This paper introduces the idea of a framework for the implementation of novel downhole probes. A couple of examples （e.g. a tracer detector, a casing smear test probe or a casing repair probe） demonstrate that many ...This paper introduces the idea of a framework for the implementation of novel downhole probes. A couple of examples （e.g. a tracer detector, a casing smear test probe or a casing repair probe） demonstrate that many components can be reused. These are the ＂bricks＂ of the ZWERG toolkit which is developed to match the environment in boreholes. Two ＂bricks＂ are described in detail： The housing （1） has to resist the pressure and other mechanical stress in deep holes. The selection of the material and the calculation of the wall thickness are the main interests. In many applications, a thermal management （2） of the inside of the probe is absolutely necessary. A dewar vessel can uncouple the heat of the geothermal reservoir and the temperature in the probe. It is important to understand the physical heat flow mechanisms. A set of formulas allows a good estimation of the quantity of heat that warms up the probe. The toolkit contains some immaterial ＂bricks＂ like blueprints of proven designs or support for the logistic process of finding and purchasing compatible components. The intention to drill near magma chambers calls for a common eflbrt of the geothermal community to gather compatible components, assemblies and knowhow and makes it widely available. ZWERG could be a starting point.展开更多
Quality degradation occurs during transmission of video streaming over the error-prone network. By jointly using redundant slice, reference frame selection, and intra/inters mode decision, a content and end-to-end rat...Quality degradation occurs during transmission of video streaming over the error-prone network. By jointly using redundant slice, reference frame selection, and intra/inters mode decision, a content and end-to-end rate-distortion based error resilience method is proposed. Firstly, the intra/inter mode decision is implemented using macro-block(MB) refresh, and then redundant picture and reference frame selection are utilized together to realize the redundant coding. The estimated error propagation distortion and bit consumption of refresh MB are used for the mode and reference frame decision of refresh MB. Secondly, by analyzing the statistical property in the successive frames, the error propagation distortion and bit consumption are formulated as a function of temporal distance. Encoding parameters of the current frame is determined by the estimated error propagation distortion and bit consumption. Thirdly, by comparing the rate-distortion cost of different combinations, proper selection of error resilience method is performed before the encoding process of the current frame. Finally, the MB mode and bit distribution of the primary picture are analyzed for the derivation of the texture information. The motion information is subsequently incorporated for the calculation of video content complexity to implement the content based redundant coding. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves significant performance gains over the LA-RDO and HRP method when video is transmitted over error-prone channel.展开更多
文摘This paper introduces the idea of a framework for the implementation of novel downhole probes. A couple of examples （e.g. a tracer detector, a casing smear test probe or a casing repair probe） demonstrate that many components can be reused. These are the ＂bricks＂ of the ZWERG toolkit which is developed to match the environment in boreholes. Two ＂bricks＂ are described in detail： The housing （1） has to resist the pressure and other mechanical stress in deep holes. The selection of the material and the calculation of the wall thickness are the main interests. In many applications, a thermal management （2） of the inside of the probe is absolutely necessary. A dewar vessel can uncouple the heat of the geothermal reservoir and the temperature in the probe. It is important to understand the physical heat flow mechanisms. A set of formulas allows a good estimation of the quantity of heat that warms up the probe. The toolkit contains some immaterial ＂bricks＂ like blueprints of proven designs or support for the logistic process of finding and purchasing compatible components. The intention to drill near magma chambers calls for a common eflbrt of the geothermal community to gather compatible components, assemblies and knowhow and makes it widely available. ZWERG could be a starting point.
基金Project(40927001)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2011R09021-06)supported by the Program of Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Team of Zhejiang Province,ChinaProject supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China
文摘Quality degradation occurs during transmission of video streaming over the error-prone network. By jointly using redundant slice, reference frame selection, and intra/inters mode decision, a content and end-to-end rate-distortion based error resilience method is proposed. Firstly, the intra/inter mode decision is implemented using macro-block(MB) refresh, and then redundant picture and reference frame selection are utilized together to realize the redundant coding. The estimated error propagation distortion and bit consumption of refresh MB are used for the mode and reference frame decision of refresh MB. Secondly, by analyzing the statistical property in the successive frames, the error propagation distortion and bit consumption are formulated as a function of temporal distance. Encoding parameters of the current frame is determined by the estimated error propagation distortion and bit consumption. Thirdly, by comparing the rate-distortion cost of different combinations, proper selection of error resilience method is performed before the encoding process of the current frame. Finally, the MB mode and bit distribution of the primary picture are analyzed for the derivation of the texture information. The motion information is subsequently incorporated for the calculation of video content complexity to implement the content based redundant coding. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves significant performance gains over the LA-RDO and HRP method when video is transmitted over error-prone channel.
