通信中的正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)技术具有频带利用率高、抗多径衰落强等优点,但是OFDM通信存在高峰值平均功率比(Peak to Average Power Ratio,PAPR)的问题,如果不加抑制,在输出时会导致信号失...通信中的正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)技术具有频带利用率高、抗多径衰落强等优点,但是OFDM通信存在高峰值平均功率比(Peak to Average Power Ratio,PAPR)的问题,如果不加抑制,在输出时会导致信号失真,降低通信效率。提出了一种通过给OFDM符号不同信道的导频和信号添加固定相位偏移因子来抑制发射信号PAPR的方法。首先介绍了信道相位偏移因子的添加方法和解调过程,其次仿真分析表明随机产生的相位偏移因子可以将任意传输信号的PAPR抑制在小于11 dB的水平。此技术不需要消耗额外带宽和计算资源,且对系统的误码率几乎没有影响。最后采样低成本的功放和声源作为发射换能器,用光纤水听器作为接收换能器进行实际通信试验,验证了该方法的有效性。展开更多
Cytokines are indispensable signals of the mucosaassociated immune system for maintaining normal gut homeostasis.An imbalance of their profile in favour of inflammation initiation may lead to disease states,such as th...Cytokines are indispensable signals of the mucosaassociated immune system for maintaining normal gut homeostasis.An imbalance of their profile in favour of inflammation initiation may lead to disease states,such as that is observed in inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD).Although Crohn's disease(CD) is often described as a prototype of T-helper 1-type diseases,and ulcerative colitis(UC) is traditionally viewed as a T-helper 2-mediated condition,the classic paradigm,which categorises cytokines into pro-and anti-inflammatory groups,has recently been changed.The inflammation regulatory pathways may not be mutually exclusive as individual cytokines can have diverse and even opposing functions in various clinical and immunological settings.None the less there are many common immunological responses in IBD that are mediated by cytokines.Although they regulate and influence the development,course and recurrence of the inflammatory process,the concrete pathogenic role of these small signaling molecules is sometimes not unambiguous in the subtypes of the disease.Our aim is to review the current information about pro-and anti-inflammatory effects of traditionally studied and recently discovered cytokines in the pathogenesis of UC and CD.The better understanding of their production and functional activity may lead to the development of new therapeutic modalities.展开更多
文摘通信中的正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)技术具有频带利用率高、抗多径衰落强等优点,但是OFDM通信存在高峰值平均功率比(Peak to Average Power Ratio,PAPR)的问题,如果不加抑制,在输出时会导致信号失真,降低通信效率。提出了一种通过给OFDM符号不同信道的导频和信号添加固定相位偏移因子来抑制发射信号PAPR的方法。首先介绍了信道相位偏移因子的添加方法和解调过程,其次仿真分析表明随机产生的相位偏移因子可以将任意传输信号的PAPR抑制在小于11 dB的水平。此技术不需要消耗额外带宽和计算资源,且对系统的误码率几乎没有影响。最后采样低成本的功放和声源作为发射换能器,用光纤水听器作为接收换能器进行实际通信试验,验证了该方法的有效性。
文摘Cytokines are indispensable signals of the mucosaassociated immune system for maintaining normal gut homeostasis.An imbalance of their profile in favour of inflammation initiation may lead to disease states,such as that is observed in inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD).Although Crohn's disease(CD) is often described as a prototype of T-helper 1-type diseases,and ulcerative colitis(UC) is traditionally viewed as a T-helper 2-mediated condition,the classic paradigm,which categorises cytokines into pro-and anti-inflammatory groups,has recently been changed.The inflammation regulatory pathways may not be mutually exclusive as individual cytokines can have diverse and even opposing functions in various clinical and immunological settings.None the less there are many common immunological responses in IBD that are mediated by cytokines.Although they regulate and influence the development,course and recurrence of the inflammatory process,the concrete pathogenic role of these small signaling molecules is sometimes not unambiguous in the subtypes of the disease.Our aim is to review the current information about pro-and anti-inflammatory effects of traditionally studied and recently discovered cytokines in the pathogenesis of UC and CD.The better understanding of their production and functional activity may lead to the development of new therapeutic modalities.
