信息—物理融合系统中建模方法综述

信息—物理融合系统(CPS)不仅包含离散的计算过程、网络通信,还涉及处理连续的物理事件。从CPS所涉及的离散系统和连续系统2个方面出发,分别介绍了当前存在的一些建模理论及基于该理论的开发工具,并概括总结了它们在CPS领域的应用。对CPS亟需解决的问题做了简单介绍,并在此基础上提出了解决CPS建模问题可能存在的4种可行的方法,为CPS建模研究者提供参考。

工业系统的智能交互模式及人因工效研究综述

随着物联网、CPS、大数据等技术的出现和发展,生产制造、航空驾驶、安全监控等工业系统已进入第四次工业革命的智能转型升级。目的工业系统的智能交互模式与人因工效是人机协同共生的关键核心问题。方法从工业制造的智能化转型、航空航天的人机协同、核电安全智能监控等多个重大行业背景出发,分析人—信息—物理系统智能交互的发展趋势;剖析工业智能背景下国内外人因工效测评技术、评价模型及多源指标关联性研究进展;梳理智能化工业系统的信息表征发展趋势及多通道交互研究方法。结论从国内外研究综述表明,需要从多学科交叉融通的角度构建智能化工业系统的人机交互研究体系,这将极大地改善系统中的人(任务执行者)获取信息、知识推理、判断决策的认知绩效,达成智能交互的人机物闭环,实现人(自然人、机器人)、信息系统、物理系统的充分感知融合,即人机协同共生模式。

新兴信息技术综述(一)

初露端倪的新型信息平台,其中包括大数据平台、云计算平台和企业平台,将影响未来的石油勘探与生产。"大数据"指收集和分析大量信息的能力,"云计算"涉及虚拟计算资源。石油工业勘探与生产是复杂的数据驱动的业务领域,大数据和云计算有广阔的应用前景。石油勘探与生产应用集成,在经历了"数字化"、"数据集成"和"以数据为中心的工作流集成"以后,将诞生新一代信息平台——企业平台,发展软件生态系统、主数据管理和服务计算。初露端倪的新颖信息技术工具,其中包括移动计算系统、信息-物理系统和数据同化算法,将重塑勘探与生产的工作流程。移动互联网具有自适应的、个性化的、能够感知周围环境的服务。信息-物理系统作为计算进程和物理进程的统一体,是将计算、通信与控制集成于一体的下一代智能系统,与新的工业革命密切相关联,是未来的智慧油田的关键技术之一。数据同化是指通过组合模型和观测数据,得到动态系统的最佳的可能估计,以及利用模型动态作为约束求解反问题,可用于改善油气田状态预测。

新兴信息技术综述(二)

初露端倪的新型信息平台,其中包括大数据平台、云计算平台和企业平台,将影响未来的石油勘探与生产。"大数据"指收集和分析大量信息的能力,"云计算"涉及虚拟计算资源。石油工业勘探与生产是复杂的数据驱动的业务领域,大数据和云计算有广阔的应用前景。石油勘探与生产应用集成,在经历了"数字化"、"数据集成"和"以数据为中心的工作流集成"以后,将诞生新一代信息平台——企业平台,发展软件生态系统、主数据管理和服务计算。初露端倪的新颖信息技术工具,其中包括移动计算系统、信息-物理系统和数据同化算法,将重塑勘探与生产的工作流程。移动互联网具有自适应的、个性化的、能够感知周围环境的服务。信息-物理系统作为计算进程和物理进程的统一体,是将计算、通信与控制集成于一体的下一代智能系统,与新的工业革命密切相关联,是未来的智慧油田的关键技术之一。数据同化是指通过组合模型和观测数据,得到动态系统的最佳的可能估计,以及利用模型动态作为约束求解反问题,可用于改善油气田状态预测。

面向定制装配式建筑的混合现实智能建造--以第三届中国国际太阳能十项全能竞赛作品极光之家为例

预制装配式建筑与智能建造协同发展是我国建筑业转型重点。智能建造实践尚未实现完全自动化和无人化,复杂定制作业仍需依赖人的灵活决策力,而旨在实现人、信息、物理三元系统融合的混合现实技术,为装配式建筑人机协作建造提供了新思路。本文从建筑数字孪生理论与混合现实技术应用入手,简述二者结合的机制、框架、方法。以第三届中国国际太阳能十项全能竞赛作品极光之家为例,阐述面向定制装配式建筑的“优化—建造—反馈”混合现实智能建造流程,为建筑复杂定制作业提供系统化解决方案。

基于CPSS视角的需求响应能力评估综述

对信息—物理—社会系统与需求响应评估的结合进行综述。首先对信息物理系统的历史和框架进行分析。接着总结了现有的需求响应研究现状,包括需求响应潜力评估的意义、分类和评估方法。对于需求响应能力评估的数据来源进行总结,包括问卷调查和运行数据采集。在信息—物理—社会系统与需求响应结合方面,分别分析需求响应的物理域、信息域和社会域基础,介绍相应的建模方法和研究内容。最后,对未来的研究展望进行讨论,包括市场考核机制、快速仿真与建模技术以及综合能源下的需求响应管理。

数字孪生驱动的悬臂式掘进机虚拟操控技术

针对悬臂式掘进机智能控制时面临的远程操控问题,结合数字孪生和虚拟仿真等技术,提出面向煤矿井下装备智能控制的“人—信息—物理系统”(HCPS)交互机制,实现掘进工作面物理空间与掘进信息虚拟空间的深度融合与交互;结合悬臂式掘进机模型,提出数字孪生驱动的悬臂式掘进机智能操控系统,从工况数据感知、数字孪生体构建、人—机—环交互3个方面实现地面虚拟掘进与井下实际掘进的深度融合;搭建悬臂式掘进机远程虚拟操控实验平台,以验证孪生数据驱动下的虚实同步等功能,截割轨迹跟踪测试表明,系统可实现掘进机虚实同步控制,截割头位置精度偏差小于40 mm,满足煤矿开采中巷道开拓的质量控制要求。基于数字孪生驱动和虚拟现实呈现的井下设备智能操控方法,在煤矿巷道可视化掘进系统和智能掘进机器人系统中应用效果良好,为煤矿井下综采综掘工作面设备的远程智能监测与控制提供了全新的思路,对促进工作面智能化系统发展重要的借鉴意义。

HCPS视角下智能制造的发展与研究

基于“以人为本”和“两化融合”的理念,人—信息—物理系统(HCPS)为认识和发展新一代智能制造提供了理论支撑。为了更好地理解HCPS和智能制造之间的关系,以及把握智能制造的发展趋势,详细分析了HCPS的系统组成与内涵,在此基础上,讨论了智能制造的发展演进和新一代智能制造的主要特征。基于HCPS视角综述了智能制造的相关研究进展,包括新一代人工智能、新一代智能制造、智能制造与其他系统融合等方面。最后,从人、信息系统、物理系统及系统集成等角度提出发展建议,以期为我国相关领域践行HCPS理念与发展智能制造技术提供参考。

三元融合智慧城市的发展趋势解读

智慧城市将形成信息维度、社会维度和物理维度三元融合发展趋势。这一论述来源于信息通信技术领域的认识,且广泛影响到信息通信技术领域、社会发展领域和城市空间规划领域。3个领域对智慧城市三元融合趋势具有共同的内涵解读,但关注重点并不相同。智慧城市三元融合趋势的论述可从两个方面来认识:一是这一趋势反映了技术哲学中“我—技术—世界”基本关系;二是城市规划建设始终处于“社会—技术—空间”相互作用的维度中,而智慧城市三元融合趋势则是城市发展演变的新阶段。总体上,这一趋势设想符合城市规划理论的发展规律,能够在规划历史脉络中得到解释。最后,从空间维、操作维和技术维3个向量提出基于三元融合趋势的智慧城市规划总体框架。

Integrated and Intelligent Manufacturing： Perspectives and Enablers

With ever-increasing market competition and advances in technology, more and more countries are prioritizing advanced manufacturing technology as their top priority for economic growth. Germany announced the Industry 4.0 strategy in 2013. The US government launched the Advanced Manufacturing Partnership （AMP） in 2011 and the National Network for Manufacturing Innovation （NNMI） in 2014. Most recently, the Manufacturing USA initiative was officially rolled out to further ＂leverage existing resources... to nurture manufacturing innovation and accelerate commercialization＂ by fostering close collaboration between industry, academia, and government partners. In 2015, the Chinese government officially published a 10- year plan and roadmap toward manufacturing： Made in China 2025. In all these national initiatives, the core technology development and implementation is in the area of advanced manufacturing systems. A new manufacturing paradigm is emerging, which can be characterized by two unique features： integrated manufacturing and intelligent manufacturing. This trend is in line with the progress of industrial revolutions, in which higher efficiency in production systems is being continuously pursued. To this end, 10 major technologies can be identified for the new manufacturing paradigm. This paper describes the rationales and needs for integrated and intelligent manufacturing （i2M） systems. Related technologies from different fields are also described. In particular, key technological enablers, such as the Intemet of Things and Services （IoTS）, cyber-physical systems （CPSs）, and cloud computing are discussed. Challenges are addressed with applica- tions that are based on commercially available platforms such as General Electric （GE）＇s Predix and PTC＇s ThingWorx.

ON FRACTAL MECHANISM OF COASTLINE-A Case Study of China

MANDELBROT enunciated the uncertainty of the length of a coastline in his paper"How long is the coastline of Britain?"published in "Science" in 1967. The fractal concept was presented for the first time in that paper and has been applied to many fields ever since. According to the fractal theory and conditions of fractal research of coastline,the controls of faults and biologic function on the fractal character of coastline are preliminarily discussed on the basis of GIS in this paper . Finally,some significant conclusions are drawn:1)the faults control the basic trends of coastlines of two study areas;2)the fractal dimension of coastline of Taiwan is smaller than that of Changle-Lufeng,because the faults of Taiwan more intensely control the trend and fractal dimension of the coastline;3)the larger the fractal dimension of the faults or the major faults,the more the controlling effect of them on the trend and fractal dimension of coastline; 4)the larger fractal dimension of the coastline of Changle-Lufeng indicates that the biologic function intensely shapes the coastline. In a word,the controls of faults and biologic function on the fractal character of coastline are discussed with a case study of China in this paper,it can be seen that faults and biologic function both have influence over the trend and fractal dimension of coastline,the fractal mechanism of coastline of two study areas may be so.

Second-Order Consensus of Multiple Agents with Coupling Delay

In this paper, we investigate two kinds of second-order consensus algorithms for multiple agents with coupling delay under general fixed directed information topology. Stability analysis is performed based on Lyapunov- Krasovskii functional method. Delay-dependent asymptotical stability condition in terms of linear matrix inequalities （LMIs） is derived for the second-order consensus algorithm of delayed dynamical networks. Both delay-independent and delay-dependent asymptotical stability conditions in terms of LMIs are derived for the second-order consensus algorithm with information feedback.

The built environment correlates of objectively measured physical activity in Norwegian adults:A cross-sectional study

Background: Built environments that are designed to provide accessible, attractive, and convenient locales promote regular physical activity(PA).Norway has great variability in its geographic, natural, and built environment features. Urban areas have well-developed built environment features, whereas the rural areas are less walkable and this may influence the mode of transport. In general, active transport is more common in urban centers. Further, public transportation is more developed in urban areas, whereas motorized transport may be more widespread in the rural areas. Despite this, in Sogn & Fjordane, a rural county in western Norway, high PA levels are frequently observed. Thus, the aims of this study were to(1) explore perceived built environment features and characterize their associations with objectively measured PA levels in Norwegian adults and(2) explore the differences in these correlates between Sogn & Fjordane and the rest of Norway.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants used questionnaires to rate perceptions of their built environments, and their PA was objectively measured for 7 consecutive days using the Acti Graph GT1 M accelerometer. There were 972 Norwegian adults who were included in the study. The average age was 46.9 ± 6.5 years and 43.8% of participants were men. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression.Results: Total PA and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) were both associated with perceived walkability, the community perception score, and active transport for commuting(all p ≤ 0.004). We also observed geographic-area-specific associations: the community perception score was negatively associated with total PA and MVPA in the rest of Norway(p ≤ 0.012) but not in Sogn & Fjordane. Public transport for commuting was positively associated with MVPA in Sogn & Fjordane(p = 0.03) but not in the rest of Norway.Conclusion: Total PA level and MVPA were associated with built environment factors, such as perceptions of community, perceived walkability,and engaging in active transport for commuting. Geographic differences in the PA correlates were observed, and thus, locally customized environmental population approaches aimed at increasing PA levels may be essential complements to individual behavior and lifestyle strategies.Further, objective measures of Norwegian built environments, such as geographic information system data, and validated walk-and bike-scores would advance the field.

Temporal consistency maintenance on multiprocessor platforms with instance skipping

Maintaining temporal consistency of real-time data is important for cyber-physical systems.Most of the previous studies focus on uniprocessor systems.In this paper,the problem of temporal consistency maintenance on multiprocessor platforms with instance skipping was formulated based on the(m,k)-constrained model.A partitioned scheduling method SC-AD was proposed to solve the problem.SC-AD uses a derived sufficient schedulability condition to calculate the initial value of m for each sensor transaction.It then partitions the transactions among the processors in a balanced way.To further reduce the average relative invalid time of real-time data,SC-AD judiciously increases the values of m for transactions assigned to each processor.Experiment results show that SC-AD outperforms the baseline methods in terms of the average relative invalid time and the average valid ratio under different system workloads.

Towards Understanding Paleosols in Southern Levantine Eolianites:Integration of Micromorphology,Environmental Magnetism and Mineralogy

The paper addresses the controversial question of the role of clay-sized dust in the formation of paleosols in coastal eolianites, Israel. At the Habonim type section, the pedocomplex dated by archaeology and luminescence to 45-135 ka ago shows at least three paleosols, not separated by non-soil sediments. The oldest reddish paleosol （apparently related to MIS 5） is magnetically enhanced, leached from carbonates, with signs of bioturbation and strongly aged clay coatings. The reddening is due to very fine, -20 nm, poorly crystallized, superparamagnetic （SP） hematite, as determined by Mossbauer studies. In subsoil, lithorelics of eolianite are found. Over time, the soil surface aggraded due to accelerated fine dust accumulation alongside local slope wash. On younger materials formed magnetically depleted vertisols, dominated by smectite-type expandable paramagnetic clays. In thin sections, vertisols exhibit strong stipple-speckled and striated b-fabric due to shrink-swell processes, impregnative calcite nodules and Fe-Mn redistribution. The uppermost hydric vertisol shows the strongest expression of juxtaposed features of recurrent calcite and Fe precipitation. This paleosol developed on colluvial soil materials, as evidenced by mixing of clay coated and uncoated grains of quartz and calcite allochems. M6ssbauer spectra show high amounts of Fe（III） incorporated in the clay structure, low amounts of SP goethite and absence of SP hematite. Whilst magnetic susceptibility drops in vertisols to minimal values, increase. The latter along ferrimagnetie grain sizes with differences in the hierarchy of microfabric features is taken as indication for lithologic discontinuities which may have resulted from continuous, albeit variable and low-intensity, input of eolian clay from both remote Saharan and local sources, roughly dated to the earlier to middle part of the Last Glacial.

Application research on three-dimensional virtual mine in the framework of internet of things

Based on the information system characteristics of mine, proposed network architecture design of the mine property. And in this framework based on the design of three-dimensional virtual mine described the application of intelligent management platform. Three-dimensional virtual underground mine that shows the situation, the core application is through remote monitoring system of information exchange between devices （material object communication）. Internet of things in the framework of mining three-dimensional virtual reconstruction of mine. On coal mine safety in the production process of human, machine and environment, control elements and their harmony and unity. 3D virtual mine management platform integrates personnel positioning, dust control, gas monitoring, roof pressure monitoring, fan-line monitoring and other subsystems. Platform through the underground mine sensing equipment to conduct various types of monitoring data integration, through the transport layer device to transmit the information to the application layer intelligence processing software platform, the system automatically handles the operational status of each subsystem and the need for safe production under the proper introduction of human factors deal with special event. 3D virtual mine management platform to mining, excavation, transport, ventilation and other safety information quickly and accurately transmitted to the ground operation control center. Underground for the first time on the linkage between systems in case of emergencies, to provide safety for management decision support.

The Development of a Geographic Information System （GIS） to Document Research in an Everglades Physical Model

The Loxahatchee Impoundment Landscape Assessment （LILA） facility is a unique physical model of the Everglades ecosystem. LILA has a closed-loop water delivery system and consists of four 0.08 square kilometer （-8 ha） macrocosms, created to be replicates of one another and of the Everglades landscape. Built in 2003, LILA＇s purpose is to provide scientists with an opportunity to design and implement research concerning Everglades restoration techniques in an accessible, controlled and replicated Everglades environment. Key Everglades habitats were sculpted within LILA： tree islands, ridges, sloughs and alligator holes. Water levels and flows in each macrocosm are controlled independently, so that researchers can study the effects of hydrology on Everglades landscape and ecology. Studies have focused upon measuring survival and growth of native trees planted on the tree islands; measuring surface water and ground water movement and chemistry; studying wading bird feeding and the movement of prey species （crayfish）; and measuring erosion and accretion on tree islands and ridges. We developed a Geographic Information System （GIS） data set to identify, characterize, and spatially reference the features of LILA and document research activities. This development included mapping the boundaries of the landscape features, creating a theoretical Digital Elevation Model （DEM） and describing the research projects being carried out. The creation of this GIS data set enhances the ability to schedule and coordinate research, assist scientists in the visualization and spatial representation of their research, and provide a resource for the storage, analysis and synthesis of valuable scientific information.

Information： From Philosophic to Physics Concepts for Informational Modeling of Consciousness

Information was a frequently used concept in many fields of investigation. However, this concept is still not really understood, when it is referred for instance to consciousness and its informational structure. In this paper it is followed the concept of information from philosophical to physics perspective, showing especially how this concept could be extended to matter in general and to the living in particular, as a result of the intimate interaction between matter and information, the human body appearing as a bipolar informed-matter structure. It is detailed on this way how this concept could be referred to consciousness, and an informational modeling of consciousness as an informational system of the human body is presented. Based on the anatomic architecture of the organism and on the inference of the specific information concepts, it is shown that the informational system of the human body could be described by seven informational subsystems, which are reflected in consciousness as corresponding cognitive centers. These results are able to explain the main properties of consciousness, both the cognitive and extra-cognitive properties of the mind, like that observed during the near-death experiences and other similar phenomena. Moreover, the results of such a modeling are compared with the existing empirical concepts and models on the energetic architecture of the organism, showing their relevance for the understanding of consciousness.

Landfill Site Selection in AI-Najaf Governorate, Iraq

Solid waste management aspect is one of the most important challenges facing the local administration in the Govemorate of Najaf. Therefore, this study aims to provide for solid waste management problem by choosing the best locations for the establishment of sanitary landfills in the governorate. In this study, GIS （geographic information system） and MCDA （multi-criteria decision analysis） were used based on 17 environmental, economic and geological criteria converted to input digital map layers. These were urban centres, cemetery, airports, electrical power lines, oil pipes, railways, roads, slope, historical sites, main rivers, industrial areas, religion sites, wells, military area, electrical power plants, nature reserves and national borders to select most importance sites in the govemorate. AHP （analytic hierarchy process） method was used in weighting the criteria used. All layers＇ maps were graded from 0 （not suitable） to 5 （most suitable） using spatial information scale then SAW （simple additive weighting） method was integrated in GIS used to calculate the suitability index for the studied area. The results indicated that 4.4% of the study region is suitable for landfill siting with grading values greater than 4.0. This included five sites distributed in three qadhaas of governorate.

Relative accuracy of spatial predictive models for lynx Lynx canadensis derived using logistic regression-AIC,multiple criteria evaluation and Bayesian approaches

We compared probability surfaces derived using one set of environmental variables in three Geographic Information Systems （GIS） -based approaches： logistic regression and Akaike＇s Information Criterion （AIC）, Multiple Criteria Evaluation （MCE）, and Bayesian Analysis （specifically Dempster-Shafer theory）. We used lynx Lynx canadensis as our focal species, and developed our environment relationship model using track data collected in Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada, during winters from 1997 to 2000. The accuracy of the three spatial models were compared using a contingency table method. We determined the percentage of cases in which both presence and absence points were correctly classified （overall accuracy）, the failure to predict a species where it occurred （omission error） and the prediction of presence where there was absence （commission error）. Our overall accuracy showed the logistic regression approach was the most accurate （74.51%）. The multiple criteria evaluation was intermediate （39.22%）, while the Dempster-Shafer （D-S） theory model was the poorest （29.90%）. However, omission and commission error tell us a different story： logistic regression had the lowest commission error, while D-S theory produced the lowest omission error. Our results provide evidence that habitat modellers should evaluate all three error measures when ascribing confidence in their model. We suggest that for our study area at least, the logistic regression model is optimal. However, where sample size is small or the species is very rare, it may also be useful to explore and/or use a more ecologically cautious modelling approach （e.g. Dempster-Shafer） that would over-predict, protect more sites, and thereby minimize the risk of missing critical habitat in conservation plans .