Against the background that the central government is strengthening macro control and tightening credit scale of real estate businesses, financing capacity becomes the determinant for a real estate enterprise's devel...Against the background that the central government is strengthening macro control and tightening credit scale of real estate businesses, financing capacity becomes the determinant for a real estate enterprise's development. Domestic enterprises have many ways of financing, and this paper describes ten common models, simply analyses the advantages and disadvantages of each model, while explains and recommends three financing models with practical examples: individual entrusted loan, trust financing and assets securitization.展开更多
This article uses discriminant sampling method to select 1062 small and micro enterprises from 25 provinces in China. Researches were conducted on their credit demand and credit behavior, with the Probit model to carr...This article uses discriminant sampling method to select 1062 small and micro enterprises from 25 provinces in China. Researches were conducted on their credit demand and credit behavior, with the Probit model to carry out metrologic tests on influential factors of these enterprises' credit demand and credit behavior.The metrologic analysis shows: Literacy level of leader, asset size, annual revenue of the enterprises have significantly positive effects on the credit demand of these small and micro enterprises. Annual revenue has significantly negative influence on overall credit behavior and the occurrence of informal financial behavior, but significantly positive influence on the occurrence of formal financial behavior. Literacy level of staff and asset size of enterprises have significantly positive influence on the occurrence of the overall credit behavior of small and micro enterprises.展开更多
Efforts to preserve the cultural heritage are manifestation to represent the work of the ancestors of the past so that people can now take advantage of in accordance with destining. There are at least four major aspec...Efforts to preserve the cultural heritage are manifestation to represent the work of the ancestors of the past so that people can now take advantage of in accordance with destining. There are at least four major aspects of a cultural heritage can be appreciated to the public, as art, as an economic resource (for tourism and improve the welfare of the people in the region), as a source of information as knowledge and social fulfillment. This study aims to determine: (1) acceleration factors in the improvement of social welfare Sangiran; and (2) modernization of infrastructure and the role of maximum revenue acceleration in accelerating improvements in public welfare in the Sangiran with the integrated approach of the factors increasing human development, community empowerment, provision of credit banking and employment opportunities. This research is a survey of the Sangiran area using data collection methods of documentation, interviews, and questionnaires. The population in this study is people in the Sangiran region, Central Java. This study uses cluster sampling with sampling. Cluster sampling is a probability sampling extracted by certain groups with similar characteristics. In this study, samples were grouped according to the residence of respondents. The sample used in this study was 500 respondents. The analysis technique used is structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of this study show that: (1) the factors of human development, community empowerment, access to bank credit and employment opportunities to accelerate the improvement of social welfare in the Sangiran area; and (2) the acceleration of the increase in welfare Sangiran region can be achieved by an integrated approach of the factors increasing human development, community empowerment, bank lending and increase employment opportunities through increased infrastructure modernization and maximum income.展开更多
This study examines econometric relationships between bank lending and the business cycle in Turkey. Firstly, the cyclical components of the real GDP and real bank loans were determined using time series. A cointegrat...This study examines econometric relationships between bank lending and the business cycle in Turkey. Firstly, the cyclical components of the real GDP and real bank loans were determined using time series. A cointegration analysis and a vector error-correction model with quarterly data were used for period of 1987:01-2013:03. The results of cointegration analysis indicate that there is a single stable long-run equilibrium relationship between real bank loans and macroeconomic variables. The response of bank loans to GDP shocks is positive. Bank loans have pro-cyclical character in Turkey.展开更多
Credit scoring models are quantitative models used commonly by financial institutions in the measurement and forecasting of credit risk, having a consolidated use in the process of credit concession of these instituti...Credit scoring models are quantitative models used commonly by financial institutions in the measurement and forecasting of credit risk, having a consolidated use in the process of credit concession of these institutions. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the possibility of application of credit scoring models in a microcredit institution named Fundo Rotativo de A~~o da Cidadania--Cred Cidadania (Revolving Fund of Citizenship Action--Cred Cidadania), located in Recife (Brazil). In order to do this, data related to a sample of clients of the Cred Cidadania was collected, and this data was used to develop two types of credit scoring models: one is credit approval, another is called behavioral scoring. The statistical technique applied in the construction of the models was logistic regression. The results of the study demonstrated that the credit scoring models obtain satisfactory performance when used in the analysis of credit risk in the Cred Cidadania microcredit institution, reaching a correct client classification percentile of about 80%. The results also indicate that the use of credit scoring models supplies subsidies to the institution, aiding it in the prevention and reduction of insolvency and in the decrease of its operational costs, two problems that affect their financial sustainability.展开更多
There have been investigated empirically the influence of macroeconomic and real estate market variables on the level of non-performing loans in the Baltic States. A secondary goal was to analyze the effect of constan...There have been investigated empirically the influence of macroeconomic and real estate market variables on the level of non-performing loans in the Baltic States. A secondary goal was to analyze the effect of constant loan portfolio growth on the level of non-performing loans in mentioned countries and to define the type of influence of the variables (i.e., long-term or short-term). The research indicates that all variables except the growth rate of the real estate market (RRE) have long-term influence on the level of non-performing loans. RRE has short-term influence and variables influence is associated with the development of another variables. The influence of RRE played an important role, but it was not as crucial as it has been previously assumed. If a respective credit risk management is applied, the influence of RRE is to be eliminated. The research results indicate that the most significant reason for the growth of non-performing loans for the Baltic States presented by rapid growth of aggregated loan portfolio and unemployment rate. The increasing influence of rapid loan portfolio growth proves the assumption that banks' credit risk management policies underestimated the changes in the macroeconomic variables during the analyzed period. The changes in the real GDP had initial influence on the economic situation deterioration for Baltic States.展开更多
文摘Against the background that the central government is strengthening macro control and tightening credit scale of real estate businesses, financing capacity becomes the determinant for a real estate enterprise's development. Domestic enterprises have many ways of financing, and this paper describes ten common models, simply analyses the advantages and disadvantages of each model, while explains and recommends three financing models with practical examples: individual entrusted loan, trust financing and assets securitization.
基金subsidized by Ministry of Education Humanities and Social Sciences Planning Fund(11YJA790146) "Coordinated Development of Urban and Rural Finance Research in Dual Economic Structure"Southwestern University Research Funds for the Central Universities Special Funds for Basic Items(SWU1009002) "Coordinated Development of Theoretical Research in Dual Economic Structure in Rural Finance"+1 种基金Chongqing talents project "Chongqing Urban and Rural Finance Coordination development Research"National Social Science Fund Project (12CJY062) "Construction of Rural Supporting Financial Systems and Innovation Research",national Social Science Fund Project(10BJY082) "Rural Microfinance Institutions Innovation and Risk Control Study" and "Statistics First-level Discipline and Doctoral Discipline Construction Funds in Southwestern University"
文摘This article uses discriminant sampling method to select 1062 small and micro enterprises from 25 provinces in China. Researches were conducted on their credit demand and credit behavior, with the Probit model to carry out metrologic tests on influential factors of these enterprises' credit demand and credit behavior.The metrologic analysis shows: Literacy level of leader, asset size, annual revenue of the enterprises have significantly positive effects on the credit demand of these small and micro enterprises. Annual revenue has significantly negative influence on overall credit behavior and the occurrence of informal financial behavior, but significantly positive influence on the occurrence of formal financial behavior. Literacy level of staff and asset size of enterprises have significantly positive influence on the occurrence of the overall credit behavior of small and micro enterprises.
文摘Efforts to preserve the cultural heritage are manifestation to represent the work of the ancestors of the past so that people can now take advantage of in accordance with destining. There are at least four major aspects of a cultural heritage can be appreciated to the public, as art, as an economic resource (for tourism and improve the welfare of the people in the region), as a source of information as knowledge and social fulfillment. This study aims to determine: (1) acceleration factors in the improvement of social welfare Sangiran; and (2) modernization of infrastructure and the role of maximum revenue acceleration in accelerating improvements in public welfare in the Sangiran with the integrated approach of the factors increasing human development, community empowerment, provision of credit banking and employment opportunities. This research is a survey of the Sangiran area using data collection methods of documentation, interviews, and questionnaires. The population in this study is people in the Sangiran region, Central Java. This study uses cluster sampling with sampling. Cluster sampling is a probability sampling extracted by certain groups with similar characteristics. In this study, samples were grouped according to the residence of respondents. The sample used in this study was 500 respondents. The analysis technique used is structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of this study show that: (1) the factors of human development, community empowerment, access to bank credit and employment opportunities to accelerate the improvement of social welfare in the Sangiran area; and (2) the acceleration of the increase in welfare Sangiran region can be achieved by an integrated approach of the factors increasing human development, community empowerment, bank lending and increase employment opportunities through increased infrastructure modernization and maximum income.
文摘This study examines econometric relationships between bank lending and the business cycle in Turkey. Firstly, the cyclical components of the real GDP and real bank loans were determined using time series. A cointegration analysis and a vector error-correction model with quarterly data were used for period of 1987:01-2013:03. The results of cointegration analysis indicate that there is a single stable long-run equilibrium relationship between real bank loans and macroeconomic variables. The response of bank loans to GDP shocks is positive. Bank loans have pro-cyclical character in Turkey.
文摘Credit scoring models are quantitative models used commonly by financial institutions in the measurement and forecasting of credit risk, having a consolidated use in the process of credit concession of these institutions. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the possibility of application of credit scoring models in a microcredit institution named Fundo Rotativo de A~~o da Cidadania--Cred Cidadania (Revolving Fund of Citizenship Action--Cred Cidadania), located in Recife (Brazil). In order to do this, data related to a sample of clients of the Cred Cidadania was collected, and this data was used to develop two types of credit scoring models: one is credit approval, another is called behavioral scoring. The statistical technique applied in the construction of the models was logistic regression. The results of the study demonstrated that the credit scoring models obtain satisfactory performance when used in the analysis of credit risk in the Cred Cidadania microcredit institution, reaching a correct client classification percentile of about 80%. The results also indicate that the use of credit scoring models supplies subsidies to the institution, aiding it in the prevention and reduction of insolvency and in the decrease of its operational costs, two problems that affect their financial sustainability.
文摘There have been investigated empirically the influence of macroeconomic and real estate market variables on the level of non-performing loans in the Baltic States. A secondary goal was to analyze the effect of constant loan portfolio growth on the level of non-performing loans in mentioned countries and to define the type of influence of the variables (i.e., long-term or short-term). The research indicates that all variables except the growth rate of the real estate market (RRE) have long-term influence on the level of non-performing loans. RRE has short-term influence and variables influence is associated with the development of another variables. The influence of RRE played an important role, but it was not as crucial as it has been previously assumed. If a respective credit risk management is applied, the influence of RRE is to be eliminated. The research results indicate that the most significant reason for the growth of non-performing loans for the Baltic States presented by rapid growth of aggregated loan portfolio and unemployment rate. The increasing influence of rapid loan portfolio growth proves the assumption that banks' credit risk management policies underestimated the changes in the macroeconomic variables during the analyzed period. The changes in the real GDP had initial influence on the economic situation deterioration for Baltic States.