Network with Fixed Relays in FDD Mode

This paper presented a scheme of two-hop cellular network with fixed relay nodes (FRN). Based on this scheme, co-channel interference and signal interference ratio(SIR) received by base station(BS) and FRN were analyzed. Both the theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the SIR can be improved significantly when relays are employed in the network. The higher spectral efficiency can be obtained due to the improved two-hop link quality through the use of adaptive modulation and coding (AMC). The antenna height of FRN and the cell radius of BS and that of FRN influence SIR received by BS and FRN and the system spectral efficiency greatly. The proper antenna height of FRN and cell radius of BS and that of FRN were also given to get the highest spectral efficiency.

Stochastic Resonance in a Bistable System Subject to Dichotomous Noise

The stochastic resonance phenomenon in a bistable system subject to Markov dichotomous noise （DN） is investigated. Based on the adiabatic elimination and the two-state theories, the explicit expressions for the signal-tonoise ratio （SNR） and the spectral power amplification （SPA） have been obtained. It is shown that two peaks can occur on the curve of SNR versus the intensity of the DN. Moreover, the SNR is a non-monotonic function of the correlation time of the DN. The SPA varies non-monotonously with the strength of the DN. The dependence of the SNR on the frequency and the amplitude of the external periodic signal are discussed. The effect of the external frequency and the correlation time of the DN on the SPA are analyzed.

TRAFFIC CHANNEL SIR ESTIMATION BASED ON REVERSE PILOT CHANNEL IN cdma2000

Signal-to-Interference Ratio(SIR) is a very important metric of communication link quality. For wireless cellular systems, several control mechanisms, such as power control mechanisms, rate control mechanisms, and allocation of radio resource, are based on SIR estimation.In previous researches, most of researchers concentrated on WCDMA systems, in which pilot symbol is time-multiplexed with data symbol; the method developed in this case is not feasible for cdma2000 systems where pilot symbol is code-multiplexed with data symbol. This paper first develops the SIR estimators based on the reverse pilot channel and then derives the approximate analytic expression for its Mean Squared Error (MSE) function, the accuracy of which is validated through simulation. It is shown that the MSE of the new SIR estimator is significantly smaller than that of other widely used SIR estimators, especially in low SIR case. Finally, the estimate quality of the proposed method is further improved by long-termly averaging the sample interference.

Performance analysis of CDMA power control system based on fuzzy prediction

Power control is of paramount importance in combating the near-far problem and co-channel interference in a CDMA cellular system. Due to fast fading and ambient interference in a wireless channel, conventional fixed-step power control schemes have difficulty in compensating for the fast fading channel dynamically and in a timely manner. To acquire flexible power regulation in order to maintain required transmission capacity under the given transmission quality requirement, we propose a hybrid power control scheme which makes full use of the simple fuzzy inference rule refined by an operator in the fuzzy control and prediction property from related previous results in Generalized Prediction Control (GPC). In implementation of this strategy, we classify the fading zone into three levels according to the signal-to-noise-rate (SNR) requirement. In each level the power compensation amount varies with fading gradient and the compensation scheme varies as well. The digital results show that adoption of the fuzzy-GPC power regulation scheme has acquired a reasonable performance improvement when compared with fixed-step and fuzzy schemes. According to theoretic analysis and simulation results, we can conclude that under a variational transmission environment, a flexible power regulation scheme such as fuzzy-GPC is easy to adapt to the environment and thus overcomes the near-far effect and multi-access interference effectively.

Performance Analysis of Full-Duplex Based Two-Way Relaying

Cooperative communication is regarded as a promising technique for improving the reliability of wireless communication links and enhancing the radio coverage simultaneously. Unlike the conventional half-duplex(HD) mode relaying techniques,the full-duplex based two-way relaying(FD-TWR) enables data exchanges between two nodes to be completed within a single time-slot,thus resulting in a significant improvement in the spectrum efficiency. In this paper,the channel model of the FD-TWR is first given out,followed by deriving the critical performance metrics,including the received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio(SINR),the upper bound of the ergodic capacity and the closedform solution of the proposed FD-TWR under amplify-and-forward(AF) mode. Furthermore,taking the limit of sum-transmit-power into account,we formulate the objective function of the optimal power allocation of FD-TWR as an extreme-value problem by deriving the optimal transmit power for both the source nodes and the relay node. As long as the self-interference(SI) signal in the FD-TWR nodes can be sufficiently suppressed,the proposed scheme is shown to outperform the conventional HD mode in terms of both the ergodic capacity and the outage probability. In addition,regardless of the practical SI power,the proposedFD-TWR is always capable of achieving its best performance with an aid of the proposed optimal power allocation scheme.

The Representation of a Broadband Vector Field

Compared to a scalar pressure sensor, a vector sensor can provide a higher signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） signal and more detailed intbrmation on the sound field. Study on vector sensors and their applications have become a hot topic. Research on the representation of a vector field is highly relevant for extending the scope of vector sensor technology. This paper discusses the range-frequency distribution of the vector field due to a broadband acoustic source moving in a shallow-water waveguide as the self noise of a surface ship, and the vector extension of the waveguide impulse response measured over a limited frequency range using an active source of known waveform. From theory analysis and numerical simulation, the range-frequency representation of a vector field exhibits an interference structure qualitatively similar to that of the corresponding pressure field but, being quantitatively different, provides additional information on the waveguide, especially through the vertical component. For the range-frequency representation, physical quantities that can better exhibit the interference characteristics of the wavegaide are the products of pressure and particle velocity and of the pressure and pressure gradient. An image processing method to effectively detect and isolate the individual striations from an interference structure was reviewed briefly. The representation of the vector impulse response was discussed according to two different measurement systems, also known as particle velocity and pressure gradient. The vector impulse response representation can not only provide additional information from pressure only but even more than that of the range-frequency representation.

Duplexer Design for Full-Duplex Based Wireless Communications

The full-duplex(FD) based wireless communication devices,which are capable of concurrently transmitting and receiving signals with a single frequency band,suffer from a severe self-interference(SI) due to the large power difference between the devices' own transmission and the useful signal comes from the remote transmitters. To enable the practical FD devices to be implementable,the SI power must be sufficiently suppressed to the level of background noise power,making the received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio(SINR) satisfy the decoding requirement. In this paper,the design and implementation of the duplexer for facilitating SI cancellation in FD based wireless communications are investigated,with a new type of duplexer(i.e. an improved directional coupler) designed for improving the spatial suppression of the SI power. Furthermore,the practical circuit boards are designed and verified for the proposed prototype,showing that the spatial suppression capability may be up to 36 d B(i.e. much higher than that attainable in the commonly designed ferrite circulator) by using the proposed design.