To solve the problem of energy transmission in the Internet of Things(IoTs),an energy transmission schedule over a Rayleigh fading channel in the energy harvesting system(EHS)with a dedicated energy source(ES)is consi...To solve the problem of energy transmission in the Internet of Things(IoTs),an energy transmission schedule over a Rayleigh fading channel in the energy harvesting system(EHS)with a dedicated energy source(ES)is considered.According to the channel state information(CSI)and the battery state,the charging duration of the battery is determined to jointly minimize the energy consumption of ES,the battery's deficit charges and overcharges during energy transmission.Then,the joint optimization problem is formulated using the weighted sum method.Using the ideas from the Q-learning algorithm,a Q-learning-based energy scheduling algorithm is proposed to solve this problem.Then,the Q-learning-based energy scheduling algorithm is compared with a constant strategy and an on-demand dynamic strategy in energy consumption,the battery's deficit charges and the battery's overcharges.The simulation results show that the proposed Q-learning-based energy scheduling algorithm can effectively improve the system stability in terms of the battery's deficit charges and overcharges.展开更多
This study aims to reveal the students＇ attitude towards the use of Information and Communication Technology （ICT） as learning English Media, to describe the level of their ability to use ICT, and to portray their ...This study aims to reveal the students＇ attitude towards the use of Information and Communication Technology （ICT） as learning English Media, to describe the level of their ability to use ICT, and to portray their difficulties to apply Internet at universities. This study used quantitative and qualitative （mixed） method which consisted of two data collection techniques： questionnaire and interview. Respondents total 153 students who responded to the questionnaire and participants interviewed were four students from two private universities in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. The findings show that students have positive attitude towards ICT use as media for learning English. The data analysis strengthens the results which indicate that Intemet as part oflCT functions helps students to elicit useful information. Of the 99.4% participants respond to the questionnaire which stated strongly agree or agree, its mean score is M = 4.69, and its standard deviation is SD = 0.50. The level of students＇ ability to apply ICT is good. Moreover, interview data indicates that students face two difficulties to apply ICT such as Intemet connection problems and ICT illiteracy. The former is regarding the Intemet facility given by the university. The latter deals with the students＇ incompetence in applying ICT because they have no Intemet use experience.展开更多
In this study the performance of an ASHPWH （air source heat pump water heater） is assessed from exergy point of view in component wise. In order to investigate the work potential of energy, the destruction on the ex...In this study the performance of an ASHPWH （air source heat pump water heater） is assessed from exergy point of view in component wise. In order to investigate the work potential of energy, the destruction on the exergy is analyzed and results are summarized for the components individually. The exergy destruction of the system is studied by considering real paths of the pressure and temperature data which are collected during the experiments of the ASHPWH under varying environmental conditions. In the following step, the evolution of the exergy destruction of the system is calculated by a code which is compiled on MATLAB along these temperature and pressure paths. The obtained results reveal the importance of the transient exergy analysis by providing detailed information about exergy destruction of the system such as where it drives up and reaches up to its max and where it drops down and evolves on a smooth path.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51608115).
文摘To solve the problem of energy transmission in the Internet of Things(IoTs),an energy transmission schedule over a Rayleigh fading channel in the energy harvesting system(EHS)with a dedicated energy source(ES)is considered.According to the channel state information(CSI)and the battery state,the charging duration of the battery is determined to jointly minimize the energy consumption of ES,the battery's deficit charges and overcharges during energy transmission.Then,the joint optimization problem is formulated using the weighted sum method.Using the ideas from the Q-learning algorithm,a Q-learning-based energy scheduling algorithm is proposed to solve this problem.Then,the Q-learning-based energy scheduling algorithm is compared with a constant strategy and an on-demand dynamic strategy in energy consumption,the battery's deficit charges and the battery's overcharges.The simulation results show that the proposed Q-learning-based energy scheduling algorithm can effectively improve the system stability in terms of the battery's deficit charges and overcharges.
文摘This study aims to reveal the students＇ attitude towards the use of Information and Communication Technology （ICT） as learning English Media, to describe the level of their ability to use ICT, and to portray their difficulties to apply Internet at universities. This study used quantitative and qualitative （mixed） method which consisted of two data collection techniques： questionnaire and interview. Respondents total 153 students who responded to the questionnaire and participants interviewed were four students from two private universities in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. The findings show that students have positive attitude towards ICT use as media for learning English. The data analysis strengthens the results which indicate that Intemet as part oflCT functions helps students to elicit useful information. Of the 99.4% participants respond to the questionnaire which stated strongly agree or agree, its mean score is M = 4.69, and its standard deviation is SD = 0.50. The level of students＇ ability to apply ICT is good. Moreover, interview data indicates that students face two difficulties to apply ICT such as Intemet connection problems and ICT illiteracy. The former is regarding the Intemet facility given by the university. The latter deals with the students＇ incompetence in applying ICT because they have no Intemet use experience.
文摘In this study the performance of an ASHPWH （air source heat pump water heater） is assessed from exergy point of view in component wise. In order to investigate the work potential of energy, the destruction on the exergy is analyzed and results are summarized for the components individually. The exergy destruction of the system is studied by considering real paths of the pressure and temperature data which are collected during the experiments of the ASHPWH under varying environmental conditions. In the following step, the evolution of the exergy destruction of the system is calculated by a code which is compiled on MATLAB along these temperature and pressure paths. The obtained results reveal the importance of the transient exergy analysis by providing detailed information about exergy destruction of the system such as where it drives up and reaches up to its max and where it drops down and evolves on a smooth path.
