信用效率与信用管理教育

信用是市场经济运行的前提与基础。信用的发展,是深深根植于现代市场经济发展规律中的,是人类社会经济进步的必然趋势。新经济彻底改变了传统的经济运行机制,改变了人们的生活方式和生活理念,提高了整个社会的运行效率和经济效益。信用在新经济发展中内涵丰富了,信用活动的内容与范围扩大了,现代信用具有了鲜明的时代特征。在新经济条件下,需要重新理解信用、认识信用。信用是当前我国建立和完善社会主义市场经济体制进程中的一个重大而又迫切的问题。我们必须从经济运行的规律上,从经济伦理和法制的建设上,认识信用在市场经济运行中的地位与作用,探索在我国发展信用,重建信用体系的有效途径。

信用结构与信用效率——兼析我国信用效率不足的原因

一、前言 (一)制度创新的根本导因是:“当在现有的制度结构下,由外部性、规模经济、风险和交易费用所引起的收入的潜在增加不能内在化时,一种新制度的创新可能允许获取这些潜在收入的增加。”诺斯教授的这一制度创新理论,有一个重要隐含前提是现存制度运行达到最高效率,以致于当出现潜在利润时只能通过制度创新获得。这一前提在完全充分的市场经济条件下可以满足(后文将给出证明)。

农村信用社经营效率的内容和方法以及影响因素分析

农村信用社是我国农村金融体系的重要组成部分，发挥着促进我国农业经济发展的重要作用，能够为农户扩大生产规模和提高农业科技含量提供重要的支持，同时，农村信用社的经营效率也能够直接影响我国农业生产总值的变化。本文主要对我国农村信用社经营效率的评价内容和方法进行了探讨，分析了影响农村信用社经营效率的主要因素。

中国政府行政管理体制改革目标刍议

中国政府的行政管理体制要尽快从传统计划经济体制下形成的"万能政府"和人治思想的束缚中解放出来,真正树立起责任政府、法制政府和信用政府的理念,使政府公共管理走上依法行政、以民为本、注重效率的良性发展轨道。

Spectral and Energy Efficiency of Downlink MU-MIMO Systems with MRT

This paper studies the achievable spectral efficiency(SE)of downlink multiuser multiple-input-multiple-output(MIMO)system,where the base station(BS)is deployed an arbitrary finite antenna number and communicates simultaneously with many users. We assume that the BS has accurate channel state information(CSI)and adopt maximum ratio transmission(MRT)precoding. An accurate analytical result for the achievable SE is obtained. Based on the analytical result on the achievable SE,we further study the achievable energy efficiency(EE)of multiuser MIMO system by considering an energy consumption model. Results indicate that the increasing number of BS antennas can boost the achievable SE of system,whilst the achievable SE tends to a saturated rate in the high signal-tonoise ratios(SNR)regime. Furthermore,an important conclusion is that the increasing number of users is beneficial for the achievable EE and there is an optimal antenna number to maximize the EE of system.

Broadband ＆ Digital Content-Couple Subscriber Cooperative Relaying Networks for Uplink Transmission using Hierarchical Game Approach

Cooperation allows wireless network users to benefit from various gains such as an in- crease in the achieved rate or an improvement in the bit error rate. In the paper, we propose a distributed Hierarchical Game （HG） theoretic framework over multi-user cooperative communication networks to stimulate cooperation and improve the network performance. First, we study a two- user decision making game in the OFDMA based subscriber cooperative relaying network, in which subscribers transmit their own data in the first phase, while helping to retransmit their partner＇s or choosing to freeride in the second phase. Instead of consulting to a global optimal solution, we decouple the cooperation resource allocation into two level subproblems： a user level Nash game for distributed cooperation decision and a Base Station （BS） level coalition game for centralized resource allocation. In the proposed HG algorithm, where mutual cooperation is preferred and total payoff is transferable, we prove it converges to a unique optimal equilibrium and resolve the subcarrier as-signment and power allocation among the couples. Besides, we discuss the existence of the publishing and rewarding coefficients in order to encourage cooperation. Then, we extend the HG to multi-user cases by coupling among subscribers according to the location information. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme with the distributed HG game achieves a well tradeoff between fairness and efficiency by improving the transmission efficiency of adverse users and outperforms those employing centralized schemes.

Achieving Efficient Channel Utilization for Data Communications in IEEE 802.11 WLAN

In the IEEE g02. 11 protocol, the adoption of the exponential backoff technique leads to throughput performance strongly dependent on the initial contention window size and, most importantly, on the number of contending stations considered in the network. This paper proposes a simple but accurate method to dynamically estimate the number of contending stations in a wireless local area network （ WLAN ）. Based on estimation, all the mobile stations dynamically adjust the initial contention window in medium access control （ MAC ） layer to avoid collisions. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve efficient channel utilization, higher system throughput, and better fairness performance.

HUFFMAN-BASED GROUP KEY ESTABLISHMENT SCHEME WITH LOCATION-AWARE

Time efficiency of key establishment and update is one of the major problems contributory key managements strive to address.To achieve better time efficiency in key establishment,we propose a Location-based Huffman(L-Huffman) scheme.First,users are separated into several small groups to minimize communication cost when they are distributed over large networks.Second,both user's computation difference and message transmission delay are taken into consideration when Huffman coding is employed to forming the optimal key tree.Third,the combined weights in Huffman tree are located in a higher place of the key tree to reduce the variance of the average key generation time and minimize the longest key generation time.Simulations demonstrate that L-Huffman has much better performance in wide area networks and is a little better in local area network than Huffman scheme.

政府信用解析

本文在梳理与条陈政府信用内涵的基础上,对政府信用的构成要素进行了二级分解和阐释。政府信用的一级构成要素是制度信用、程序信用、权力信用、效率信用,各个一级构成要素又细分为多个二级要素。制度性质的正义性、制定的及时性和贯彻的实效性是制度信用的分解因;程序信用包括行政决策的科学化、政务信息的公开化、行政责任监督的民主化;权力信用分解为政府权限的“正位”、权力约束的法制化、权力威力的内化;服务和法治的行政管理理念、机构设置的合理化、办事规程的简化、承诺服务的细化是效率信用的构成要素。