为探究布鲁菌感染宿主细胞早期泛素化修饰蛋白质组表达变化并筛选出影响免疫应答的关键调控蛋白,通过Label-free和泛素化富集技术以及高分辨率LC-MS/MS联用的定量蛋白质组学研究策略,对布鲁菌16M感染11 h (感染5 h,胞内复制6 h)后的巨...为探究布鲁菌感染宿主细胞早期泛素化修饰蛋白质组表达变化并筛选出影响免疫应答的关键调控蛋白,通过Label-free和泛素化富集技术以及高分辨率LC-MS/MS联用的定量蛋白质组学研究策略,对布鲁菌16M感染11 h (感染5 h,胞内复制6 h)后的巨噬细胞和未感染布鲁菌16M的巨噬细胞进行了泛素化蛋白质组学定量研究,数据库检索分析了16M感染后的巨噬细胞和未感染的巨噬细胞差异表达的泛素化位点对应的蛋白质,并应用生物信息学方法筛选出16M感染巨噬细胞后可造成宿主免疫抑制的关键蛋白质。结果显示,共鉴定出349个蛋白质上580个泛素化位点。布鲁菌16M感染组相对于未感染组167个蛋白质上259个位点泛素化修饰水平发生上调,212个蛋白质上321个位点泛素化修饰水平发生下调(差异倍数>1.5,P<0.05);35个泛素化修饰差异表达的蛋白质可能与布鲁菌感染后宿主的免疫应答有关,其中27个泛素化修饰的下调蛋白质(如Bcap31、Btk、Faf1和Akap31等),1个泛素化修饰上调蛋白质Ubqln1可能是布鲁菌感染宿主后造成免疫抑制的关键蛋白。本研究筛选获得了布鲁菌16M感染宿主细胞免疫相关差异表达的泛素化修饰蛋白质,初步揭示布鲁菌能够调控宿主免疫信号通路、自噬和凋亡等免疫应答过程中相关蛋白质的泛素化修饰,为进一步研究布鲁菌感染后调节宿主泛素化修饰进而形成免疫逃逸的分子机制提供理论基础。展开更多
A new approach for assembling amperometric mushroom pulp tissue based membrane electrode for determination of L tyrosine analysis is proposed. Ferrocene is used as a mediator of electron transfer between tyrosinase ...A new approach for assembling amperometric mushroom pulp tissue based membrane electrode for determination of L tyrosine analysis is proposed. Ferrocene is used as a mediator of electron transfer between tyrosinase in mushroom tissue and a graphite electrode. The optimal operation conditions are studied. The linear response range of the biosensor is 2 0×10 -4 to 4 5×10 -3 mol·L -1 with response time of less than 5 min and lifetime of at least 30 d. The biosensor can be applied to practical sample analysis.展开更多
As for many other tumors,development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)must be understood as a multistep process with accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in regulatory genes,leading to activation of oncog...As for many other tumors,development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)must be understood as a multistep process with accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in regulatory genes,leading to activation of oncogenes and inactivation or loss of tumor suppressor genes(TSG).In the last decades,in addition to genetic alterations,epigenetic inactivation of(tumor suppressor) genes by promoter hypermet hylation has been recognized as an important and alternative mechanism in tumorigenesis.In HCC,aberrant methylation of promoter sequences occurs not only in advanced tumors, it has been also observed in premalignant conditions just as chronic viral hepatitis B or C and cirrhotic liver. This review discusses the epigenetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma focusing DNA methylation.展开更多
Cationic polyethylenimine （PEI） with dextran fluorescein anionic （DFA） or oligodeoxynucleotide （ODN） could form polyelectrolyte complex by self-assembly as a gene delivery vector. This study was designed to inve...Cationic polyethylenimine （PEI） with dextran fluorescein anionic （DFA） or oligodeoxynucleotide （ODN） could form polyelectrolyte complex by self-assembly as a gene delivery vector. This study was designed to investigate the effects on pharmaceutical characteristics and cell uptake PEI after a long-circulation modification with poly（ethylene glycol） （PEG）. DFA or ODN reacted with PEI or PEI-PEG to form polyelectrolyte complexes. Surface characters of these complexes and the retardation of ODN by PEI and PEI-PEG were evaluated. The uptake rates of DFA/PEI and DFA/PEI-PEG complexes by MCF-7 cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was utilized to visualize the internalization of these complexes. ODN/PEI complex showed the dependence of their size and ξ potential on the N/P ratio. ODN/PEI-PEG complex were much less affected by N/P ratio and their size was around 30 100 nm. PEI and PEI-PEG retarded ODN even at N/P ratio as low as 4, and complete retardation was found at N/P ratio of 8. The uptake rate by MCF-7 cells was direct correlated to the DFA concentration and incubation time, and the uptake rate could exceed 99% under the selected condition. The results in this study showed that PEI self-assembly polyelectrolyte complex after stealth or long circulation modification may increase the ability as a gene vector to delivery genes into cells.展开更多
Alcoholic liver disease （ALD） is characterized by steatosis or fat deposition in the liver and inflammation, which leads to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Induction of target genes without involving changes...Alcoholic liver disease （ALD） is characterized by steatosis or fat deposition in the liver and inflammation, which leads to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Induction of target genes without involving changes in DNA sequence seems to contribute greatly to liver injury. Chromatin modifications including alterations in histones and DNA, as well as post-transcriptional changes collectively referred to as epigenetic effects are altered by alcohol. Recent studies have pointed to a significant role for epigenetic mechanisms at the nucleosomal level influencing gene expression and disease outcome in ALD. Specifically, epigenetic alterations by alcohol include histone modifications such as changes in acetylation and phosphorylation, hypomethylation of DNA, and alterations in miRNAs. These modifications can be induced by alcoholnduced oxidative stress that results in altered recruitment of transcriptional machinery and abnormal gene expression. Delineating these mechanisms in initiation and progression of ALD is becoming a major area of interest. This review summarizes key epigenetic mechanisms that are dysregulated by alcohol in the liver. Alterations by alcohol in histone and DNA modifications, enzymes related to histone acetylation such as histone acetyltransferases, his-tone deacetylases and sirtuins, and methylation enzymes such as DNA methyltransferases are discussed. Chromatin modifications and miRNA alterations that result in immune cell dysfunction contributing to inflammatory cytokine production in ALD is reviewed. Finally, the role of alcohol-mediated oxidative stress in epigenetic regulation in ALD is described. A better understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for designing novel epigenetic based therapies to ameliorate ALD.展开更多
The sea cucumber, Apostichopusjaponicus, undergoes aestivation to improve survival during periods of high-temperature. During aestivation, the metabolic rate is depressed to reduce the consumption of reserved energy. ...The sea cucumber, Apostichopusjaponicus, undergoes aestivation to improve survival during periods of high-temperature. During aestivation, the metabolic rate is depressed to reduce the consumption of reserved energy. We evaluated the role of epigenetic modification on global gene silencing during metabolic rate depression in the sea cucumber. We compared the expression of epigenetic modifiers in active and aestivating sea cucumbers. The expression of three genes involved in DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling （DNA （cytosine-5）-methyltransferase l, Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2）, and Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 5） was significantly higher during aestivation （Days 20 and 40）. Similarly, we observed an increase in the expression of genes involved in histone acetylation （Histone deacetylase 3） and Histone-binding protein RBBP4） during the early （Days 5 and 10） and late phases （Days 20 and 40） of aestivation. There was no change in the expression of KAT2B, a histone acetyltransferase. However, the expression of histone methylation associated modifiers （Histone-arginine methyltransferase CARMER and Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase MLL5） was significantly higher after 5 d in the aestivating group. The results suggest that the expression of epigenetic modifiers involved in DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone acetylation, and histone methylation is upregulated during aestivation. We hypothesize that these changes regulate global gene silencing during aestivation in A. japonicus.展开更多
文摘为探究布鲁菌感染宿主细胞早期泛素化修饰蛋白质组表达变化并筛选出影响免疫应答的关键调控蛋白,通过Label-free和泛素化富集技术以及高分辨率LC-MS/MS联用的定量蛋白质组学研究策略,对布鲁菌16M感染11 h (感染5 h,胞内复制6 h)后的巨噬细胞和未感染布鲁菌16M的巨噬细胞进行了泛素化蛋白质组学定量研究,数据库检索分析了16M感染后的巨噬细胞和未感染的巨噬细胞差异表达的泛素化位点对应的蛋白质,并应用生物信息学方法筛选出16M感染巨噬细胞后可造成宿主免疫抑制的关键蛋白质。结果显示,共鉴定出349个蛋白质上580个泛素化位点。布鲁菌16M感染组相对于未感染组167个蛋白质上259个位点泛素化修饰水平发生上调,212个蛋白质上321个位点泛素化修饰水平发生下调(差异倍数>1.5,P<0.05);35个泛素化修饰差异表达的蛋白质可能与布鲁菌感染后宿主的免疫应答有关,其中27个泛素化修饰的下调蛋白质(如Bcap31、Btk、Faf1和Akap31等),1个泛素化修饰上调蛋白质Ubqln1可能是布鲁菌感染宿主后造成免疫抑制的关键蛋白。本研究筛选获得了布鲁菌16M感染宿主细胞免疫相关差异表达的泛素化修饰蛋白质,初步揭示布鲁菌能够调控宿主免疫信号通路、自噬和凋亡等免疫应答过程中相关蛋白质的泛素化修饰,为进一步研究布鲁菌感染后调节宿主泛素化修饰进而形成免疫逃逸的分子机制提供理论基础。
文摘A new approach for assembling amperometric mushroom pulp tissue based membrane electrode for determination of L tyrosine analysis is proposed. Ferrocene is used as a mediator of electron transfer between tyrosinase in mushroom tissue and a graphite electrode. The optimal operation conditions are studied. The linear response range of the biosensor is 2 0×10 -4 to 4 5×10 -3 mol·L -1 with response time of less than 5 min and lifetime of at least 30 d. The biosensor can be applied to practical sample analysis.
文摘As for many other tumors,development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)must be understood as a multistep process with accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in regulatory genes,leading to activation of oncogenes and inactivation or loss of tumor suppressor genes(TSG).In the last decades,in addition to genetic alterations,epigenetic inactivation of(tumor suppressor) genes by promoter hypermet hylation has been recognized as an important and alternative mechanism in tumorigenesis.In HCC,aberrant methylation of promoter sequences occurs not only in advanced tumors, it has been also observed in premalignant conditions just as chronic viral hepatitis B or C and cirrhotic liver. This review discusses the epigenetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma focusing DNA methylation.
基金National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No.30772665)Beijing Nature Science Foundation (Grant No.7083111).
文摘Cationic polyethylenimine （PEI） with dextran fluorescein anionic （DFA） or oligodeoxynucleotide （ODN） could form polyelectrolyte complex by self-assembly as a gene delivery vector. This study was designed to investigate the effects on pharmaceutical characteristics and cell uptake PEI after a long-circulation modification with poly（ethylene glycol） （PEG）. DFA or ODN reacted with PEI or PEI-PEG to form polyelectrolyte complexes. Surface characters of these complexes and the retardation of ODN by PEI and PEI-PEG were evaluated. The uptake rates of DFA/PEI and DFA/PEI-PEG complexes by MCF-7 cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was utilized to visualize the internalization of these complexes. ODN/PEI complex showed the dependence of their size and ξ potential on the N/P ratio. ODN/PEI-PEG complex were much less affected by N/P ratio and their size was around 30 100 nm. PEI and PEI-PEG retarded ODN even at N/P ratio as low as 4, and complete retardation was found at N/P ratio of 8. The uptake rate by MCF-7 cells was direct correlated to the DFA concentration and incubation time, and the uptake rate could exceed 99% under the selected condition. The results in this study showed that PEI self-assembly polyelectrolyte complex after stealth or long circulation modification may increase the ability as a gene vector to delivery genes into cells.
基金Supported by PHS Grant # AA017545 (to Mandrekar P) and AA017986 (to Mandrekar P) from the National Institute of Al-cohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health
文摘Alcoholic liver disease （ALD） is characterized by steatosis or fat deposition in the liver and inflammation, which leads to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Induction of target genes without involving changes in DNA sequence seems to contribute greatly to liver injury. Chromatin modifications including alterations in histones and DNA, as well as post-transcriptional changes collectively referred to as epigenetic effects are altered by alcohol. Recent studies have pointed to a significant role for epigenetic mechanisms at the nucleosomal level influencing gene expression and disease outcome in ALD. Specifically, epigenetic alterations by alcohol include histone modifications such as changes in acetylation and phosphorylation, hypomethylation of DNA, and alterations in miRNAs. These modifications can be induced by alcoholnduced oxidative stress that results in altered recruitment of transcriptional machinery and abnormal gene expression. Delineating these mechanisms in initiation and progression of ALD is becoming a major area of interest. This review summarizes key epigenetic mechanisms that are dysregulated by alcohol in the liver. Alterations by alcohol in histone and DNA modifications, enzymes related to histone acetylation such as histone acetyltransferases, his-tone deacetylases and sirtuins, and methylation enzymes such as DNA methyltransferases are discussed. Chromatin modifications and miRNA alterations that result in immune cell dysfunction contributing to inflammatory cytokine production in ALD is reviewed. Finally, the role of alcohol-mediated oxidative stress in epigenetic regulation in ALD is described. A better understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for designing novel epigenetic based therapies to ameliorate ALD.
基金Supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program(No.2006AA10A411)the Agricultural Seed Project of Shandong Province
文摘The sea cucumber, Apostichopusjaponicus, undergoes aestivation to improve survival during periods of high-temperature. During aestivation, the metabolic rate is depressed to reduce the consumption of reserved energy. We evaluated the role of epigenetic modification on global gene silencing during metabolic rate depression in the sea cucumber. We compared the expression of epigenetic modifiers in active and aestivating sea cucumbers. The expression of three genes involved in DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling （DNA （cytosine-5）-methyltransferase l, Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2）, and Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 5） was significantly higher during aestivation （Days 20 and 40）. Similarly, we observed an increase in the expression of genes involved in histone acetylation （Histone deacetylase 3） and Histone-binding protein RBBP4） during the early （Days 5 and 10） and late phases （Days 20 and 40） of aestivation. There was no change in the expression of KAT2B, a histone acetyltransferase. However, the expression of histone methylation associated modifiers （Histone-arginine methyltransferase CARMER and Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase MLL5） was significantly higher after 5 d in the aestivating group. The results suggest that the expression of epigenetic modifiers involved in DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone acetylation, and histone methylation is upregulated during aestivation. We hypothesize that these changes regulate global gene silencing during aestivation in A. japonicus.
