Most warranty cost models based on preventive maintenance operations are assumed that products improve at each preventive maintenance （PM） operation and the failure rate is reduced to the failure rate of new product...Most warranty cost models based on preventive maintenance operations are assumed that products improve at each preventive maintenance （PM） operation and the failure rate is reduced to the failure rate of new products or to some specified level. To make warranty cost models more suitable to real operations, a modeling method of the PM warranty cost was proposed with the situation where each PM operation slowed the rate of product degradation. A warranty cost model was built on PM operations. On the basis of the cost model, both without and with reliability limit PM warranty policy, algorithms were presented to derive the optimal PM number and the optimal PM interval with an objective of minimizing expected total warranty cost over a t＇mite warranty period. Finally, to demonstrate the feasibility of the presented modeling method, Weibuil distribution cases were tested by numerical simulations. The simulation results indicate that the proposed modeling method is feasible and valid for resolving the optimal solution of the product warranty cost.展开更多
Quentin Skinner＇s work since his turn to rhetoric has not been extensively discussed. My thesis is that with this turn Skinner has invented another novelty in the study of political thought, by including the analysis...Quentin Skinner＇s work since his turn to rhetoric has not been extensively discussed. My thesis is that with this turn Skinner has invented another novelty in the study of political thought, by including the analysis of the rhetoric of debating pro et contra among political agents as sources of political thought. The exemplary institution for such debates is the Westminster Parliament, and Skinner extends the analysis of the rhetorical culture of English Renaissance to studies on parliamentary debates. Here I am first comparing Skinner＇s The Foundations of Modern Political Thought and Reason and Rhetoric in the Philosophy of Hobbes in their relationship to rhetoric. Subsequently I discuss Skinner＇s comments on English parliamentary debates, including his recommendation to read Hobbes＇s Leviathan ＂as a speech in Parliament.＂ Reason and Rhetoric has inspired valuable studies on English Renaissance political rhetoric, shortly discussed here. For the understanding of the distinct parliamentary variety of deliberative rhetoric, I refer to the formation of a specific parliamentary procedure and to procedural tracts from sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Westminster, which among others create a parliamentary vocabulary and rules for conducting and regulating parliamentary debates. The parliamentary procedure institutionalizes the principle of in utramque partem disputare, central in Skinner＇s rhetorical studies. By this manner we can re-activate the link between political thought and parliamentary studies as well as explicate a dissensual alternative to Jiirgen Habermas＇s views on the political thought studies and parliamentary debates.展开更多
This paper explores the shift in the attitudes of building developer/owners to the incorporation of sustainability measures into office building renovations in New Zealand over the last 7 years, through a series of in...This paper explores the shift in the attitudes of building developer/owners to the incorporation of sustainability measures into office building renovations in New Zealand over the last 7 years, through a series of interviews with a wide range of key industry players and the study of three seminal case study examples. The interviewees uniformly considered that there had been a rapid increase in interest in the green renovation of existing buildings during the period under consideration, due mainly to strong leadership by central government. Significant differences in attitudes to green renovation emerged between the various groups as to whether, and on what terms such developments were likely to occur. The move to green building solutions seems to have continued in New Zealand, despite the world financial crisis and central government＇s abrogation of its leadership role being replaced by rising tenant expectations and the need for building owners to let their premises in a more competitive leasing environment. The change in attitudes demonstrated is profound. In the earliest of the case study buildings, started on site in 2004, no consideration is given by the developer, owner or design team to sustainability issues and there is no obvious user demand. In the second case, which started on site only one year later, sustainable design is very prominent, but is largely tenant driven, albeit with the active and enthusiastic support of the developer and design team. The final case study building started on site in 2007 is entirely developer/building owner driven and stems from a perception that ＂green＂ buildings represent value for money, that there is a real and persistent user demand and that sustainable design makes strong commercial sense.展开更多
Tremendous data and materials indicate that British-American literature course, as the compulsive course for English major students, has been overlooked by the authority of various administrative departments and stude...Tremendous data and materials indicate that British-American literature course, as the compulsive course for English major students, has been overlooked by the authority of various administrative departments and students as well. The majorities of teachers and students have formed the conception of attaching more importance to skill-gaining than literature-acquisition. Furthermore, there are large quantities of questionnaires and analyses conducted by the author in this essay; meanwhile, this essay offers some countermeasures to solve the current situation of British-American literature course展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60574054No.70771065No.70671065)
文摘Most warranty cost models based on preventive maintenance operations are assumed that products improve at each preventive maintenance （PM） operation and the failure rate is reduced to the failure rate of new products or to some specified level. To make warranty cost models more suitable to real operations, a modeling method of the PM warranty cost was proposed with the situation where each PM operation slowed the rate of product degradation. A warranty cost model was built on PM operations. On the basis of the cost model, both without and with reliability limit PM warranty policy, algorithms were presented to derive the optimal PM number and the optimal PM interval with an objective of minimizing expected total warranty cost over a t＇mite warranty period. Finally, to demonstrate the feasibility of the presented modeling method, Weibuil distribution cases were tested by numerical simulations. The simulation results indicate that the proposed modeling method is feasible and valid for resolving the optimal solution of the product warranty cost.
文摘Quentin Skinner＇s work since his turn to rhetoric has not been extensively discussed. My thesis is that with this turn Skinner has invented another novelty in the study of political thought, by including the analysis of the rhetoric of debating pro et contra among political agents as sources of political thought. The exemplary institution for such debates is the Westminster Parliament, and Skinner extends the analysis of the rhetorical culture of English Renaissance to studies on parliamentary debates. Here I am first comparing Skinner＇s The Foundations of Modern Political Thought and Reason and Rhetoric in the Philosophy of Hobbes in their relationship to rhetoric. Subsequently I discuss Skinner＇s comments on English parliamentary debates, including his recommendation to read Hobbes＇s Leviathan ＂as a speech in Parliament.＂ Reason and Rhetoric has inspired valuable studies on English Renaissance political rhetoric, shortly discussed here. For the understanding of the distinct parliamentary variety of deliberative rhetoric, I refer to the formation of a specific parliamentary procedure and to procedural tracts from sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Westminster, which among others create a parliamentary vocabulary and rules for conducting and regulating parliamentary debates. The parliamentary procedure institutionalizes the principle of in utramque partem disputare, central in Skinner＇s rhetorical studies. By this manner we can re-activate the link between political thought and parliamentary studies as well as explicate a dissensual alternative to Jiirgen Habermas＇s views on the political thought studies and parliamentary debates.
文摘This paper explores the shift in the attitudes of building developer/owners to the incorporation of sustainability measures into office building renovations in New Zealand over the last 7 years, through a series of interviews with a wide range of key industry players and the study of three seminal case study examples. The interviewees uniformly considered that there had been a rapid increase in interest in the green renovation of existing buildings during the period under consideration, due mainly to strong leadership by central government. Significant differences in attitudes to green renovation emerged between the various groups as to whether, and on what terms such developments were likely to occur. The move to green building solutions seems to have continued in New Zealand, despite the world financial crisis and central government＇s abrogation of its leadership role being replaced by rising tenant expectations and the need for building owners to let their premises in a more competitive leasing environment. The change in attitudes demonstrated is profound. In the earliest of the case study buildings, started on site in 2004, no consideration is given by the developer, owner or design team to sustainability issues and there is no obvious user demand. In the second case, which started on site only one year later, sustainable design is very prominent, but is largely tenant driven, albeit with the active and enthusiastic support of the developer and design team. The final case study building started on site in 2007 is entirely developer/building owner driven and stems from a perception that ＂green＂ buildings represent value for money, that there is a real and persistent user demand and that sustainable design makes strong commercial sense.
文摘Tremendous data and materials indicate that British-American literature course, as the compulsive course for English major students, has been overlooked by the authority of various administrative departments and students as well. The majorities of teachers and students have formed the conception of attaching more importance to skill-gaining than literature-acquisition. Furthermore, there are large quantities of questionnaires and analyses conducted by the author in this essay; meanwhile, this essay offers some countermeasures to solve the current situation of British-American literature course
