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考虑消费者异质性的绿色供应链消费信贷策略 被引量:1
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作者 林志炳 李钰雯 《计算机集成制造系统》 EI CSCD 北大核心 2023年第5期1720-1730,共11页
为了探究消费信贷对缓解消费者资金压力、提高绿色产品需求的作用,在考虑消费者对消费信贷具有异质性偏好的基础上,针对一个由单制造商和单零售商组成的绿色供应链,构建了立即支付(N策略)、银行提供消费信贷(BF策略),以及零售商提供消... 为了探究消费信贷对缓解消费者资金压力、提高绿色产品需求的作用,在考虑消费者对消费信贷具有异质性偏好的基础上,针对一个由单制造商和单零售商组成的绿色供应链,构建了立即支付(N策略)、银行提供消费信贷(BF策略),以及零售商提供消费信贷(RF策略)3种策略下的Stackelberg模型,研究渠道成员的最优消费信贷策略。研究表明:①制造商的绿色投资行为有助于消费者获得更优惠的信贷费率;②RF策略下零售商将设置最高信贷费率并降低零售价格,而这对渠道成员和消费者都是有利的;③当消费者资金约束程度较低时,N策略是渠道成员的最优策略。否则,两种消费信贷策略更优。具体而言,若消费信贷费率上限较高,RF策略为渠道成员的最优策略;反之,BF策略最优。在此基础上,将模型拓展到混合策略,通过数值分析,探讨了立即支付接受程度和信贷周期对渠道成员信贷策略偏好的影响。结果表明,在一定条件下,消费信贷对提高绿色产品市场需求及渠道成员利润都有利。 展开更多
关键词 消费信贷策略 消费者异质性 绿色供应链 信贷费率
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Determination of Credit Risk Charges for Malaysian Life Insurance Industry: An Application of Default Probability
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作者 Norhana Abd Rahim Fauziah Hanim Tafri 《Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing》 2012年第3期435-444,共10页
The objective of this paper is to measure the risk charge for credit risk as one of the components in the risk based capital of the capital adequacy framework. Currently, the risk charge for credit risk is measured by... The objective of this paper is to measure the risk charge for credit risk as one of the components in the risk based capital of the capital adequacy framework. Currently, the risk charge for credit risk is measured by referring it to the credit rating of a company. Following the subprime crisis in 2007, the markets start to question the soundness of the credit rating issued as it has resulted in an inadequate risk charge. Therefore, this study attempts to determine the risk charge for credit risk using the probability of default (PD) for life insurers in Malaysia. The credit risk has been categorized into several types of debt obligations. Whereby, the KMV-Merton model has been used to measure the distance to default and estimate the probability of default. The estimation of default probability is based on the movement in the price index of several debt obligations. The price index of debt obligations from year 2004 to 2009 is collected inclusive of the subprime crisis period during the crisis period. Therefore, Malaysia insurance industry is The results found that the risk charges are lower not affected by the subprime crisis in 2007. 展开更多
关键词 credit risk risk charge probability of default (PD) KMV-Merton
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