信息遥感技术在矿山地质勘查中的具体运用

随着采矿事业不断发展,对矿山地质勘查工作也愈发注重,并紧跟时代发展步伐,将先进的勘查技术应用到其中,促使整个矿山地质勘查工作水平与质量得到提升。本文概述了信息遥感技术与矿山地质勘查的内涵和作用,对信息遥感技术在矿山地质勘查中的运用情况进行细致阐述,并围绕实际案例,从数据获取、波谱分析、信息成图等方面入手,详细探讨信息遥感技术在矿山地质勘查中的实践应用,以供参考。

信息遥感技术重要性及在矿山地质勘查中的应用实例

近年来,随着我国经济快速发展,国内对矿产资源的需求不断增加,使矿山开采的规模不断扩大,对矿山地质勘查工作提出了更加严格的要求.由于传统的测量技术已经无法满足矿山地质勘查工作的需要,因此,必须对其进行合理改变,借助信息遥感技术来提高工作效率及质量,这样能够保证勘查矿山地质的数据更加精确.文章主要围绕信息遥感技术的实际应用意义展开了系统的分析,并对其应用情况进行深入的探究.

探究信息遥感技术在地质工程勘查中的有效应用

随着信息技术手段的飞速发展,人民群众日常生产生活发生了巨大变化,科技创新与信息技术应用成为新时代背景下社会发展的主流趋势,在此期间遥感技术广泛应用于各领域之中,例如生态环境勘察、地质勘察等等,大幅度提升了工作质量和效率水平,节约了众多人为操作环节,减少工作人员的日常工作强度,同时也能全面减少勘察误差情况。基于此,本文结合具体案例,深入探究信息遥感技术在地质工程勘察中的有效应用,希望能够推进信息遥感技术应用水平的全面提高。

信息遥感技术在矿山地质勘查中的应用浅析

近年来,随着我国经济快速发展,国内对矿产资源的需求不断增加,使矿山开采的规模不断扩大,对矿山地质勘查工作提出了更加严格的要求。由于传统的测量技术已经无法满足矿山地质勘查工作的需要,因此必须对其进行合理改变,借助信息遥感技术来提高工作的效率及质量,使矿山地质勘查的精确性得到保障。因此,本文主要针对信息遥感技术在矿山地质勘查中的应用意义进行分析,进一步探究信息遥感技术在矿山地质勘查中的具体应用,以期能为相关工作人员提供一些可靠的参考依据。

南四湖区湿地信息遥感提取技术研究

利用遥感技术快速、定量地提取变化较快的湿地信息是重要的遥感研究内容之一;以南四湖区为试验区,利用TM数据,在对图像处理的基础上,根据该区各湿地类型及其它相关地类的光谱特征,提出了单红外阈值法与改进的监督分类相结合,分层提取湿地信息的技术方法,显示该区共有湿地14类,其中,自然湿地91 119.51hm2,人工湿地12 2243.13hm2。

基于信息遥感的矿山地质构造信息提取研究

传统的矿山地质构造信息提取方法无法发挥显著的作用,缺乏一定的可靠性,为此提出基于信息遥感的矿山地质构造信息提取方法.使用阈值分割方法和面向对象分类方法,确定矿山地质构造信息提取要素,在利用高程变化模型,实现对变化区域信息的提取.由此,完成基于信息遥感的矿山地质构造信息提取的研究.在实验中,采用数值对比的方式,对两种方法进行对比分析,实验结果表明,所提方法可靠性较高.

遥感蚀变信息提取在矿产结构发育探测过程中的应用

遥感已经成熟的运用于农业、环境、矿产等各个领域,对于地质,遥感提取蚀变信息,识别岩性、构造等发挥着重要的作用,它广阔的视野和对地表物体的真实反映给地质工作带来了宏观和更加直观的参考价值。本文主要以遥感数据为基础,主成分分析方法为主,对矿产结构发育中的蚀变信息进行了蚀变提取。根据蚀变信息在野外查证中发现一处矿脉,并以此作为工作区的矿产预测区。

Research advance in forest restoration on the burned blanks

How to restore the destroyed forest after forest fire is a key question that man must face. This paper reviewed the research situation and history on the forest restoration burned blanks and summed up the research methods used into four scales: seed-bank scale, community scale, ecosystem scale and landscape scale. The new technologies such as GIS & Remote Sensing used to vegetation restoration were also summarized. The strategies and developing trend of vegetation restoration research on burned blanks were discussed.

基于GIS和RS下的福建省生态环境综合评价

基于GIS和RS技术,生成了福建省生态环境各因子专题数据库,并基于层次分析法思想确立综合评价的三级分层次指标,在用主成分分析法确定各层次分解因子权重的基础上,计算综合指数来评价福建省生态环境质量.得出福建省各生态环境质量区在统计上呈偏正态分布,第四级区占全省总面积的72.53%,生态环境总体质量处于中等偏下状态,在空间格局上,优劣区呈相间分布态势,高值区在东部沿海相对集中,而中西部的山地陡坡带是低值分布区,这种格局与研究区基于地势自西向东呈马鞍形、地形条带分割为基础的水热分异和人类活动强度等有较强的关联性.

Generation of the data required by Conservation Model

Remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems offer a good means of collecting and manipulating the data required for assessing conservation practices. A method for automatic generation of most of the data required by the Agricultural Non point Source erosion model is developed from three sources:(1) file with contour lines from the topographic maps(TM), (2) soil mapping units from the soil surveys, and (3)land cover from land sat TM image classification.

Monitoring Land Use Dynamics in Chanthaburi Province of Thailand Using Digital Remotely Sensed Images

A comprehensive method of image classification was developed for monitoring land use dynamics in Chanthaburi Province of Tailand. RS (Remote Sensing), GIS (Geographical Information System), GPS (Global Positioning System) and ancillary data were combined by the method which adopts the main idea of classifying images by steps from decision tree method and the hybridized supervised and unsupervised classification. An integration of automatic image interpretation, ancillary materials and expert knowledge was realized. Two subscenes of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) images of bands 3, 4 and 5 obtained on December 15, 1992, and January 17, 1999, were used for image processing and spatial data analysis in the study. The overall accuracy of the results of classification reached 90%, which was verified by field check.Results showed that shrimp farm land, urban and traffic land, barren land, bush and agricultural developing area increased in area, mangrove, paddy field, swamp and marsh land, orchard and plantation, and tropical grass land decreased, and the forest land kept almost stable. Ecological analysis on the land use changes showed that more attentions should be paid on the effect of land development on ecological environment in the future land planning and management.

Automatic Road Change Detection and GIS Updating from High Spatial Remotely-Sensed Imagery

This paper presents a framework for road network change detection in order to update the Canadian National Topographic DataBase (NTDB). The methodology has been developed on the basis of road extraction from IRS\|pan images (with a 5.8 m spatial resolution) by using a wavelet approach. The feature matching and conflation techniques are used to road change detection and updating. Elementary experiments have showed that the proposed framework could be used for developing an operational road database updating system.

Spatial-Temporal Pattern and Driving Forces of Land Use Changes in Xiamen

Using Landsat TM data of 1988, 1998 and 2001, the dynamic process of the spatial-temporal characteristics of land use changes during 13 years from 1988 to 2001 in the special economic zone of Xiamen, China was analyzed to improve understanding and to find the driving forces of land use change so that sustainable land utilization could be practiced. During the 13 years cropland decreased remarkably by nearly 11304.95 ha. The areas of rural-urban construction and water body increased by 10 152.24 ha and 848.94 ha, respectively. From 1988 to 2001, 52.5% of the lost cropland was converted into rural-urban industrial land. Rapid urbanization contributed to a great change in the rate of cropland land use during these years. Land-reclamation also contributed to a decrease in water body area as well as marine ecological and environmental destruction. In the study area 1) urbanization and industrialization, 2) infrastructure and agricultural intensification, 3) increased affluence of the farming community, and 4) policy factors have driven the land use changes. Possible sustainable land use measures included construction of a land management system, land planning, development of potential land resources, new technology applications, and marine ecological and environmental protection.

Automatic Change Detection of Geo-spatial Data from Imagery

The problems and difficulty of current change detection techniques are presented. Then, according to whether image registration is done before change detection algorithms, the authors classify the change detection into two categories:the change detection after image registration and the change detection simultaneous with image registration. For the former, four topics including the change detection between new image and old image, the change detection between new image and old map, the change detection between new image/old image and old map, and the change detection between new multi-source images and old map/image are introduced. For the latter, three categories, i.e. the change detection between old DEM, DOM and new non-rectification image, the change detection between old DLG, DRG and new non-rectification image, and the 3D change detection between old 4D products and new multi-overlapped photos, are discussed.

Applications of RS, GIS and GPS technologies in research, inventory and management of wetlands in China

This paper introduces the state of waterlands in China and discribes the applications of Remote Sensing （RS）, Geographical Information System （G1S） and Global Positioning System （GPS） in wetland research, including land-coverclassification and change detection, wetland evolutionary processes, landscape-change analyses, channel migration, flood and wetlands resource monitoring and spatial quantitative analyses/modeling, ecosystem service evaluation, ecological processes and risk assessments, disease control, water quality monitoring/modeling, pollution monitoring/modeling, wetlands hydrology, wetland information systems and WebGIS. The limitations and needs for optimal use of these technologies are discussed, such as the limited advanced technical knowledge and skills, low awareness and capacity, unclear link between GIS output and policy making, lack of supporting policies and standards, lack of a wetlands geo-information networklimite, and the use of these techniques in wetland research. It is suggested that for realising true applications of RS, GIS and GPS technologies, the availability, accessibility, reliability, homogeneity, and continuity of wetlands-related geo-information enabling environment, policies and standards, and funding are needed.

A RBF classification method of remote sensing image based on genetic algorithm

The remote sensing image classification has stimulated considerable interest as an effective method for better retrieving information from the rapidly increasing large volume, complex and distributed satellite remote imaging data of large scale and cross-time, due to the increase of remote image quantities and image resolutions. In the paper, the genetic algorithms were employed to solve the weighting of the radial basis faction networks in order to improve the precision of remote sensing image classification. The remote sensing image classification was also introduced for the GIS spatial analysis and the spatial online analytical processing (OLAP), and the resulted effectiveness was demonstrated in the analysis of land utilization variation of Daqing city.

Retrieval of canopy biophysical variables from remote sensing data using contextual information

In order to improve the accuracy of biophysical parameters retrieved from remotely sensing data, a new algorithm was presented by using spatial contextual to estimate canopy variables from high-resolution remote sensing images. The developed algorithm was used for inversion of leaf area index (LAI) from Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data by combining with optimization method to minimize cost functions. The results show that the distribution of LAI is spatially consistent with the false composition imagery from ETM+ and the accuracy of LAI is significantly improved over the results retrieved by the conventional pixelwise retrieval methods, demonstrating that this method can be reliably used to integrate spatial contextual information for inverting LAI from high-resolution remote sensing images.

Spatio-temporal GIS Data Model Based on Event Semantics

There are mainly four kinds of models to record and deal with historical information. By taking them as reference, the spatio-temporal model based on event semantics is proposed. In this model, according to the way for describing an event, all the information are divided into five domains. This paper describes the model by using the land parcel change in the cadastral information system, and expounds the model by using five tables corresponding to the five domains. With the aid of this model, seven examples are given on historical query, trace back and recurrence. This model can be implemented either in the extended relational database or in the object-oriented database.

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS AND FRACTAL MODELING ON THE MOSAIC STRUCTURE OF LANDSCAPE IN THE CENTRAL AREA OF SHANGHAI METROPOLIS

The mosaic structure of landscape of the central area of Shanghai Metropolis is studied by quantitative methods of landscape ecology based on Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) in this paper. Firstly, landscapes are classified into eight categories: residential quarter, industrial quarter, road, other urban landscape, farmland, village and small town, on-building area, river and other water bodies (such as lake, etc.). Secondly, a GIS is designed and set up based on the remote sensing data and field investigation, and a digital map of landscape mosaic is made. Then the indexes of diversity, dominance, fragmentation and isolation, and fractal dimension of each type of landscape in different periods are calculated by using spatial analysis method of GIS. With reference to the calculated results, a series of relative issues are discussed.

STUDY ON EXTRACTING METHODS OF BURIED GEOLOGICAL INFORMATION IN HUAIBEI COAL FIELD

It is discussed features and tbe producing mechanism of buried geological information in geological, geophysical and remote sensing data in Huaibei coal field, and studied the methods extracting buried tectonic and igneous rock information from various geologicaI data using digital image processing techoiques.