《孟子》中的修身理念——修气

修身为做人的第一要务,自古皆然,圣贤的修身智慧能够引导人们健康、快乐的生活,引导人们处理好复杂的人际关系,获得高品质人生。《四书》中包含大量的修身理念,但各有侧重。其中的《孟子》侧重讲修养浩然正气,提振人的精神,改变人的气质,提升人的境界。

A comprehensive review of carbon sequestration of seagrass in China from 2013

Seagrass is not only known for its ecological role,but also for its high capacity on the carbon sequestration.Although the area of seagrass meadows was less than 0.2%of the world’s oceans,the yearly organic carbon burial of seagrass reached 10%of that in the ocean.Anthropogenic activities in the past two decades and the climate change have led to a significant decrease of seagrass meadow.Since seagrass is widely distributed along the coastline of China,it is necessary to put more efforts on the seagrass conservation and restoration,which will consequently be a suitable nature based solution for mitigating the climate change.This paper provides a comprehensive review on the following five aspects:1)the seagrass distribution in China;2)the role that seagrass plays in the climate mitigation;3)carbon sequestration of seagrass in China;4)loss of seagrass habitats and 5)the restoration of seagrass habitat in China since 2013.Current research gap and prospective research direction were also pointed out in this study.

Study on Eco-restoration of Polluted Rivers

[Objective] This study was conducted to find a restoration method suitable for urban polluted rivers. [Method] A segment of a representative river in the old part of a certain city in south Jiangsu was selected as a research area through previous investigation, and the polluted river was cleaned and restored by 3 methods, i.e. artificial wetland, floating island type wetland and purification floating island. [Resuit] Floating plants （Hydrocotyle verticillata and Myriophyllum spicatum） showed better restoration effects than emergent aquatic plants （Iris wilsonii, Arundo donax, reed, water-cultured Ilex chinensis and Lythrum salicaria）. The two types of plants showed the removal rates of total nitrogen of 37.9% and 34.1%, respectively, the removal rates of total phosphorous of 80.1% and 73.5%, respectively, the removal rates of COD of 81.1% and 74.8%, respectively, the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen of 80.6% and 85.9%, respectively, and the removal rates of SS of 59.1% and 77.3%, respectively. Among the purification floating island, the artificial wetland and the floating island type wetland, the purification floating land restoration technique exhibited the best removal effect, with the removal rates of 87.6%, 71.3%, 87.6%, 97.5% and 81.8% for total nitrogen, total phosphorous, ammonia nitrogen COD and SS, respectively. The nitrification and denitdfication rates of bottom mud and water samples in the engineering segment were remarkably higher than those in the reference segment, by 15.4% and 21.1%, respectively. The nitrification and denitrification rates of bottom mud in the engineering segment and the non-engineering segment were higher than those of water samples by 26.9% and 31.8%, respectively. Restoration plants showed better removal effects of total phosphorous, total nitrogen, COD and SS under aeration condition than noeration condition. [Conclusion] The purification floating island has a significant restoration effect on urban polluted river.

ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF CONTROL MIXER CONCEPT FOR A CONTROL RECONFIGURABLE AIRCRAFT

In today's aircraft,the hardware redundancy is driven by the critical surfaces resulting in single point-failures.Reconfiguration technology remoVes the single surface criticality by employing control surfaces with aerodynamic redundancy.This paper studies a control reconfiguration scheme based on Control Mixer Concept.A technique for the design of a control mixer for an aircraft with damaged surfaces/actuators using the pseudo-inverse is developed and applied.This paper discusses its applications and limitations based on linear analysis and computer simulation.

Investigation of the active components and mechanism of Sanao Decoction in treating chronic cough by network pharmacology and molecular docking

Objective To investigate the active components and mechanism of Sanao Decoction(三拗汤,SAD)in treating chronic cough based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.Methods Active components and their targets were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems and Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP),Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mech ANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine(BATMAN-TCM)database,and the literature.The component-target regulatory network and protein-protein interaction(PPI)network were constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.2,and a bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify the significant pathways and their relevant targets.Molecular docking of the core active components and relevant targets was performed.Results A total of 98 active components of SAD and the corresponding 113 drug targets were identified.The component-target regulatory network and PPI network were successfully established.Results of the bioinformatics analysis indicated that 2281 Gene Ontology(GO)terms were enriched in chronic cough,including 2062 terms were in biological processes,77 in cellular components,and 142 in molecular functions,and top 20 significant pathways in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis.Molecular docking study demonstrated that quercetin,luteolin,kaempferol,and naringenin were in good agreement with the corresponding targets.Conclusion The active compounds of SAD,such as quercetin,luteolin,kaempferol,and naringenin,may act on AKT1,MAPK1,RELA,EGFR,and Bcl-2 and regulate the PI3 K-Akt signaling pathway,AGE-RAGE signaling pathway,and fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis pathway to exert the effects of anti-inflammatory,anti-airway remodeling,anti-oxidant stress effects,and repair airway damage,thus treating chronic cough.

Application of the Analogue-Based Correction of Errors Method in ENSO Prediction

In this study, a method of analogue-based correction of errors(ACE) was introduced to improve El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) prediction produced by climate models. The ACE method is based on the hypothesis that the flow-dependent model prediction errors are to some degree similar under analogous historical climate states, and so the historical errors can be used to effectively reduce such flow-dependent errors. With this method, the unknown errors in current ENSO predictions can be empirically estimated by using the known prediction errors which are diagnosed by the same model based on historical analogue states. The authors first propose the basic idea for applying the ACE method to ENSO prediction and then establish an analogue-dynamical ENSO prediction system based on an operational climate prediction model. The authors present some experimental results which clearly show the possibility of correcting the flow-dependent errors in ENSO prediction, and thus the potential of applying the ACE method to operational ENSO prediction based on climate models.

The Impact of Optimizing Trim on Reducing Fuel Consumption

The shipping industry is one of the biggest industries throughout the ages. Maritime transport plays a vital role in world economy; whereas competition between maritime companies is fierce [1], at the same time agreements of co-operation have taken different forms including alliances and mergers between companies to increase their market share. But competitions still stand despite all alliances even in same market. This intense competition drives companies to attain high level of competitiveness, by monitoring ship＇s operating performance and operating cost, emphasis on improving performance and reduce cost. On other hand new environmental regulations come to light, expansion of ECA （emission control areas）, which lead to significant higher fuel cost when using low sulfur fuel. Since the fuel cost is the largest portion of the operating cost of the vessel, a saving in fuel usage can result in considerable saving in operational costs. Furthermore, fuel saving has environmental benefits in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of this paper is to investigate the role of trim optimization which considers one of the easiest and cheapest methods for ship performance optimization and fuel consumption reduction trim optimization.

Some Insights in Novel Risk Modeling of Liquefied Natural Gas Carrier Maintenance Operations

This study discusses the analysis of various modeling approaches such as genetic algorithms, fuzzy logic and evidential reasoning, and maintenance techniques applicable to the liquefied natural gas （LNG） carrier operations in the maritime environment. The usefulness of these algorithms in the LNG carrier industry in the areas of risk assessment and maintenance modeling as a standalone or hybrid algorithm are identified. This is evidenced with illustrative case studies.

Atmospheric radiative transfer simulation for at mospheric correction of remote sensing data

The radiance leaving the earth-atmosphere system which can be sensed by a satellite borne radiometer is the sum of radiation emission from the earth surface and each atmospheric level that are transmitted to the top of the atmosphere. The radiation emission from the earth surface and the radiance of each atmospheric level can be separated from the radiance at the top the atmospheric level measured by a satellite borne radiometer. However, it is very difficult to measure the atmospheric radiance, especially the synchronous measurement with the satellite. Thus some atmospheric radiative transfer models have been developed to provide many options for modeling atmospheric radiation transport, such as LOWTRAN, MODTRAN, 6S, FASCODE, LBLRTM, SHARC, and SAMM. Meanwhile, these models can support the detailed detector system design, the optimization and evaluation of satellite mission parameters, and the data processing procedures. As an example, the newly atmospheric radiative transfer models, MODTRAN will be compared with other models after the atmospheric radiative transfer is described. And the atmospheric radiative transfer simulation procedures and their applications to atmospheric transmittance, retrieval of atmospheric elements, and surface parameters, will also be presented.

Sulfur production from smelter off-gas using CO–H2 gas mixture as the reducing agent over modified Fe/γ-Al2O3 catalysts

A series of modifiedγ-Al_2O_3supported iron-based catalysts(M-Fe/γ-Al_2O_3)was developed to reduce SO_2in actual smelter off-gases using CO–H_2gas mixture as reducing agent for sulfur production.Used as modifiers,three metal additives—Ni,Co,and Ce were added to Fe/γ-Al_2O_3catalysts.Changes in catalyst structure and active phase were characterized with X-ray diffraction,XPS,SEM,and EDS.The reduction ability of catalysts was exhibited via CO-TPR.The prepared catalysts only need to be pre-reacted for a period of time,eliminating the need for presulfidation treatment.Reaction conditions were optimized in a fixed bed reactor to achieve high SO_2conversion and sulfur selectivity.XRD characterization was carried out to verify the resulting sulfur products.Combining in situ infrared characterization and catalyst evaluation of support and active component,the reaction mechanism was investigated and proposed.

The research progress on carbon fixation and oxygen release of phytoremediation

To create evaluation methods in reclamation area according to specific conditions in coal mines, introduced the re- search trends both at home and abroad on plants＇ carbon fixation and oxygen release, offered, at the same time, several method models on carbon fixation and oxygen release by plants, and gave some suggestions in this field on the basis of reading the ex- periences of former experts. Finally, used biomass method and instrument measurement method to analyze carbon emission benefits in the study area.

Annual precipitation gray forecast in disaster year of Chedaren debris flow

The Chedaren ravine belongs to high-prone areas of debris flow in Jilin Province, which threaten the local people＇ s life and security seriously. The authors used the residual correction theory to amend the GM （ 1, 1 ） model and forecast annual precipitation in disaster year of the Chedaren ravine ; it provides scientific foundation for early warning of debris flow disaster in the rainy season based on weather forecast. The prediction resuits show that annual precipitation is 724.7 mm in 2009 ; the region will probably occur large-scale debris flow during the rainy season.

Analyzing the influences of two types of El Nino on Tropical Cyclone Genesis with a modified genesis potential index

To understand the impacts of large-scale circulation during the evolution of E1 Nifio cycle on tropical cyclones （TC） is important and useful for TC forecast. Based on best-track data from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center and reanalysis data from National Centers for Environmental Prediction for the period 1975- 2014, we investigated the influences of two types of E1 Nifio, the eastern Pacific E1 Nifio （EP-E1 Nifio） and central Pacific E1 Nifio （CP-E1 Nifio）, on global TC genesis. We also examined how various environmental factors contribute to these influences using a modified genesis potential index （MGPI）. The composites reproduced for two types of E1 Nifio, from their developing to decaying phases, were able to qualitatively replicate observed cyclogenesis in several basins except for the Arabian Sea. Certain factors of MGPI with more influence than others in various regions are identified. Over the western North Pacific, five variables were all important in the two E1Nifio types during developing summer （July-August-September） and fall （October- November-December）, and decaying spring （April-May-June） and summer. In the eastern Pacific, vertical shear and relative vorticity are the crucial factors for the two types of El Nifio during developing and decaying summers. In the Atlantic, vertical shear, potential intensity and relative humidity are important for the opposite variation of EP- and CP-EI Nifios during decaying summers. In the Southern Hemisphere, the five variables have varying contributions to TC genesis variation during peak season （January-February-March） for the two types of E1 Nifio. In the Bay of Bengal, relative vorticity, humidity and omega may be responsible for clearly reduced TC genesis during developing fall for the two types and slightly suppressed TC cyclogenesis during EP-E1 Nifio decaying spring. In the Arabian Sea, the EP-E1 Nifio generates a slightly positive anomaly of TC genesis during developing falls and decaying springs, but the MGPI failed to capture this variation.

Thermal Ionization Method of Modifying the Atmospheric Processes

The paper discusses the influence of ions on the formation of clouds, precipitation and thunderstorm electricity. Thermal ionization method is based on two core concepts： electrical micro- and macro-instability of clouds. Cloud droplets increase in sizes in the ascending air under the influence of electric micro-instability. Macro-instability is responsible for the formation of space charges in convective clouds. Artificial rainfall and discharge of space charges of clouds may be caused by means of the electrical modification techniques. The key role in these processes belongs to thermionic production of artificial light and heavy ions, which are formed as the result of applying a pyrotechnic composition of potassium-magnesium compounds. Negative ions are hydrated and adsorbed by cloud droplets leading to their growth and further rainfall. An artificial ionized channel allows to change cloud conductivity, which prevents clouds from accumulating thunderstorm electricity. Electrical methods of cloud modification can be used for the artificial induction of precipitation, prevention of natural hazards, thunderstorms, tornadoes and heavy rains.

Intravenous preemptive analgesia modifies the distribution of lymphocyte subsets after radical mastectomy

Objective: In this study, we evaluated the effect of preemptive analgesia of flurbiprofen axetil (FA) and tramadol on immune response in patients undergoing radical mastectomy. Methods: In this prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 80 patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 20). The FA group (group A) patients received FA before tracheal intubation and at the end of surgery. The tramadol group (group B) patients received tramadol before tracheal intubation and at the end of surgery. The control group (group C) patients received saline before tracheal intubation and at the end of surgery. The combination group (group D) patients received FA and tramadol before tracheal intubation and at the end of surgery. Cluster of differentiation and lymphocytes were measured. Results: The CD3, CD4, CD8 and lymphocytes decreased postoperatively of all groups except of group A and D at 0.5 h postoperatively (P < 0.05). The CD3, CD4, CD8 and lymphocytes of group D were higher than those of group C at 0.5 h and 4 h postoperatively (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Preemptive analgesia using flurbiprofen axetil (FA) and tramadol may protect the immune system. The immune protective effect of FA may be better than that of tramadol. The combination of FA and tramadol may be the most effective among all the strategies.

Modeling for Volatilization and Bioremediation of Toluene-contaminated Soil by Bioventing

A two-dimensional numerical model is developed to simulate the flow,transport and biodegradation of toluene during bioventing （BV） processes in the unsaturated zones.The simulation for a single well BV system is used to illustrate the effect of air injection rate on remediation efficiency.The air is injected into the vadose zone to create a positive pressure.Simulation results show that air injection rate is a primary parameter governing the dispersal,redistribution and surface loss of contaminant.At injection rates of 81.504 m3·d-1 （Run 1） and 407.52 m3·d-1 （Run 2）,the total removed mass of toluene is 169.14 kg and 170.59 kg respectively.Ratios of volatilization to bio-degradation in Run 1 and Run 2 are 0.57︰1 and 0.89︰1,respectively,indicating that lower air injection rate enhances the biodegradation efficiency greatly.Air injection rate should be optimized to meet oxygen demand and to minimize the operational cost.

Views from Maritime Education and Training on the Full Implementation of 2010 STCW Amendments

The full review of The International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watch keeping for Seafarers （the STCW Convention） has been accomplished by International Maritime Organization （IMO） and the new amendment, which is also named as Manila amendment, has been effective since 2012, with a transitional period of 2012-2017. Based on the system engineering context consisting of ＂Human, Machine and Environment＂, human factors at sea, i.e., those factors relevant to the seafarers, are consistently underlined. STCW convention is the unique but systematic international maritime legislation looking after the ＂professional competency standards＂ of seafarers. The amendment thereto is of great significance for the Maritime Education and Training （MET） systems, which should be fully understood so as to respond to it effectively. The paper analyzes major impacts brought by the amendment, with purposes to raise recommendations for MET systems to implement the amendment effectively.

Cu-SAPO-17:A novel catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NOx

The high-temperature(HT) and low-temperature(LT) hydrothermal stabilities of molecular-sieve-based catalysts are important for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammonia(NH3-SCR). In this paper, we report a catalyst, Cu2+ loading SAPO-17, synthesized using cyclohexylamine(CHA), which is commercially available and inexpensive and is utilized in NH3-SCR reduction for the first time. After systematic investigations on the optimization of Si and Cu2+ contents, it was concluded that Cu-SAPO-17-8.0%-0.22 displays favorable catalytic performance, even after being heated at 353 K for 24 h and at 973 K for 16 h. Moreover, the locations of CHAs, host–guest interaction and the Bronsted acid sites were explored by Rietveld refinement against powder X-ray diffraction data of as-made SAPO-17-8.0%. The refinement results showed that two CHAs exist within one eri cage and that the protonated CHA forms a hydrogen bond with O4, which indicates that the proton bonding with O4 will form the Bronsted acid site after the calcination.

Reliability and maintainability analysis of electrical system of drum shearers

The reliability and maintainability of electrical system of drum shearer at Parvade. 1 Coal Mine in central Iran was analyzed. The maintenance and failure data were collected during 19 months of shearer operation. According to trend and serial correlation tests, the data were independent and identically distributed （iid） and therefore the statistical techniques were used for modeling. The data analysis show that the time between failures （TBF） and time to repair （TTR） data obey the lognormal and Weibull 3 parameters distribution respectively. Reliability-based preventive maintenance time intervals for electrical system of the drum shearer were calculated with regard to reliability plot. The reliability-based maintenance intervals for 90%, 80%, 70% and 50% reliability level are respectively 9.91, 17.96, 27.56 and 56.1 h. Also the calculations show that time to repair （TTR） of this system varies in range 0.17-4 h with 1.002 h as mean time to repair （MTTR）. There is a 80% chance that the electrical system of shearer of Parvade. 1 mine repair will be accomplished within 1.45 h.

On the separate retrieval of soil and vegetation temperatures from ATSR data

The Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) onboard the European Remote Sensing satellite (ERS) is presently the only one available to provide quasi-simultaneous thermal infrared measurements at two view angles. Such data represent an opportunity to explore the potential information on the directional observations in the thermal infrared region, in view of the preparation of a new generation of multi-angle satellite sensors. Based on the analysis of one ATSR image, the results of this work indicate that the magnitude of the directional effect on the brightness temperature (ground anisotropic radiance), although quite sensitive to errors in atmospheric conditions, may still be retrieved with acceptable uncertainty. In order to retrieve both vegetation and soil temperatures from directional brightness temperatures, it is shown that an appropriate description of the nature and content of the pixel is needed, otherwise this retrieval will be quite uncertain.